Absolutely.
Floating Installation This method the floor floats over foam cushioned padding.
If it sits over a cement floor, then no. If it is a nailed down floor, then you can, but you still have to install a cement board.
yes, but it will slide over the years so I would not
It could, but unless it's extremely uneaven (like natural slate) just lay down the pad and install the floor. Above all, read the instructions that come with the floor.
Absolutely, but you have to be aware that it will raise your floor level and you might have a problem with door jambs and levels of flooring from one from room to another.
Yes, it must be a glue down wood or a floating wood floor.
only if its solid wood under and a well stuck down single layer if there is any movement ie cracks in the vinyl the wood floor is not stable and a 1/2 ply should be laid down first then rosin or felt paper
No for many reasons. First, wood, especially parquet style are not suitable subflooring. Slate requires an extremely strong substraight. If you are not on a concrete slab, you must create one with either a 1/2" cement board or a mudbed from metal lathe, sand, and portland cement. Even on concrete with parquet on the top would not work. The moisture that naturally comes through the cement would force the wood up in time as the water has no place to escape to. Also, the thinsets used on slate tiles would cause the wood to swell. These are mixed with water and can damage a wood subfloor.
Usually, but when the installers place the pad down, often they used staples. Also, in time the pad wants to stick to the wood.
See attached link for an easy how to install wood flooring guide.
If the oak is down solid and no buckles, you can staple or glue most Bamboo over a suitable wood floor.. PLEASE check with the maker of teh Bamboo so you dont get blindsided.