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He is having a paroxysm of the malaria he had last week.

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Jarry use paroxysm in a sentence.\

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paroxysm: a sharp sudden attack of something like coughing, pain, or fear

She had a paroxysm of fear when she saw the rag in the dark and thought it was a rat.

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The young child had a paroxysm after being told he could not get the toy from the store.

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Each new paroxysm will bear a more severe and dangerous character.

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Paroxysm means sudden attack.

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Of the nature of a paroxysm; characterized or accompanied by paroxysms; as, a paroxysmal pain; paroxysmaltemper.

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The cast of Paroxysm - 2014 includes: Paul Dewdney as Dr. Moses

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The root words for "paroxysm" are "para-" meaning beyond or beside, and "-oxysm" meaning sharp or sudden.

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convulsion, fit

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peroxide, paroxysm, relaxant

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Words that rhyme with aneurysm include:

abysm

cataclysm

paroxysm

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shudder, contraction, tremor, seizure, paroxysm, ripple, twinge.

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Yes, paroxysm can refer to a sudden occurrence or intensification of a symptom like convulsion, seizure, or spasm. It is often used to describe a sudden and intense outburst or episode of a condition.

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Violent contest or striving., Pain so extreme as to cause writhing or contortions of the body, similar to those made in the athletic contests in Greece; and hence, extreme pain of mind or body; anguish; paroxysm of grief; specifically, the sufferings of Christ in the garden of Gethsemane., Paroxysm of joy; keen emotion., The last struggle of life; death struggle.

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fury, passion, rage, seizure, hysteria, paroxysm, derangement

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A paroxysm is a sudden recurrence or intensification of signs and symptoms of a disease. In the case of the respiratory system the bacterial infection is known as pertussis, or whooping cough.

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Episodic paroxysmal hemicrania (EPH), a more rare form of the disorder, is characterized by bouts of frequent, daily attacks with the same clinical features of CPH, but separated by relatively long periods without headache.

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A malarial paroxysm is a symptom of malaria that involves recurrent episodes of fever, chills, and sweating. It is caused by the release of merozoites into the bloodstream by the malaria parasites replicating inside red blood cells. These paroxysms typically occur in a cyclical pattern.

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eruption, dischargeaccess, backfire, bang, blast, blowout, blowup, burst, clap, combustion, concussion, crack, detonation, firing, fit, flare-up, fulmination, gust, ignition, outbreak, outburst, paroxysm, percussion, pop, report, roar, salvo

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According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 1 words with the pattern ----X--M. That is, eight letter words with 5th letter X and 8th letter M. In alphabetical order, they are:

paroxysm

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access, backfire, bang, blast, blowout, blowup, burst, clap, combustion, concussion, crack, detonation, firing, fit, flare-up, fulmination, gust, ignition, outbreak, outburst, paroxysm, percussion, pop, report, roar, salvo

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No, throes is a plural noun. It has no singular form.

Although it is usually seen as the plural throes, there is no reason why the singular throe, meaning a pang of pain or a paroxysm cannot be used.

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According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 1 words with the pattern ---O-Y-M. That is, eight letter words with 4th letter O and 6th letter Y and 8th letter M. In alphabetical order, they are:

paroxysm

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According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 11 words with the pattern --R-X---. That is, eight letter words with 3rd letter R and 5th letter X. In alphabetical order, they are:

apraxias

corixids

paraxial

paroxysm

peroxide

peroxids

pyrexial

pyrexias

pyroxene

pyroxyle

xeroxing

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According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 2 words with the pattern PA-O--S-. That is, eight letter words with 1st letter P and 2nd letter A and 4th letter O and 7th letter S. In alphabetical order, they are:

parodist

paroxysm

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A coming to, or near approach; admittance; admission; accessibility; as, to gain access to a prince., The means, place, or way by which a thing may be approached; passage way; as, the access is by a neck of land., Admission to sexual intercourse., Increase by something added; addition; as, an access of territory. [In this sense accession is more generally used.], An onset, attack, or fit of disease., A paroxysm; a fit of passion; an outburst; as, an access of fury.

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A coming to, or near approach; admittance; admission; accessibility; as, to gain access to a prince., The means, place, or way by which a thing may be approached; passage way; as, the access is by a neck of land., Admission to sexual intercourse., Increase by something added; addition; as, an access of territory. [In this sense accession is more generally used.], An onset, attack, or fit of disease., A paroxysm; a fit of passion; an outburst; as, an access of fury.

