These are the investors who are ready to take a risk of losing their capital while making investors. You can consider stock market investors as risk seeking investors because there is no guarantee of our money in the stock market. There is always a risk of losing our capital in our stock market and hence it is a risky investment.
element of risk is the factor which causes the cost of capital to increase as much the risk as much the cost of capital.
Yes, I is always capital.
In order to determine reasonable costs of capital for average, high and low risk projects the firm should develop risk-adjusted costs of capital for each category of risk based on the concept of divisional WACC. If a firm estimates that its cost of capital for the coming year will be 10%, the firm should use 10% as the basis for its average risk projects since the firm will need to achieve a minimum of a 10% return on all its projects. Typically, a high-risk project has the potential for higher returns and a low-risk project will typically yield lower returns. Therefore, the firm could set the cost of capital for its high-risk projects at 12% and the cost of capital for low risk projects at 8%. Since the average risk project has a 10% cost of capital, the overall risk of the firms projects will be equal to the 10% cost of capital. Similarly, if the firm's high-risk projects are particularly risky, they could be set at a 15% cost of capital and the low-risk projects will be adjusted down to a 5% cost of capital. The ultimate goal is that the portfolio of the firm's projects will achieve the required 10% return or greater so that the cost of capital to fund the projects is covered. The assignment of risk is somewhat subjective but it is better than not adjusting the risk at all.
No.
RAROC is a risk based profitability measurement for analyzing the risk-adjusted financial performance of the company and for providing a consistent view of the profitability across businesses. RAROC is usually used in banking parlance where companies have to handle the risk of losses.In business enterprises, risk is traded off against benefits. RAROC is defined as the ratio of risk adjusted return to economic capital. The economic capital is the amount of money which is required to secure the survival of the organization in a worst case scenario; it is a buffer against expected shocks in the market values. Economic capital is a function of credit risk, market risk and operational risk and is often calculated by VaR (Value at Risk). This use of capital based on risk improves the capital allocation across the different functional areas of banks, insurance companies or any other business in which capital is placed at risk for an expected return above the risk-free rate.Formula:RAROC = Expected Return / Economic Capital orRAROC = Expected Return / Value at Risk
The Capital Adequacy Ratio of a bank is arrived at by comparing the sum of its Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital to its risk. The equation for expressing the Capital adequacy ratio is: CAR=(Tier 1 Capital +Tier2 Capital)/Risk weighted assets.
Market risk is theoretically the most relevant measure of risk for capital budgeting purposes because it is reflected in stock prices.
No
Disadvantage of share capital is that it increases the risk of default which causes the increase in cost of capital.
Equity capital
The risk of lending on character is called "moral risk." The risk of lending on capacity is called "business risk." The risk of lending on capital is called "property risk."