Tamaulipas

 

(tämoulē'päs) , state (1990 pop. 2,249,581), 30,734 sq mi (79,601 sq km), NE Mexico, on the Gulf of Mexico. Ciudad Victoria is the capital. The central and western parts of the state are in the mountains of the Sierra Madre Oriental. In the north and south are arable plains, particularly in the long panhandle beginning at Nuevo Laredo and following the Rio Grande opposite Texas to Matamoros. The coast is low, sandy, fringed with lagoons, and (except for Matamoros and Tampico) only lightly inhabited by fishermen and a few resorts. The extreme southwestern mining area borders on the vast semiarid basins of central Mexico. Except in the elevated interior, the climate is hot and humid. The state's greatest source of wealth is petroleum and its byproducts, but agriculture and cattle raising are also important. Tamaulipas is a leading national producer of sugarcane and cotton; cereals, tobacco, and corn are other major crops. Maquiladoras, foreign-owned manufacturing plants that finish goods for U.S. export, have rapidly grown throughout the state. The Spanish first explored the territory in 1519, but after conquering the Tamaulipans they abandoned the area. European colonization began in 1747; Franciscan missions flourished in the 18th cent.

Tamaulipas
Flag Coat of arms
Location within Mexico
Country	Mexico
Capital	Victoria
Municipalities	43
Largest City	Reynosa
Government
- Governor	Eugenio Hernández Flores (PRI)
- Federal Deputies	PAN:5 PRI:3
- Federal Senators	PAN:2 PRI:1
Area Ranked 7th
- State	km²  ( sq mi)
Population (2005)
- State	{{formatnum:3,024,238 (Ranked 13th)}}
HDI (2004)	0.8111 - high Ranked 11th
ISO 3166-2	MX-TAM
Postal abbr.	Tamps.
Website: Tamaulipas state government

Tamaulipas is a provincial state in the northeast of Mexico.

Location

Tamaulipas borders on the states of Veracruz to the south, San Luis Potosí to the southwest, and Nuevo León to the west. To the east Tamaulipas fronts the Gulf of Mexico; to the north Tamaulipas stands on the U.S.-Mexico border, adjacent to the U.S. state of Texas. According to the 2006 census, Tamaulipas had a population of some 3,024,238 people.

The capital of Tamaulipas is Ciudad Victoria. Also in Tamaulipas are the cities of Altamira, Ciudad Madero, Ciudad Mante, Matamoros, Nuevo Laredo, Reynosa, Tampico, Valle Hermoso, San Fernando, Soto La Marina, Rio Bravo

Economy and culture

Northern Tamaulipas shares its culture with that of Texas, and is primarily characterized by agriculture and strong growth in all industrial sectors. This region is home to many of the maquiladoras, factories owned by foreign companies but worked primarily by Mexicans.

Southern Tamaulipas' economy is based primarily on the petro-chemical industries. There are petro-chemical production plants around Altamira as well as a principal Gulf coast container port, refinery facilities in Ciudad Madero and many oil-industry support service companies in Tampico, as well as a major loose-cargo port. Also of importance are the tourism and fishing industries, as well as much commercial shipping, based in Tampico and Altamira. The little village of La Pesca, in the municipality of Soto La Marina, about midway between Brownsville, Texas and Tampico, is a rapidly growing tourist area with lovely beaches and excellent fishing both in the Gulf of Mexico and the Rio Soto La Marina. The central zone contains the capital, Ciudad Victoria, and is home to much foresting and farming, as well as some industrial development. About 30% of the population lives here, both in the capital and in Ciudad Mante. Ciudad Victoria is a significant educational center, home to the Autonomous University of Tamaulipas (which also has campuses in other cities in the state), the Regional Technical Institute of Ciudad Victoria, the University of Valle de Bravo, and other institutions of learning.

At of the 1990 census, 13 percent of the homes had only dirt floors, nearly 19 percent had no running water, and over 15 percent of the homes had no electricity. This was better than the national average, but was skewed because of the high rate of development in the urban centers — in rural communities in Tamaulipas, access to running water was available in less than 40 percent of homes.

