Battle of Sirmium happened on 1167-07-08.

Irenaeus was born in 130.

Fausta Cialente died in 1994.

Saint Anastasia of Sirmium was martyred in the persecutions of Diocletian about the year 304.

Saint Anastasia of Sirmium was martyred about the year 304AD. The precise date is not known.

The feast day of Saint Anastasia of Sirmium is on December 25.

The following saints share December 25 - Christmas:

Adalsindis of Hamay

Alburga of Wilton

Anastasia of Sirmium

Eugenia of Rome

Fulk of Toulouse

Jacopone da Todi

Martyrs of Nicomedia

Matthew of Albano

Michael Nakashima

Nera

Peter Nolasco

Romulus

Constantine designated Byzantium as his imperial seat, redeveloped it and renamed him Constantinople after himself, (it means city of Constantine). Under his predecessor, Diocletian, there were four imperial seats: Nicomedia, Milan, Sirmium and Augusta Trevorum. Rome had ceased to be the capital of he empire.

The following saints are memorialized on December 25:

* Adalsindis of Hamay

* Alburga of Wilton

* Anastasia of Sirmium

* Christmas

* Eugenia of Rome

* Fulk of Toulouse

* Jacopone da Todi

* Martyrs of Nicomedia

* Matthew of Albano

* Michael Nakashima Saburoemon

* Nera

* Peter Nolasco

* Romulus

Saint Anastasia's symbol is often depicted as a palm branch, which represents martyrdom and victory over death. She is also sometimes depicted holding a cross, symbolizing her Christian faith and dedication to Christ.

The following saints are memorialized on December 25:

Adalsindis of Hamay

Alburga of Wilton

Anastasia of Sirmium

Christmas - the Nativity of Christ

Eugenia of Rome

Fulk of Toulouse

Jacopone da Todi

Martyrs of Nicomedia

Matthew of Albano

Michael Nakashima Saburoemon

Nera

Peter Nolasco

Peter the Venerable

Romulus

There are over a dozen saints named Irenaeus. If you are referring to Saint Irenaeus of Sirmium, he was beheaded in the year 304. Saint Irenaeus of Lyons was martyred in the year 202. The method of his death is unknown.

I do not know where you got this information from. The Romans did not have restrictions on the size of their cities. Look at these population figures:

Rome 1-1.4 million

Alexandria (Egypt) 750,000 -1 million

Antioch (Turkey) 500,000

Carthage (Tunisia) 500,000

Ephesus (Turkey) 500,000

Syrna (Turjey) 250,000

Pergamum (Turkey) 150,000

Leptis magna (Tunisia) 150,000

Augusta Trevorum (Germany) 105,000

Sirmium (Serbia) 100.000

No. the Anastasia you mention is medieval or earlier Middle-east- say Russo-Turkish theatre, saint. Anastasia Romanov, more properly Anastasia Nicolaievna- the daughter of Nicholai ( it would be bad usage to refer to her on the street, as Anastasia Romanov during the Empire, as bad as yelling ( Hey Betty Windsor!) at Queen Elizabeth II /. show some respect, the Last name was- understood and understated. she did not use the Anastasia Romanov handle until after the Diaspora, circa l922. Floreat Anastasia!

In Lines West (Roman church) by the way celebrated on Christmas- she is the patroness of Weavers. ( a convoluted web indeed). in Lines East- the Russian Orthodox church she is identified with displaced persons (logically) and also invoked for memory lapses and mental illness. (she did have vivid amnesia attacks particularily when the St.Petersburg Massacre was brought up and an phobia about law enforcement officers of all types- and also basements and photographers. somewhat oddly she WAS a practicing shutterbug as a teenager, and later, but did not want to be photographed!

Diocletian introduced the tetrarchy (rule by four). He decided to co-rule with Maximian. Diocletian took control of the east and Maximian held the west. Two junior emperors (Caesars) were then appointed to help the senior emperors (Augusti) by oversee areas where the frontier was particularly vulnerable to attacks. Constantius Clorus took charge of Gaul and the frontier on the river Rhine in the west. Galerius took charge of Illyricum (most of the Balkan Peninsula including Greece) and the frontier along the river Danube. Diocletian took charge of Romania, Bulgaria, Asia and Egypt while Maximian was in charge of Italy and Africa.