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This actually happened sometimes, although it was not widely discussed. Female patients of some British doctors were treated by "hysterical paroxysm", which is a fancy and deceptive term for "masturbation to orgasm". It was so much work to do that doctors of the late 1800s invented a mechanical device to make it easier; today, we call it a "vibrator", and virtually every woman has one. (And those who don't, should get one!)

No kidding!

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According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 6 words with the pattern P-RO-Y--. That is, eight letter words with 1st letter P and 3rd letter R and 4th letter O and 6th letter Y. In alphabetical order, they are:

paronyms

paronymy

paroxysm

pyrolyse

pyrolyze

pyroxyle

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Fit can have 2 meanings.

For the first meaning syn would include: adapt, shape, alter, adjust, suit, meet, match, belong to, appropriate, suitable, right, seemly, correspond to

For another meaning syn can include: seizure, attack, bout, spasm, convulsion, paroxysm, burst, outbreak, spell

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Hi... the world is definitely ending, and should be pretty much dust within the next five years or so. A lot of weird things have been happening for the past six months or so, and many scientists believe these problems are caused by the earth grinding to a halt in a final paroxysm of endingness (for lack of a better term)

But really, don't worry about it. The earth has ended several times in the past, but has, by reason of its incredible malleability, been able to completely recover.

There will be a few "shocking incidents" as this goes on, but don't worry about them - just move to a village out of the most intense bombing zones.

Above all, have fun. Life's too short to worry about routine planetary phases!

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In Thomas Mann's novella "The Transposed Heads," two friends' heads are accidentally switched by a god. They struggle with their physical transformation and the impact it has on their relationships and identities. The story explores themes of duality, identity, and the complexity of human nature.

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A coming to, or near approach; admittance; admission; accessibility; as, to gain access to a prince., The means, place, or way by which a thing may be approached; passage way; as, the access is by a neck of land., Admission to sexual intercourse., Increase by something added; addition; as, an access of territory. [In this sense accession is more generally used.], An onset, attack, or fit of disease., A paroxysm; a fit of passion; an outburst; as, an access of fury.

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On January 15, 1951, some residents noticed fresh landslides on the steep inner faces of the semi-circle of peaks. In the afternoon, a thin column of smoke was seen rising from base of the peaks. These phenomena increased a bit the next day. In the afternoon, Higaturu was shaken by a mild earthquake, the first of many that day. On January 17, the vapor plume was more vigorous and carried a little ash. Earthquakes occurred about every 7 minutes.Three days of tremor preceded the eruption starting 18 January 1951. The actual The paroxysm (explosion) at Lamington occurred at 10:40 am on the 21st January 1951. On the 22nd & 23rd Reports were still coming in. About one day later, G.A.M. Taylor, an Australian volcanologist, arrived on the scene. by then actual eruptions were over.

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Definition

Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH) is a rare blood disorder in which the body's immune system produced antibodies that destroy red blood cells when they go from cold to warm temperatures.

Alternative Names

PCH

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria only occurs in the cold, and affects mainly the hands and feet. Antibodies attach (bind) to red blood cells, which allows other proteins in the blood (called complement) to also latch on. The antibodies destroy the red blood cells as they they move through the body and get rewarmed. As the cells are destroyed, hemoglobin, the part of red blood cells that carries oxygen, is released into the blood and passed in the urine.

PCH has been linked to secondary syphilis, tertiary syphilis, and other viral or bacterial infections. Sometimes the cause is unknown.

The disorder is rare.

SymptomsSigns and tests

Laboratory tests can help diagnose this condition.

  • Bilirubin levels are high in blood and urine
  • Complete blood count (CBC) shows anemia.
  • Coombs test is negative.
  • Donath-Landsteiner test is positive.
  • Level of hemoglobin is increased during attacks.
  • Lactate dehydrogenase level is high.
Treatment

Treating the underlying condition can help. For example, if PCH is caused by syphilis, symptoms may get better when the syphilis is treated.

In some cases, medicines that suppress the immune system are used.

Expectations (prognosis)

Persons with this disease often get better quickly and do not have symptoms between episodes. Usually, the attacks end as soon as the damaged cells stop moving through the body.

Complications
  • Continued attacks
  • Kidney failure
  • Severe anemia
Calling your health care provider

Call your health care provider if you have symptoms of this disorder. The doctor can rule out other causes of the symptoms and decide whether you need treatment.

