Examples of inductive reasoning: All the dogs we've seen are black so the next dog we see will be black; Sara is a great musician therefore her brother must also be a great musician; All the cats we've seen are brown so all cats must be brown. Examples of deductive reasoning: All cheerleaders are preppy and Lucy is a cheerleader so Lucy must be preppy; Since all teachers are smart and Karen is a teacher then Karen is smart; All Basketball players are tall and Jordan is a basketball player so Jordan is tall.
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All chemists are smart, since chemists are scientists and all scientists are smart: as an example of deductive reasoning. Similarly, All swans we have seen have been white; therefore all swans are white is an example of the inductive reasoning.