Four Imperial capitals were established: Milan and Augusta Trevorum (Tries in Germany) in the west, and Sirmium (in present day Serbia) and Nicomedia (in northwestern Turkey) in the east.

No, not at all. Saint Anastasia is a Roman Catholic Saint and a Martyr who died at Sirmium, which is located in modern day Serbia. In the Eastern Orthodox Church she is recognised as the Great Martyr Anastasia, the Deliverer from Potions.

She is one of only seven women, not including the Virgin Mary, who are commemorated by name in the Canon of the Mass. Her feast day is December 25th.

Anastasia Nikolaevna Romanov, on the other hand, was the fourth and youngest daughter of Tsar Nicholas II and Tsarina Alexandra. She was born on June 18th 1901 at Peterhof Palace and was murdered along with the rest of her family in the basement of Ipatiev House in Yekaterinburg in the early hours of July 17, 1918.

In the year 2000, Anastasia Romanov and her family were canonized as passion bearers by the Russian Orthdox Church. However, they were later canonized as saints, so technically, Anastasia IS a Saint, but in the Russian Orthodox Church.

The Roman Empire was not split. The emperor Diocletian formed a co-emperorship which historians call the tetrarchy (rule by four) where power was shared among two senior emperors (Augusti) and two junior emperors (Caesars). He also designated an imperial seat for each of the emperors. They were Nicomedia (modern Izmit, in north-western Turkey), Mediolanum (modern Milan, in northern Italy), Sirmium (modern Sremska Mitrovica, in Serbia) and Augusta Treverorum (modern Trier, in Germany).

The tetrarchy did not last long. Constantine the Great became sole emperor by winning two civil wars. He designated Byzantium as his imperial seat, redeveloped and renamed it Constantinople (City of Constantine). Not long after that the Valentinian dynasty created a co-emperorship with an emperor in charge of the east and one in charge of the west. The imperial seats were Constantinople and Milan. In 402 the imperial seat in the west was moved to Ravenna, also in northern Italy.

Rome had already ceased to be the capital of the empire under Diocletian, Constantine's predecessor. He created the tetrarchy (rule by four) which was a co-emeperorship with two senior emperors (Augusti) and two junior ones (Caesars). Each emperor had an imperial seat. The four capitals were: Nicomedia(modern Izmit in north-western Turkey) f Sirmium(modern Sremska Mitrovica, near Belgrade, in Serbia) Mediolanum(modern Milan in Italy) and AugustaTrevorum(modern Triers in Germany). What these cities had in common was that they were close or relatively close to the frontiers of the empire. The empire had been attacked many times and the purpose of having the capitals close to the frontiers was to improve their defence. Rome was too far from the frontiers. Constantine ended the tetrarchy and become the sole emperor by winning two civil wars. He decided to have his own imperial seat and designated Byzantium for this, He redeveloped it and renamed it after himself - Constantinople means city of Constantine.Constantinople was only some sixty miles west of Nicomedia.

The Roman Empire was not divided. Eastern Roman Empire and Western Roman Empire are terms which have been coined by historians. The Romans did not use them and only said Roman Empire. The emperor Diocletian created a tetrarchy (rule by four) with two senior emperors and two junior emperors and four imperial capitals: Nicomedia (in north-western Turkey), Milan (in Italy, Sirmium (modern Sremska Mitrovica in Serbia) and Augusta Treverorum (modern Trier, in Germany). Nicomedia and Milan were the seats of the senior emperors who were in charge of the eastern and western part of the empire respectively. Rome remained the seat of the senate.

With the rule of Constantine the Great, Sirmium and Augusta Treverorum stopped being capitals. Milan continued to be the capital of the west. Constantine moved the capital of the east from Nicomedia to Byzantium, which was only 69 miles further west, and he redeveloped it and renamed it Constantinople (City of Constantine). Constantine also created a senate in Constantinople as well.

The above developments did not change the cultural makeup of the two parts of the empire. They had different ethnic make-ups. The eastern part already had a predominantly Greek character. This was because before the Roman conquest, the Greeks had conquered the eastern Mediterranean and created three Greek-ruled states there: Pergamon in western turkey, the Seleucid Empire which was centred on Syria and the Ptolemaic Kingdom in Egypt. Greek was already the lingua franca in the area. There were already important Greek cities in the area. Alexandria of Egypt and Antioch (in Syria) were already the second and third largest cities in the whole empire and Pergamon, Syrmia and Ephesus (in western Turkey) were already the next biggest cities in the empire.