Prevention

Persons who have been diagnosed with this disease can prevent future attacks by staying out of the cold.

References

Schwartz RS. Autoimmune and intravascular hemolytic anemias. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 164.

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Definition

Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) is an occasional rapid heart rate. "Paroxysmal" means from time to time.

Alternative Names

PSVT; Supraventricular tachycardia

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Normally, the chambers of the heart (atria and ventricles) contract in a coordinated manner. The contractions are caused by an electrical signal that begins in an area of the heart called the sinoatrial node (also called the sinus node or SA node). The signal moves through the upper heart chambers (the atria) and tells the atria to contract.

PSVT starts with events taking place above the lower heart chambers (ventricles). PSVT can be initiated in the SA node, in the upper heart chambers (atria), in the atrial conduction pathways, or other areas.

PSVT can occur with digitalis toxicity and conditions such as Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.

The condition occurs most often in young people and infants.

The following increase your risk for PSVT:

Symptoms

Additional symptoms that may be associated with this condition:

Note: Symptoms may start and stop suddenly, and can last for a few minutes or several hours. A PSVT lasting more than half of the day is considered an incessant PSVT.

Signs and tests

A physical examination during a PSVT episode will show a rapid heart rate.

The heart ratemay be 150 to 250 beats per minute (bpm). In children, the heart rate tends to be very high. There may be signs of poor blood circulation such as lightheadedness. Between episodes of PSVT, the heart rate is normal (60 to 100 bpm).

An ECG during symptoms shows PSVT. An electrophysiology study(EPS) is often necessary for an accurate diagnosis and to recommend the best treatment.

Because of the sporadic nature of the PSVT, its diagnosis may require 24-hour Holter monitoring. For longer recording periods, a "loop recorder" (with computer memory) is used.

Treatment

If you do not have symptoms, PSVT may not require treatment.

If symptoms occur or if you have another heart disorder, treatment may be necessary.

If you have an episode of PSVT, a technique called the Valsalva maneuver can be used to interrupt the fast heartbeat. Hold your breath and strain, as if you were trying to have a bowel movement, or cough while sitting with your upper body bent forward.

Splashing ice water on the face has been reported by some people as helpful.

Emergency treatment of PSVT may include:

  • Electrical cardioversion, the use of electric shock to restore a rapid heartbeat back to normal.
  • Medicines through a vein, including adenosine and verapamil. Other medications may be used, such as procainamide, beta-blockers, and propafenone.

Long-term treatment of PSVT may include:

  • Daily medications such as propafenone, flecainide, moricizine, sotalol, and amiodarone.
  • Pacemakers to override the fast heartbeat; very occasionally used in children with PSVT who have not responded to any other treatment.
  • Radiofrequency catheter ablation; currently the treatment of choice for most PSVTs.
  • Surgery to change the pathways in the heart that send electrical signals; this may be recommended in some cases for people who need other heart surgery.
Expectations (prognosis)

PSVT is generally not life threatening, unless other heart disorders are present.

Complications

The main complication is an increased risk of heart failure.

Calling your health care provider

Call your health care provider if:

  • You often have a sensation of excessive palpitations and symptoms do not end on their own in a few minutes
  • You have a history of PSVT and an episode does not go away with Valsalva maneuver, or if other symptoms go along with the rapid heart rate
  • Symptoms return frequently
  • New symptoms develop
Prevention

Avoid smoking, caffeine, alcohol, and illicit drugs. Medications used to treat the disorder may be given as a preventive (prophylactic) treatment in people at a high risk or who have had previous episodes of PSVT.

References

Olgin JE, Zipes DP. Specific arrhythmias: diagnosis and treatment. In: Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Zipes DP, eds. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 8th ed. St. Louis, Mo: WB Saunders; 2007:chap 35.

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Definition

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria is a rare disease in which red blood cells break down earlier than normal.

Alternative Names

PNH

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Persons with this disease have blood cells that are missing a gene called PIG-A. This gene allows a substance called glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI) to help certain proteins stick to cells.

Without PIG-A, important proteins cannot connect to the cell surface and protect the cell from substances in the blood called complement. As a result, red blood cells break down too early. The red cells leak hemoglobin into the blood, which can pass into the urine. This can happen at any time, but is more likely to occur during the night or early morning.

The disease can affect people of any age. It may lead to aplastic anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, or acute myelogenous leukemia.

Risk factors, except for prior aplastic anemia, are not known.

SymptomsSigns and tests

Red and white blood cell counts and platelet counts may be low.

