Softwood describes wood derived from conifer trees, including cedar, fir, larch, pine, and redwood.
In spite of its softness, balsa wood is technically classified as a hardwood — being the softest commercially available hardwood.
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Hardwood comes from dicot flowering trees such as beech, oak, ash, holly and box wood. Interestingly balsa used in model making as it is exceptionally easy to work due to being very soft is a hardwood as it comes from a dicot flowering tree and so is a hardwood.
Softwood comes mostly from coniferous trees such as Scotts pine, larch and Douglas fir. Softwoods can be exceptionally hard such as yew.
The difference between the classifications is due to the microscopic structure of the wood rather than the hardness of the woods when they are worked. Softwoods have many small tubes to allow water transport, hardwoods have fewer larger tubes.
Oak is a hardwood . Pine is a softwood.