Constantine favoured Christianity and this helped this religion to become a prominent religion in the empire. This probably accentuated the difference which already existed between Latin or Western Christianity and Greek or Eastern Christianity, which were the main forms of Christianity in the west and the east respectively. Later they came to be called Catholic and Orthodox respectively. The period after Constantine also saw an increase in Greek writings, particularly Christian ones.

Diocletian created four new imperial capitals. He designated Nicomedia (in north-western Turkey) as an imperial capital in the eastern part of the Roman Empire and Milan an imperial capital in the western part of the empire. This was because he created a co-emperorship with his fellow general Maximian. Diocletian took charge if the eastern regions and Maximian took charge of the western ones. Diocletian then designated two further imperial capitals, Augusta Treverorum(modern Trier, in present day Germany) and Sirmium (in present day Serbia). This was because he also appointed two junior emperors (Caesars), Galerius and Constantius Chlorus, who were subordinates of Diocletian and Maximian respectively, who became senior emperors (Augusti). Galerius took charge of the Balkan Peninsulas (except for Thrace) and Constantius took charge of Gaul, Britannia and Hispania. This system was called the tetrarchy (rule by four) which was aimed at improving imperial control over the empire. Rome ceased to be the capital. The new capitals were closer to the frontiers which needed to be defended.

In 133 BC the Roman Empire was still in the early part of its expansion. It only comprised Italy, Dalmatia, part of Spain, Tunisia, western Libya, Greece and part of western Turkey. Most of Rome's imperial expansion occurred after 133 BC. Therefore, there were a great many cities which later became part of the Roman Empire which were not part of it at that time. These included the three biggest cities after Rome, Alexandria, Antioch, (Roman) Carthage, Constantinople (later Empire) and other important cities in Gaul, Lugdunum (Lyons), Burdigala (Bordeaux), and Bononia/Portus Itius and (Boulogne); Spain, Tarraco (Taragona), Cartago (Cartagena) and Ilerda (Ilerda); Britain Londinium (London) Camulodunum (Colchester),Verulamium (St Albans) and Eburacum (York); Germany, Augusta Treivorum (Treir), Colonia Agrippinensium (Cologne) and Augusta Vindelilicorum (Augsburg); Austria, Vindobona (Vienna); Croatia, Spalatum (Split); Serbia, Sirmium (Sremska Mitrovica) and Naissus (Niš); Romania, Colonia Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegethusa (ruins); Bulgaria, Serdica (Sophia); Albania Dyrrachium (Durres); Algeria, Hippo Regius (Annaba); Tunisia, Taparura (Sfax); Libya, Leptis Magna (ruins) and Cyrene (Shahhat), etc

There is no patron saint of knitting. However, there are a number of patrons of weaving:

Patrons of weavers
Anastasia
Anastasius the Fuller
Anthony Mary Claret
Benno
Crispian
Crispin
Maurice
Onuphrius
Parasceva
Paul the Hermit
Radegunde
Severus of Avranches
Ulric

Emperor Diocletian created a tetrarchy (rule by four). He was a senior emperor with fellow general Maximian who was his co-emperor. Maximian was senior emperor in the west and Diocletian was senior emperor in the east. Two junior emperors were also appointed. They were subordinate to the senior emperors and took charge of areas of the frontiers which were under the greatest pressure from attacks from outside, the river Rhine in the west and the river Danube in the east. The four units were administrative units of a single empire. Diocletian stressed that the empire was indivisible. The arrangement was designed to improve the defence of the vast frontiers of the empire which were constantly attacked.

Four imperial capitals were created: Milan as the capital in the west, Nicomedia (in northwestern Turkey) as the capital of the east, Augusta Trevorum (Triers in Germany near the river Rhine) as the capital of the junior emperor who was responsible for Gaul, Spain and Britain and Sirmium (near Belgrade on the river Danube) as the capital of the junior emperor who was responsible for southeastern Europe. Maximian took charge of Italy and Africa and Diocletian took charge of Asia and Egypt. The new capitals were closer to the frontiers to be defended than Rome, which became only the nominal capital of the empire.

