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OSPF is a link-state routing protocol.
1 answer
It looks for the quickest way to the destination by continuing on the shortest path
1 answer
Best Path Algorithm, also known as Path-Vector Routing
Internetworking with Cisco and Microsoft Technologies pg. 297
If you are in net+ 3rd edition like me, I do not belive this protocol is mention which leads me to believe the answer we are looking for in the study guide is Distance Vector, since BGP is a distance vector protocol. It can only be one of two in this case afaik, distance vector or Link State. :)
1 answer
Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is a way to transfer data and information between different hosts such the Internet or routers. It is commonly used between Internet Service Providers (ISPs).
2 answers
Enhanced Interior Gateway Protocol It is a Cisco proprietary protocol. It uses bandwidth and delay by default to calculate the best path. It can also use load and delay, but these are usually not used. It is a distance vector routing protocol. It keeps a topology map, but it is only similar to the topology map of link state routing protocols.
1 answer
This distance-vector algorithm works by computing the shortest path , and considers weights. The algorithm was distributed widely in the RIP protocol.
1 answer
OSPF stands for open shortest path first. OSPF is an exterior routing protocol. OSPF uses Path vector routing algorithm.
2 answers
#include
#include
#include
#include
using namespace std;
vector<int> procedure_1(vector< vector<int> > graph, vector<int> path);
vector<int> procedure_2(vector< vector<int> > graph, vector<int> path);
vector<int> procedure_2b(vector< vector<int> > graph, vector<int> path);
vector<int> procedure_2c(vector< vector<int> > graph, vector<int> path);
vector<int> procedure_3(vector< vector<int> > graph, vector<int> path);
vector<int> sort(vector
vector
reindex(vector
ifstream infile ("graph.txt"); //Input file
ofstream outfile("paths.txt"); //Output file
int main()
{
int i, j, k, n, vertex, edge;
infile>>n; //Read number of vertices
vector< vector<int> > graph; //Read adjacency matrix of graph
for(i=0; i
{
vector<int> row;
for(j=0; j
{
infile>>edge;
row.push_back(edge);
}
graph.push_back(row);
}
vector<int> index=sort(graph);
graph=reindex(graph,index);
for(vertex=0; vertex
{
vector<int> path;
path.push_back(vertex); //Select initial vertex
path=procedure_1(graph,path); //Part I
path=procedure_2(graph,path); //Part II
k=path.size();
if(k
if(k
if(k
else outfile<<"Hamiltonian Tour: ";//Part III
for(i=0; i
outfile<
if(k==n)
{
vector<int> circuit_maker=procedure_3(graph,path);
if(!circuit_maker.empty())
{
for(j=0; j
{
outfile<<"Hamiltonian Circuit:\t";
for(k=0; k<=circuit_maker[j]; k++)
outfile<
for(k=n-1; k>circuit_maker[j]; k--)
outfile<
outfile<
}
}
outfile<
}
}
cout<<"See paths.txt for results."<
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
vector<int> procedure_1(vector< vector<int> > graph, vector<int> path)
{
int i, j, k, n=graph.size();
vector<int> extended_path;
vector<int> visited;
for(i=0; i
visited.push_back(0);
int present;
for(i=0; i
{
present=path[i];
visited[present]=1;
extended_path.push_back(present);
}
for(k=0; k
{
vector<int> neighbor;
for(i=0; i
if(graph[present][i]==1 && visited[i]==0)
neighbor.push_back(i);
if(!neighbor.empty())
{
int choice=neighbor[0];
int minimum=n;
for(i=0; i
{
vector<int> next_neighbor;
for(j=0; j
if(graph[neighbor[i]][j]==1 && visited[j]==0)
next_neighbor.push_back(j);
int eta=next_neighbor.size();
if(eta
{
choice=neighbor[i];
minimum=eta;
}
}
present=choice;
visited[present]=1;
extended_path.push_back(present);
}
else break;
}
return extended_path;
}
vector<int> procedure_2(vector< vector<int> > graph, vector<int> path)
{
int i, j, k, n=graph.size();
bool quit=false;
while(quit!=true)
{
int m=path.size(), inlet=-1, outlet=-1;
vector<int> neighbor;
for(i=0; i
if(graph[path[m-1]][path[i]]==1) neighbor.push_back(i);
vector<int> unvisited;
for(i=0; i
{
bool outside=true;
for(j=0; j
if(i==path[j]) outside=false;
if(outside==true) unvisited.push_back(i);
}
if((!unvisited.empty()) && (!neighbor.empty()))
{
int maximum=0;
for(i=0; i
for(j=0; j
if(graph[path[neighbor[i]+1]][unvisited[j]]==1)
{
vector<int> next_neighbor;
