Scientists concluded that the atom consists of mostly empty space.
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In terms of nuclear radiation, a thin sheet of aluminium is capable of blocking both alpha particles (helium nucleus: 2 protons + 2 neutrons) and beta particles (electrons or positrons).
Rutherford fired alpha particles at a sheet of atoms in order to determine the atomic structure. The alpha particle is positively charged. Those particles that bounce straight back are the ones that hit the nucleus of the atom and were repelled by the nucleus's positive charge.
Alpha particles are made up of 2 protons and 2 neutrons, this gives them a strong positive charge. They are slow moving and can be stopped by a sheet of paper or skin. Their charge makes them highly ionising which means that they can damage living tissue if they get inside the body. Beta Particles are made up from electrons it's charge is zero. Their mass is very light (1/1836) . Beta's penetration abilities can travel through Aluminium or a thin sheet of a metal Gamma Particles are made up from a electromagnetic wave it's charge is negative it doesn't have a mass it can travel through Lead
Yes. In 1908, Rutherford conducted an experiment of shooting a beam of alpha particles through a sheet of tinfoil. Most of the alpha particles went straight through the foil, which proves that there are empty spaces in atoms. And the rest of the particles that didn't go straight through the foil are deflected at acute angles, those particles are deflected by the positive nucleus in the center of the atoms.
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