The patron saints of widows are:

Adelaide of Burgundy

Anastasia of Sirmium

Angela of Foligno

Anne Line

Bathild

Bridget of Sweden

Blaesilla

Castora Gabrielli

Catherine of Genoa

Clotilde

Dorothy of Montau

Elizabeth of Hungary

Elizabeth of Portugal

Elizabeth Ann Seton

Etheldreda

Fabiola of Rome

Felicity of Rome

Frances of Rome

Gertrude of Nivelles

Hedwig of Andechs

Helen del Cavalcanti

Helen of Skofde

Ida of Boulogne

Ida of Herzfeld

Ivetta of Huy

Jeanne de Chantal

Jeanne de Lestonnac

Jeanne Marie de Maille

Joaquina Vedruna de Mas

Julitta of Iconium

Lea of Rome

Louise de Marillac

Lucy de Freitas

Ludmila

Macrina the Elder

Margaret of Scotland

Margaret the Barefooted

Marguerite d'Youville

Marie of the Incarnation

Matilda

Michelina of Persaro

Monica

Olga of Kiev

Paula of Rome

Pharaildis of Ghent

Rita of Cascia

No emperor decided to spit the empire into two parts. The empire was never divided.

Emperor Diocletian created a tetrarchy (rule by four). He was a senior emperor with fellow general Maximian who was his co-emperor. Maximian was senior emperor in the west and Diocletian was senior emperor in the east. Two junior emperors were also appointed. They were subordinate to the senior emperors and took charge of areas of the frontiers which were under the greatest pressure from attacks from outside, the river Rhine in the west and the river Danube in the east. The four units were administrative units of a single empire. Diocletian stressed that the empire was indivisible. Eastern and Western Roman Empire are terms coined by historians. The Romans had only one term: Roman Empire. The arrangement was designed to improve the defence of the vast frontiers of the empire which were constantly attacked.

Four imperial capitals were created: Milan as the capital in the west, Nicomedia (in northwestern Turkey) as the capital of the east, Augusta Trevorum (Triers in Germany near the river Rhine) as the capital of the junior emperor who was responsible for Gaul, Spain and Britain and Sirmium (near Belgrade on the river Danube) as the capital of the junior emperor who was responsible for southeastern Europe. Maximian took charge of Italy and Africa and Diocletian took charge of Asia and Egypt.

Constantine ended the the tetrarchy (rule by four), which had been created by his predecessor, Diocletian, whereby the empire had been ruled by four co-emperors, by winning two civil wars and becoming the sole emperor. He designated Byzantium as his imperial capital, redeveloped and renamed it, Constantinople after himself (it means city of Constantine). Under Diocletian there were four capitals: Nicomedia (in the northeast what is now Turkey), Milan (in Italy), Sirmium (in Serbia) and Augusta Trevorum (in south-western Germany). Rome had ceased to be the capital of the empire.

Apart from ending the tetrarchy, Constantine did not make any other changes in the administrative policies of Diocletian. He retained the four highest subdivisions of the empire (the praetorian provinces) and the twelve intermediate ones (the dioceses) and the number of provinces, which had been doubled by making the previous ones smaller.

Constantine and the co-emperor Licinius issued the Edit of Milan, which completed the end of the great persecution of Christians which had be decreed by the Edict of Toleration the emperor Galerius had issued two years earlier.He also pursued policies which favoured the Christians. The built Christian churches, promoted Christians in the imperial bureaucracy and convened synods and ecumenical council to try to resolve disputed between Christian doctrines.

The Western Roman Empire was quickly declining and sinking into the 'dark ages'. In 331AD Emperor Constantine moved the Capital from the city of Rome to the city of Byzantium and renamed it Constantinople. Constantinople geographic location gave it supreme strategi placement and incredible amounts of wealth. It was situated in the center of what remained of the Roman Empire which also made it very appealing.

Diocletian tried price controls and dividing the empire in an effort to reform but these measures only worked for a brief time.

Diocletian at first created the diarchy (rule by two) by appointing Maximian as co-emperor, but as a junior, to take care of the western regions while he took charge of the eastern regions. Then he created the tetrarchy (rule by four). Maximian was promoted to senior (augustus) and two juniors (caesars) were appointed. Constantius Florus helped Maximian in the west by taking care of Gallia (Gaul), Britannia (Britain) and Hispania (Spain). Galerius helped Diocletian in the east by taking care of the Illyrian provinces (Austria + the Balkans except the lower Danube-Thrace). The empire had four capitals, Nicodemia (Izmit, Turkey), Mediolanum (Milan), Augusta Trevorum (Trier, Germany) and Sirmium (near Belgrade) which were the seats of, respectively, Diocletian, Maximian, Constantius, and Galerius.