History

The name of the state is derived from Tamaholipa which is a Huastec term, where the tam- prefix signifies "place where". As yet, there is no scholarly agreement on the meaning of holipa, but "high hills" is a common interpretation (however, a native population of Tamaulipas, now extinct, was referred to as the "Olives" during the early colonial period, which is a likely Spanish transformation on holipa).

The area currently known as Tamaulipas has been inhabited for at least 8000 years. Several different cultures existed back then, the north coastal, south coastal, lowlands, and mountains.

Although Cortés conquered the Aztecs rather quickly, it was a gradual process by which Spain subjugated the inhabitants of Tamaulipas in the 16th and 17th centuries. The first permanent Spanish settlement in the area was Tampico in 1554. More work along these lines was done by Franciscan missionaries, although repeated indigenous rebellions kept the area unstable. What is now Tamaulipas was first incorporated as a separate province of New Spain in 1746 with the name Nuevo Santander. The local government capital during this time moved from Santander, to San Carlos, and finally to Aguayo.

After Mexico's independence from Spain, Tamaulipas continued to be an unstable region. The fight in national government between federalist and centralist factions resulted in repeated rebellions. In January 1854 Tamaulipas was declared a state of the union during the civil war between Santa Anna and the liberal guerrilla factions that had been in power before him. Its capital was kept as Aguayo, which would later be renamed Ciudad Victoria.

It briefly became a part of the Republic of the Rio Grande.

The French occupation and reign of Emperor Maximilian during the 1860's was difficult for Tamaulipas, at least on the borders and in the city of Tampico. Portions of Tamaulipas supported the guerrilla fighters resisting the French, especially in the north. It was not until two years after French occupation began, that Tamaulipas as a state finally acceded to Maximilian's rule, and it was not until 1866 that the last French soldiers left the state, leading up to Maximilian's execution in 1867.

However, the years after Maximilian's defeat were ones of rebuilding and great growth in Tamaulipas. International trade began to blossom, especially with the coming of the railroad to Tampico, which was developing as not only a port city, but an industrial and commercial center as well. The railroad allowed goods to flow quickly from the mines and cities of the interior and the Texas border to Tampico for processing and shipment. This in turn caused significant growth in towns such as Matamoros and Nuevo Laredo.

Since the revolution of 1910, successive governments have been dedicated to building industry and infrastructure in Tamaulipas, including communications and educational systems. Norberto Trevino Zapata founded the state university system as well as reforming the state oil industry. Marte Gomez provided increased farm sizes for private family farmers. And more recently, Emilio Martinez Manautou led industrial growth. Lately a push has been to strengthen fishing, including fights to increase the price of fish and shellfish on the international market.

Notable people

• Laura Flores, actress
• Víctor García, singer
• Aurora Robles, supermodel
• Arleth Terán, actress
• Rigo Tovar, singer/songwriter/composer/actor
• Katalina Verdin, Playboy model
• Eduardo Verástegui, actor/model

Municipalities

The state is subdivided into 43 municipios. See municipalities of Tamaulipas.

Major communities

• Altamira
• Ciudad Madero
• Ciudad Mante
• Ciudad Victoria
• Matamoros
• Miramar
• Nuevo Laredo
• Reynosa
• Río Bravo
• Tampico
• Valle Hermoso

External links

• (Spanish) Tamaulipas state government.
• (Spanish) Party of the Work - Tamaulipas.
• (Spanish) University of Tamaulipas
• (Spanish) Towns, cities, and postal codes in Tamaulipas
• Colonization Laws of the State of Tamaulipas, 1826 from Gammel's Laws of Texas, Vol. I. hosted by the Portal to Texas History.

States of Mexico
Aguascalientes · Baja California · Baja California Sur · Campeche · Chiapas · Chihuahua · Coahuila · Colima · Durango · Distrito Federal · Guanajuato · Guerrero · Hidalgo · Jalisco · México · Michoacán · Morelos · Nayarit · Nuevo León · Oaxaca · Puebla · Querétaro · Quintana Roo · San Luis Potosí · Sinaloa · Sonora · Tabasco · Tamaulipas · Tlaxcala · Veracruz · Yucatán · Zacatecas

Coordinates: 24°17′14″N, 98°33′48″Wpms:Tamaulipas

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