Red or brown urine signals the breakdown of red blood cells and that hemoglobin is being released into the body's circulation and eventually into the urine.

Tests that may be done to diagnose this condition may include:

Treatment

Steroids or other drugs that suppress the immune system may help slow the break down of red blood cells. Blood transfusions may be needed. Supplemental iron and folic acid are provided. Blood thinners may also be needed to prevent clot formation.

Soliris (eculizumab) is a drug used to treat PNH. It blocks the breakdown of red blood cells.

Bone marrow transplantation can cure this disease.

All patients with PNH should receive vaccinations against certain types of bacteria to prevent infection. Ask your doctor which ones are right for you.

Expectations (prognosis)

The outcome varies. Most people survive greater than 10 years after their diagnosis. Death can result from complications such as blood clot formation (thrombosis) or bleeding.

In rare cases, the abnormal cells may decrease over time.

ComplicationsCalling your health care provider

Call your health care provider if you find blood in your urine, if symptoms worsen or do not improve with treatment or if new symptoms develop.

Prevention

There is no known way to prevent this disorder.

References

US Food and Drug Administration. FDA Approves First-of-its-Kind Drug to Treat Rare Blood Disorder. Rockville, MD: National Press Office; March 16, 2007. Release P07-47.

Schwartz RS. Autoimmune and intravascular hemolytic anemias. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 164.

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affection, affectivity, agony, anger, animation, ardor, dedication, devotion, distress, dolor, eagerness, ecstasy, excitement, feeling, fervor, fire, fit, flare-up, frenzy, fury, heat, hurrah, indignation, intensity, ire, joy, misery, outbreak, outburst, paroxysm, rage, rapture, resentment, sentiment, spirit, storm, suffering, temper, transport, vehemence, warmth, wrath, zeal, zest

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A portion of time as limited and determined by some recurring phenomenon, as by the completion of a revolution of one of the heavenly bodies; a division of time, as a series of years, months, or days, in which something is completed, and ready to recommence and go on in the same order; as, the period of the sun, or the earth, or a comet., A stated and recurring interval of time; more generally, an interval of time specified or left indefinite; a certain series of years, months, days, or the like; a time; a cycle; an age; an epoch; as, the period of the Roman republic., One of the great divisions of geological time; as, the Tertiary period; the Glacial period. See the Chart of Geology., The termination or completion of a revolution, cycle, series of events, single event, or act; hence, a limit; a bound; an end; a conclusion., A complete sentence, from one full stop to another; esp., a well-proportioned, harmonious sentence., The punctuation point [.] that marks the end of a complete sentence, or of an abbreviated word., One of several similar sets of figures or terms usually marked by points or commas placed at regular intervals, as in numeration, in the extraction of roots, and in circulating decimals., The time of the exacerbation and remission of a disease, or of the paroxysm and intermission., A complete musical sentence., To put an end to., To come to a period; to conclude. [Obs.] "You may period upon this, that," etc.

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To bend, or lean downward; to take a downward direction; to bend over or hang down, as from weakness, weariness, despondency, etc.; to condescend., To tend or draw towards a close, decay, or extinction; to tend to a less perfect state; to become diminished or impaired; to fail; to sink; to diminish; to lessen; as, the day declines; virtue declines; religion declines; business declines., To turn or bend aside; to deviate; to stray; to withdraw; as, a line that declines from straightness; conduct that declines from sound morals., To turn away; to shun; to refuse; -- the opposite of accept or consent; as, he declined, upon principle., To bend downward; to bring down; to depress; to cause to bend, or fall., To cause to decrease or diminish., To put or turn aside; to turn off or away from; to refuse to undertake or comply with; reject; to shun; to avoid; as, to decline an offer; to decline a contest; he declined any participation with them., To inflect, or rehearse in order the changes of grammatical form of; as, to decline a noun or an adjective., To run through from first to last; to repeat like a schoolboy declining a noun., A falling off; a tendency to a worse state; diminution or decay; deterioration; also, the period when a thing is tending toward extinction or a less perfect state; as, the decline of life; the decline of strength; the decline of virtue and religion., That period of a disorder or paroxysm when the symptoms begin to abate in violence; as, the decline of a fever., A gradual sinking and wasting away of the physical faculties; any wasting disease, esp. pulmonary consumption; as, to die of a decline.