for(k=0; k
if(graph[unvisited[j]][unvisited[k]]==1)
next_neighbor.push_back(unvisited[k]);
int eta=next_neighbor.size();
if(eta>=maximum)
{
inlet=neighbor[i];
outlet=unvisited[j];
maximum=eta;
}
}
}
vector<int> extended_path;
if(inlet!=-1 && outlet!=-1)
{
for(i=0; i<=inlet; i++)
extended_path.push_back(path[i]);
for(i=path.size()-1; i>inlet; i--)
extended_path.push_back(path[i]);
extended_path.push_back(outlet);
}
if(!extended_path.empty()) path=extended_path;
if(m
else quit=true;
}
return path;
}
vector<int> procedure_2b(vector< vector<int> > graph, vector<int> path)
{
int i, j, k, l, p, n=graph.size();
bool quit=false;
while(quit!=true)
{
vector<int> extended_path;
int m=path.size();
vector<int> unvisited;
for(i=0; i
{
bool outside=true;
for(j=0; j
if(i==path[j]) outside=false;
if(outside==true) unvisited.push_back(i);
}
bool big_check=false;
for(i=0; i
{
for(j=0; j
{
if(graph[unvisited[j]][path[i]]==1)
{
vector<int> temp_path;
temp_path.push_back(unvisited[j]);
vector<int> temp_extended_path;
vector<int> temp_visited;
for(l=0; l
temp_visited.push_back(0);
int present;
for(l=0; l
{
present=temp_path[l];
temp_visited[present]=1;
temp_extended_path.push_back(present);
}
for(l=0; l
{
bool unfound=true;
for(k=0; k
if(l==unvisited[k]) unfound=false;
if(unfound==true) temp_visited[l]=1;
}
for(l=0; l
{
vector<int> neighbor;
for(l=0; l
if(graph[present][l]==1 && temp_visited[l]==0)
neighbor.push_back(l);
if(!neighbor.empty())
{
int choice=neighbor[0];
int minimum=n;
for(l=0; l
{
vector<int> next_neighbor;
for(k=0; k
if(graph[neighbor[l]][k]==1 && temp_visited[k]==0)
next_neighbor.push_back(k);
int eta=next_neighbor.size();
if(eta
{
choice=neighbor[l];
minimum=eta;
}
}
present=choice;
temp_visited[present]=1;
temp_extended_path.push_back(present);
}
else break;
}
intlast_vertex=temp_extended_path[temp_extended_path.size()-1];
int vj;
bool check=false;
while(check==false && !temp_extended_path.empty())
{
for(p=path.size()-2; p>i; p--)
{
if(graph[path[p]][last_vertex]==1
&& graph[path[i+1]][path[p+1]]==1)
{
check=true;
vj=p;
break;
}
}
if(check==false)
{
temp_extended_path.pop_back();
last_vertex=temp_extended_path[temp_extended_path.size()-1];
}
}
if(check==true)
{
vector<int> temp;
for(p=0; p<=i; p++)
temp.push_back(path[p]);
for(p=0; p
temp.push_back(temp_extended_path[p]);
for(p=vj; p>i; p--)
temp.push_back(path[p]);
for(p=vj+1; p
temp.push_back(path[p]);
temp_extended_path=temp;
big_check=true;
extended_path=temp_extended_path;
}
}
}
if(big_check==true)
{
break;
}
}
if(!extended_path.empty()) path=extended_path;
if(m
{
path=procedure_1(graph,path);
path=procedure_2(graph,path);
}
else quit=true;
}
return path;
}
vector<int> procedure_2c(vector< vector<int> > graph, vector<int> path)
{
vector<int> reversed_path;
for(int i=path.size()-1; i>=0; i--) reversed_path.push_back(path[i]);
reversed_path=procedure_2b(graph,reversed_path);
return reversed_path;
}
vector<int> procedure_3(vector< vector<int> > graph, vector<int> path)
{
int i, n=path.size();
vector<int> circuit_maker;
for(i=0; i
if((graph[path[0]][path[i+1]]==1) && (graph[path[i]][path[n-1]]==1))
circuit_maker.push_back(i);
return circuit_maker;
}
vector<int> sort(vector
{
int i, j;
vector<int> degree;
for(i=0; i
{
int sum=0;
for(j=0; j
if(graph[i][j]==1) sum++;
degree.push_back(sum);
}
vector<int> index;
for(i=0; i
for(i=0; i
for(j=i+1; j
if(degree[i]
return index;
}
vector
reindex(vector
{
int i, j;
vector
for(i=0; i
for(j=0; j
temp[i][j]=graph[index[i]][index[j]];
return temp;
}
1 answer
Routing Information Protocol (RIP) and Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP) are two very popular Distance Vector routing protocols
4 answers
RTMP- Routing Table Maintenance Protocol.
1 answer
-1, 2
1 answer
In a distance vector routing protocol, such as RIP or EIGRP, each router sends its routing table to neighboring routers. The routers don't know the topology, i.e., how other routers are interconnected.
In a link state routing protocol, such as OSPF or IS-IS, routers first exchange information about connections within the network (or an area of the network), and build a topology table. Then each router uses Dijkstra's algorithm to calculate the best route to each destination.
8 answers
OSPF is a classless link-state routing protocol.