Diocletian also created an autocracy by relying on a greatly expanded bureaucracy under his control that took over most state functions. He doubled the number of provinces (from 50 to almost 100) and grouped them into 12 dioceses headed by a vicarius, an official appointed by him. This weakened the governors who now administered much smaller provinces and were deprived of their judicial and military functions which were taken over by the vicarii and the duces (exclusively military officers) respectively.

Diocletian did not need to save the Roman Empire. The empire had already been saved earlier by Aurelian who defeated various peoples who were invading it (the Goths, Vandals, Juthungi, Sarmatians, and Carpi) and reunited it by defeating two breakaway parts of the empire: Palmyrene Empire and the Gallic Empire.

Diocletian realised that one man could not rule the Roman Empire on his own. There were conflicts in virtually every province of the empire. Therefore, he created what historians have called the tetrarchy (rule by four). In 285 he created a co-emperorship with himself in charge of the eastern part of the empire and his fellow general Maximian in charge of the western part. He designated Nicomedia (in north-western Turkey) as the imperial capital of the eastern part and Milan (in northern Italy) as the imperial capital of the western part. In 293 Diocletian appointed two junior emperors (Caesars) who were subordinates of the two senior ones (Augusti). Constantius was put in charge of Gaul (in the western part of the empire) and Galerius was put in charge European territories in the eastern part of the empire (the Balkan Peninsula). With this arrangement Diocletian was in Charge of the Roman territories in Asia and Egypt and eastern Libya and Maximian was in charge of Italy, Spain and Portugal and north-western Africa. The task of the two junior emperors was to defend the most troubled parts of the Roman frontiers: the river Rhine in the west and the river Danube in the east. Augusta Trevorum (Triers) in Gaul and Sirmium (Sremska Mitrovica) in Serbia were also designated as imperial capitals as the seats of the two Caesars.

It is sometimes said that the emperor Diocletian split the Roman Empire into an eastern and a western half. This is wrong. The empire was never split. The terms Eastern Western Empire and Western Roman Empire have been coined by historians. The Romans did not use them. They only had one term: Roman Empire. Diocletian created four main administrative subdivisions (not two) when he created what historians have called the tetrarchy (rule by four). These were the four praetorian prefectures.

Diocletian appointed fellow general Maximian as co-emperor in 285. Maximian took overall control of the western part of the empire, while Diocletian took overall control of the eastern part. Then these two men became senior emperors (Augusti) with the creation, in 293, of two junior emperors (Caesars) who were subordinates of the Augusti. The Caesars were Constantius and Galerius. One of the tasks of the Caesars was to defend the troubled frontiers along the rivers Rhine and Danube respectively. Two of these men were in the west and two were in the east. Diocletian also designated four cites as imperial capitals: Nicomedia (north-western Turkey) was the capital of the praetorian prefectures of Oriens ( the territories in Asia and Egypt) Milan (in northern Italy) was the capital of the praetorian prefecture of Italia et Africa (Italy and north-western Africa), Augusta Trevorum (in south-western Germany) was the capital of the praetorian prefecture of Galliae (Gaul, Britannia and Hispania and Sirmium (in Serbia) was the capital of the praetorian prefecture of Illyricum (most of south-eastern Europe).

The Roman Empire was never divided into two parts. Western Roman Empire and Eastern Roman Empire are terms which have been coined by historians. The Romans had only one term: Roman Empire.

The emperor Diocletian created the tetrarchy (rule by four) which had two senior emperors and two junior ones. Diocletian subdivided the empire into four praetorian prefectures which were the main administrative units of a sole empire. Each of the four emperors was in charge of one of the praetorian prefectures and was given an imperial sea. Therefore, there were four "capitals": Nicomedia (modern Izmit in north-western Turkey), Sirmium (modern Sremska Mitrovica in Serbia), Mediolanum (modern Milan in Italy) and Augusta Trevorum (modern Triers in Germany). Rome ceased to be the capital of the Roman Empire.