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Paul Dewdney has: Played Saxophone in "Battle of the Bands" in 1984. Played Richard in "Ethan" in 2009. Played Phil Mercer in "The Authors Son" in 2012. Played Chris in "Fast Life" in 2013. Played Keith in "Three Stops Down from Plaistow" in 2013. Played Lone Wolf in "Environmental Enforcement" in 2013. Played Alfie in "Roger" in 2013. Played Undercover Police Officer in "The Tunnel" in 2013. Played Burly Man 1 in "Pleasure Beach" in 2013. Played Roger in "Skanked" in 2013. Played Kevin in "The Waiting Room" in 2014. Played Accountant in "A Soldiers Regret" in 2014. Played John in "Inner Workings" in 2014. Played Dave in "Abusing Protocol" in 2014. Played Frank in "Killing Time" in 2014. Played Lord J. Taylor in "Art Ache" in 2014. Played Dr. Moses in "Paroxysm" in 2014. Played DS Fowler in "Some Things" in 2014. Played Detective Lane in "Dragoon" in 2014. Played Tobias in "Dinner" in 2014. Played Mikey in "Fakers" in 2014. Played Pete in "The Last Call" in 2014. Played Tarquin in "C.O.O.L.I.O Time Travel Gangster" in 2014. Played Steve in "Eileen" in 2014. Played Frankie Ross in "The Profesional" in 2014. Played Sebastian Laws in "Butterfly Strings" in 2014. Played Second Critic in "The Chef" in 2014. Played Charlie in "The Crow Scarer" in 2014.

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they erupt just like they do above water

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the praying man

the 1st scene happened to be in the inaguration of a new cemented road in the land of sulucan..

this involves the president of the philippines, other government personalities and cris..he is the chief of drug and medicine and one of the important guests in the event..the place was very crowded and the president arrived 1 hour late than the respective time..the guests were getting impatient because of the heat of the noonday sun..when the inaguration ended,cris was invited by the president for lunch at the premises..

while eating, he looked around his surroundings and realized that most of the things in that place were changed as time rolls by..then a thought came into his mind..he remembered his childhood in sulucan..he remembered all the things that happened to their family..his mother had a cancer and they find it hard to earn money to provide medicines for the cure of the illness..as a little son, he helped his family by selling popsicles in the store together with kosca..a childhood friend of him..during that times,there had a famous family known as the monteverde family who had a big house and used to sell charcoals and fresh fruits coming from their rich bearing trees..they also offer shower bath for everybody..cris and kosca decided to go there for a bath then they realized that they are at the enough age for circumsition and after that,they had theirselves circumsized by an ex-boxer named awil.. and fortunately,they had a succesfull circumsition...after that thought..he's back to reality and the present day..

after few days..cris' brother named ulo came to his office and ask for money...unlike cris,ulo wasn't succesfull in life..he is still a poor man he has a thin body with ragged clothes then a paroxysm of coughing shook his poor body..ulo warned cris that his days of power are numbered..and the sky will fall on him soon..he also said that cris' empire has built on fake drugs and bribery are crumbling all around and all the trusted peolple are turning their backs against him..cris ignored the words of his brother and called it nonsense..

cris has two trusted secretaries and they are mila and naldo..mila,his private secretary and the daughter of medio who owns the monteverde compound that offers showers on his childhood..naldo was the only one who knows all the things that cris was doing..then it was revealed that cris had a group who takes charge in making different kinds of medicine..

antero briones was in charged in the plant and branches, carlos pandes was the chief chemist in charge of production,generoso pan was in charge of distribution and shipping and was the oldest in the group,perfecto barin was in charge for finance..this group always have their private conference concerning in the production of medicines..they produce fake medicines and sells them at high prices..as the president,cris needs to go to other countries for appointments..naldo was the one who takes charge on the unfinished tasks of cris..but naldo became envious and he thought that he is more deserving on the progress of cris..his envy became serious and he planned to reveal cris' hidden agenda..

cris continued to trust naldo not knowing about the plans that would be the end of his success..but there came a time that cris was infoxrmed about naldo's plans..cris went to different countries to get far away from naldo..