RIP version 1 and IGRP are both classful distance vector routing protocols, EIGRP is a hybrid protocol that supports classless addressing.
1 answer
It uses hop count in route selection.
It is a distance-vector protocol.
1 answer
The velocity vector of a particle is tangent to the path of the particle at any point. This is because velocity is a vector that points in the direction of motion of the particle at that particular instant.
2 answers
Which routing protocol depends on the DUAL algorithm to calculate the shortest path to a destination
1 answer
It is a vector whose magnitude is 1.
It is a vector whose magnitude is 1.
It is a vector whose magnitude is 1.
It is a vector whose magnitude is 1.
2 answers
OSPF, also known as Open Shortest Path First, is a routing protocol that uses a link-state for an IP or Internet Protocol. A situation it is used in would be an exterior gateway protocol.
1 answer
Distance Vector means that Routers are advertised as vector of distance and direction. 'Direction' is represented by next hop address and exit interface, whereas 'Distance' uses metrics such as hop count.
Routers using distance vector protocol do not have knowledge of the entire path to a destination. Instead DV uses two methods:
- Direction in which or interface to which a packet should be forwarded.
- Distance from its destination.
2 answers
Divergence: rate of spread of vector in free space for non closed path.
and
Curl: rate of spread of vector in free space for closed path.
1 answer
The reason RIP is called a distance-vector algorithm is because of the way it determines the "best path" from one route to another. This is accomplished by something called a "cost metric", meaning that the "cost" of a route determines whether a path is a better path than some other route.
A path may be more "costly" than another based on the distance it must travel, or the number of networks it must go through to reach the source. Since the cost metric is based primarily on distance and no other factors, it is known as a distance vector algorithm when determining route cost.
1 answer
Two Characteristics:
RIP is an example of distance vector routing protocols.
Updates are periodic and include the entire routing table
1 answer
If the sum of the squares of the vector's components is ' 1 ',
then the vector's magnitude is ' 1 '.
1 answer
Which two technologies can be used in distance vector routing protocols to prevent routing loops?
1 answer
to manage large scalable internetworks that routing information protocol couldn't scale
1 answer
shotrest path first calculation
2 answers
1) It is a distance vector routing protocol.
2) The data portion of a RIP message is encapsulated into a UDP segment.
1 answer
No, the vector (I j k) is not a unit vector. In the context of unit vectors, a unit vector has a magnitude of 1. The vector (I j k) does not have a magnitude of 1.
1 answer
v/ 26
1 answer
Distance Vector Protocol is a simple routing protocol.
It uses distance or hop count as the primary metric when determining the best forwarding path.
RIP, IGRP and EIGRP are examples
It dates back to the ARPAnet network in the early 1970
1 answer
A unit vector is a vector with a magnitude of 1, while a unit basis vector is a vector that is part of a set of vectors that form a basis for a vector space and has a magnitude of 1.
1 answer
HELLO, im a bus driver and i can say that the (FPA )flight path angle is the angle
Between the local horizontal and the local velocity vector ,
One can also support that is the angle between the local velocity vector and
The torque vector, torque being opposite to drag,
merci
1 answer
RIP (Routing Information Protocol) is a distance-vector routing protocol that uses hop count as its metric for path selection. RIP routers broadcast their entire routing table every 30 seconds as a broadcast. RIP is classified as a classful routing protocol, meaning it does not support the use of VLSM (Variable Length Subnet Masking) and requires all devices in a network to use the same subnet mask.
1 answer
If you plotted the original path and velocity, and the path and velocity of the 'impacting' force, then the third leg of the triangle will be the resultant path and velocity.
1 answer
A routing protocol is a formula that specifies how routers are communicating to each others. Types of routing protocols include Interior Gateway Protocol, Distance vector protocol and Classful or classless protocol. Routing protocols are required to determine the appropriate paths for data transmission.
1 answer
A unit vector is one which has a magnitude of 1 and is often indicated by putting a hat (or circumflex) on top of the vector symbol, for example: Unit Vector = â, â = 1.
The quantity â is read as "a hat" or "a unit".
1 answer
There are various protocols
ftp: file transfer protocol
smtp: simple mail transfer protocol
pop3: post office protocol
ip: internet protocol
tcp: transmission control protocol
ospf: open shortest path first
igrp: interior gateway routing protocol
eigrp: enhanced interior gateway routing protocol
rip: routing information protocol
http: hyper text transfer protocol
udp: user datagram protocol
icmp: internet control message protocol
1 answer
RIP v1 is a classfull distance vector protocol.
It send and receive v1 informations only
1 answer
The resultant vector of adding two vectors is a displacement vector, not a distance vector. Displacement is a change in position measured from the starting point to the end point, while distance is the total length of the path traveled.
1 answer
1.) Mesh topology:- Routing protocol such as RIP(routing information protocol) or OSPF (open shortest path protocol) is used.
2.) Star topology:- Ethernet, token ring, Local Talk, ATM........... all are used...
3.)Bus topology:- Ethernet protocol using CS-MA/CD as access method.....
1 answer