Constantine the Great brought the tetrarchy to an end by winning two civil wars and became the sole emperor. He decided to mark this by establishing his own imperial seat. He redeveloped Byzantium and renamed it after himself: Constantinople (which means city of Constantine). Later, Valentinian I decided to share power with his brother Valens. The two brothers became co-emperors with Valens in charge of the west and with Milan as his imperial seat, and Valens in charge of the east with Constantinople as his imperial seat. However, this was not a division of the empire. The Roman Empire had had alternations between periods of co-emperorship (with two emperors who were either father and son or brothers) and periods of sole emperorship for 113 years by then.

Constantine the Great did not found New Rome. This was one of the titles which was given to the city of Constantinople.

Ancient historians did not actually clarify why Constantine the Great moved the capital of the eastern part of the Roman Empire from Nicomedia (in north-western Turkey) to the nearby Greek city of Byzantium, which he redeveloped and renamed Constantinople (City of Constantine) in 330. One reason might have been that Nicomedia had been designated as the imperial capital of the eastern part of the Roman Empire by the emperor Diocletian who had unleashed the Great Persecution of Christians.

A highly likely reason was propaganda, which Constantine was very good at. He even invented a fictitious descent from the family of a previous emperor to give legitimacy to his quest for power. A new capital named after himself would give him further prestige and act as a symbol of the new dawn for the empire his rule would usher in. The city was also given titles such as "The New, second Rome,' 'Eastern Rome,' 'Alma Roma,' and 'Roma Constantinopolitana.' Byzantium has seven hills like Rome. This created a similarity with Rome and justified the titles mentioned above.

Originally Constantine considered Sirmium (in modern day Serbia) for his new capital. Then he opted for Byzantium. Other factors may have helped this choice. This city was on the route between Europe and Asia like Nicomedia, but it was in a better strategic position. The roads from south-western Europe to Asia converged there. It was on the Bosporus, the strait between Europe and Asia, and between the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. Therefore, it also controlled the naval route between these two seas. It was also a city easy to defend. It was on a promontory into the Bosporus. Therefore, it had water on two sides. The Golden Horn, an inlet of the Bosporus meant that there was water on the third side as well. The hilly terrain helped to defend the part of the city which was not on the seafront or by the Golden Horn.

Ancient historians did not It actually clarified why Constantine the Great moved the capital of the eastern part of the Roman empire from Nicomedia (in north-western Turkey) to the nearby Byzantium. One reason might have been that Nicomedia had been designated as the capital of the eastern part of the Roman Empire by the emperor Diocletian who had unleashed the Great Persecution of Christians. A highly likely reason was propaganda, which Constantine was very good at. He even invented a fictitious descent from the family of a previous emperor. A new capital named after himself would give him further prestige and act as a symbol of the new dawn for the empire his rule would usher in. Constantine redeveloped the Greek city of Byzantium and renamed it Constantinople (which means the city of Constantine) in 330. The city was also given titles such as "The New, second Rome,' 'Eastern Rome,' 'Alma Roma,' and 'Roma Constantinopolitana.'

Originally Constantine considered Sirmium (in modern day Serbia) for his new capital. Then he opted for Byzantium. This city was on the route between Europe and Asia like Nicomedia, but it was in a better strategic position. The roads from southwestern Europe to Asia converged there. It was on the Bosphorus the strait between Europe and Asia and between the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. Therefore, it also controlled the naval route between these two seas. It was also a city easy to defend. It was on a promontory into the Bosporus. Therefore, it had water on two sides. The Golden Horn, an inlet of the Bosporus meant that there was water on the third side as well.

Another factor was that Byzantium has seven hills like Rome. This created a similarity with Rome and helped to justify the tiles mentioned above.

Well, there were many. The most famous one is of course Rome, which was the capital until the fourth century, then for the whole fourth century Milan was the new capital, followed by Ravenna in 402 AD, and so on.

Constantine moved the capital of the eastern part of the Roman Empire from Nicomedia (in northwestern Turkey) to the nearby Byzantium, which he redeveloped, renamed Constantinople (city of Constantine) and inaugurated in 330. This new capital was given titles such as "The New, second Rome,' 'Eastern Rome,' 'Alma Roma,' and 'Roma Constantinopolitana.' Propaganda-wise the new capital symbolised the new dawn of the Roman Empire which Constantine rule would usher in.

Ancient historians did not actually clarify why Constantine the Great moved the capital of the eastern part of the Roman Empire from Nicomedia (in north-western Turkey) to the nearby Byzantium. One reason might have been that Nicomedia had been designated as the capital of the eastern part of the Roman Empire by the emperor Diocletian who had unleashed the Great Persecution of Christians.

A highly likely reason was propaganda, which Constantine was very good at. He even invented a fictitious descent from the family of a previous emperor.to give legitimacy to his quest for power. A new capital named after himself would give him further prestige and act as a symbol of the new dawn for the empire his rule would usher in. Constantine redeveloped the Greek city of Byzantium and renamed it Constantinople (which means the city of Constantine) in 330. The city was also given titles such as "The New, second Rome,' 'Eastern Rome,' 'Alma Roma,' and 'Roma Constantinopolitana.' Byzantium has seven hills like Rome. This created a similarity with Rome and justified the titles mentioned above.

Originally Constantine considered Sirmium (in modern day Serbia) for his new capital. Then he opted for Byzantium. Other factors may have helped this choice. This city was on the route between Europe and Asia like Nicomedia, but it was in a better strategic position. The roads from south-western Europe to Asia converged there. It was on the Bosporus, the strait between Europe and Asia, and between the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. Therefore, it also controlled the naval route between these two seas. It was also a city easy to defend. It was on a promontory into the Bosporus. Therefore, it had water on two sides. The Golden Horn, an inlet of the Bosporus meant that there was water on the third side as well. The hilly terrain helped to defend the part of the city which was not on the seafront or by the Golden Horn.

.

Diocletian did not divide the Roman Empire into two parts, a western and an eastern one. No one ever divided this empire into an eastern and a western part.

Diocletian thoroughly restructured the administrative system of the empire. He:

1) Created the tetrarchy (rule by four), a co-emperorship with two senior emperors (Augusti) and two junior emperors (Caesars). The Augusti were in charge of the eastern and western part of the empire respectively. Each Caesar were subordinated to one of the two Augusti. The four emperors were in charge of one of the four main administrative units of the empire Diocletian created, the praetorian prefectures. They were Galliae (Gaul, Britannia and Hispania), Italia et Africa (Italy, Switzerland, and northwestern Africa). Illyricum (Austria and most of the Balkan Peninsula), and Oriens (Thrace,which was the southeastern part of the Balkans, the territories in Asia, Egypt and eastern Libya).

2) Created four imperial capitals, one for each of the emperors and each of the praetorian prefectures: Nicomedia (modern Izmit, northwestern Turkey) for Oriens, Sirmium (Sremska Mitrovica near Belgrade, Serbia) for Illyricum, Milan (in northern Italy) for Italia et Africa and Augusta Treverorum (Trier in Germany, close to the border with Luxembourg) for Galliae.

3) Decreased the size of the Roman provinces and doubled their number to decrease the power of the provincial governors and the possibility of local usurpations.

4) Grouped the provinces into twelve dioceses which were an intermediate administrative layer between the provinces and the praetorian prefectures. They were headed by a vicarius, who was a "deputy of the praetorian prefects" (or, in Diocletian's time, deputies of the emperors). The governor's main function was reduced to presiding over the lower courts, while the vicarius presided over the higher courts. Tax collection was shared between the vicarius and the governor.

5) Separated civilian and military authority. Previously the governors were also the military commanders in the provinces. Military command was given to duces (dukes) who sometimes commanded the forces of two or three of the new provinces.

Constantine moved the capital of the eastern part of the Roman Empire from Nicomedia (in northwestern Turkey) to the nearby Byzantium, which he redeveloped, renamed Constantinople (city of Constantine) and inaugurated in 330. This new capital was given titles such as "The New, second Rome,' 'Eastern Rome,' 'Alma Roma,' and 'Roma Constantinopolitana.' Propaganda-wise the new capital symbolised the new dawn of the Roman Empire which Constantine rule would usher in.

Ancient historians did not actually clarify why Constantine the Great moved the capital of the eastern part of the Roman Empire from Nicomedia (in north-western Turkey) to the nearby Byzantium. One reason might have been that Nicomedia had been designated as the capital of the eastern part of the Roman Empire by the emperor Diocletian who had unleashed the Great Persecution of Christians.

A highly likely reason was propaganda, which Constantine was very good at. He even invented a fictitious descent from the family of a previous emperor.to give legitimacy to his quest for power. A new capital named after himself would give him further prestige and act as a symbol of the new dawn for the empire his rule would usher in. Constantine redeveloped the Greek city of Byzantium and renamed it Constantinople (which means the city of Constantine) in 330. The city was also given titles such as "The New, second Rome,' 'Eastern Rome,' 'Alma Roma,' and 'Roma Constantinopolitana.' Byzantium has seven hills like Rome. This created a similarity with Rome and justified the titles mentioned above.

Originally Constantine considered Sirmium (in modern day Serbia) for his new capital. Then he opted for Byzantium. Other factors may have helped this choice. This city was on the route between Europe and Asia like Nicomedia, but it was in a better strategic position. The roads from south-Western Europe to Asia converged there. It was on the Bosporus, the strait between Europe and Asia, and between the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. Therefore, it also controlled the naval route between these two seas. It was also a city easy to defend. It was on a promontory into the Bosporus. Therefore, it had water on two sides. The Golden Horn, an inlet of the Bosporus meant that there was water on the third side as well. The hilly terrain helped to defend the part of the city which was not on the seafront or by the Golden Horn.

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Conctantine did not move the capital in 325. Constantinople was inaugurated in 330.

Constantine I (or the Great) did not move the capital of the Roman Empire form Rome to Constantinople. Rome had already ceased to be the capital of the empire under a previous emperor, Diocletian. Diocletian had designated Nicomedia (in north-western Turkey) as the imperial capital of the eastern part of the Roman Empire and Milan (in Italy) as the imperial capital of the western part of the western part of the empire. What Constantine did was basically to move the imperial capital from Nicomedia to the nearby Byzantium (69 miles to its west), which he redeveloped, renamed Constantinople (city of Constantine) and inaugurated in 330.

Ancient historians did not actually clarify why Constantine did this. One reason might have been that Nicomedia was associated with Diocletian who had unleashed the Great Persecution of Christians.

A highly likely reason was propaganda, which Constantine was very good at. He even invented a fictitious descent from the family of a previous emperor to give legitimacy to his quest for power. A new capital named after himself would give him further prestige and act as a symbol of the new dawn for the empire his rule would usher in. Besides being named after Constantine, the city was also given titles such as "The New, Second Rome,' 'Eastern Rome,' 'Alma Roma,' and 'Roma Constantinopolitana.' Moreover, Byzantium had seven hills like Rome. This created a similarity with Rome and justified the titles mentioned above.

Originally Constantine considered Sirmium (in modern day Serbia) for his new capital. Then he opted for Byzantium. Various factors may have helped this choice. This city was on the route between Europe and Asia like Nicomedia, but it was in a better strategic position. The roads from south-western Europe to Asia converged there. It was on the Bosporus, the strait between Europe and Asia, and between the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. Therefore, it also controlled the naval route between these two seas. It was also easy to defend. It was on a promontory into the Bosporus. Therefore, it had water on three sides. The Golden Horn, an inlet of the Bosporus, provided a coast which went deeper inland on the northern side and, equally importantly, a very good harbour. The hilly terrain helped to defend the part of the city which was not on the seafront or by the Golden Horn.

The Roman Empire was never split. Eastern and Western Roman Empire are terms which have been invented by historians. The Romans had only one term: Roman Empire.

Diocletian created a co-emperorship with himself in charge of the eastern part and his fellow general Maximian in charge of the western part. He also established Milan as the imperial capital in the west and Nicomedia, in northwestern Turkey, as the imperial capital in the east (Constantine I then moved this capital to the nearby Constantinople). He did this to share the responsibility of defending the vast frontiers of the empire which were under constant attack at very distant points and improve the efficiency of this defence. The new imperial capitals were closer to the frontiers than Rome. Diocletian stressed that the empire was indivisible.

What Diocletian did was not totally new. There had already been periods of co-emperorship previously. There had been emperors who had shared the title with their sons, with one taking charge of the east and the other in charge of the west. The purpose of this was the same: improving the defence of the frontiers. Diocletian added new imperial capitals

After Diocletian there were alternations of periods of co-emperorships and periods with a sole emperor. The latter shows clearly that the empire was not split.