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2-letter words

ox

3-letter words

box, cox, fox, gox, lox, oxo, oxy, pox, sox, vox

4-letter words

boxy, coxa, doxy, foxy, moxa, oxen, oxes, oxid, oxim

5-letter words

boxed, boxer, boxes, coxae, coxal, coxed, coxes, detox, doxie, epoxy, foxed, foxes, goxes, loxed, loxes, moxas, moxie, oxbow, oxeye, oxide, oxids, oxime, oxims, oxlip, oxter, phlox, poxed, poxes, proxy, redox, toxic, toxin, unbox

6-letter words

alkoxy, anoxia, anoxic, bollox, boxcar, boxers, boxful, boxier, boxing, cowpox, coxing, dioxid, dioxin, doxies, ethoxy, foxier, foxily, foxing, hatbox, hotbox, icebox, loxing, lummox, moxies, outbox, outfox, oxalic, oxalis, oxbows, oxcart, oxeyes, oxford, oxides, oxidic, oximes, oxlips, oxtail, oxters, oxygen, pegbox, peroxy, poxing, teabox, toxine, toxins, toxoid, volvox

7-letter words

alloxan, anoxias, bandbox, boombox, boxcars, boxfish, boxfuls, boxhaul, boxiest, boxings, boxlike, boxwood, cashbox, coalbox, coxalgy, coxcomb, coxitis, detoxed, detoxes, digoxin, dioxane, dioxide, dioxids, dioxins, epoxide, epoxied, epoxies, epoxyed, equinox, ethoxyl, feedbox, firebox, flummox, fowlpox, foxfire, foxfish, foxhole, foxiest, foxings, foxlike, foxskin, foxtail, foxtrot, gearbox, hellbox, hydroxy, hypoxia, hypoxic, indoxyl, jukebox, lockbox, mailbox, methoxy, noxious, oxalate, oxazine, oxblood, oxcarts, oxfords, oxheart, oxidant, oxidase, oxidate, oxidise, oxidize, oxtails, oxyacid, oxygens, oxymora, oxyphil, oxysalt, oxysome, oxytone, paradox, peroxid, phenoxy, phloxes, pillbox, postbox, princox, proxies, proximo, redoxes, saltbox, sandbox, soapbox, sonovox, toolbox, toxemia, toxemic, toxical, toxines, toxoids, trioxid, unboxed, unboxes, woodbox, workbox

8-letter words

acetoxyl, alloxans, amphioxi, anatoxin, anoxemia, anoxemic, biotoxin, bolloxed, bolloxes, boxberry, boxboard, boxhauls, boxiness, boxthorn, boxwoods, breadbox, carboxyl, cowpoxes, coxalgia, coxalgic, coxcombs, coxswain, detoxify, detoxing, digoxins, dioxanes, dioxides, doxology, epoxides, epoxying, ethoxies, ethoxyls, exotoxic, exotoxin, foxfires, foxglove, foxholes, foxhound, foxiness, foxskins, foxtails, foxtrots, gloxinia, hatboxes, horsepox, hotboxes, hydroxyl, hypoxias, iceboxes, indoxyls, lummoxes, matchbox, methoxyl, monoxide, naloxone, nontoxic, orthodox, ototoxic, outboxed, outboxes, outfoxed, outfoxes, oxalated, oxalates, oxalises, oxazepam, oxazines, oxbloods, oxhearts, oxidable, oxidants, oxidases, oxidasic, oxidated, oxidates, oxidised, oxidiser, oxidises, oxidized, oxidizer, oxidizes, oxpecker, oxtongue, oxyacids, oxygenic, oxymoron, oxyphile, oxyphils, oxysalts, oxysomes, oxytocic, oxytocin, oxytones, paroxysm, pegboxes, peroxide, peroxids, poxvirus, protoxid, proxemic, proximal, pyroxene, saucebox, siloxane, smallpox, snuffbox, soundbox, suboxide, sweatbox, swinepox, teaboxes, tetroxid, thyroxin, toxaemia, toxaemic, toxemias, toxicant, toxicity, trioxide, trioxids, unboxing, volvoxes

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Hippocrates provided the field of psychology with the theory of the Four Humors, the first ever personality theory. According to Hippocrates, the individual was made up of four humors, of which any one humor was perpetually dominant. This dominant humor affected the individual's personality and made him/her one specific 'type' of individual (thus being called a type theory of personality). The four humors are as follows:

SANGUINE (Blood) - A warm, outgoing personality. Rarely loses temper and is compassionate and loving by nature.

PHLEGMATIC (Phlegm) - A lazy, laid-back personality. Is rarely bothered by carrying out jobs or work, and does not express many emotions. Never is emotionally intense.

CHOLERIC (Yellow Bile) - An angry, aggressive personality. Is often loyal, but at the same time, has a very short fuse and is impulsive by nature.

MELANCHOLIC (Black Bile) - A sad, despondent personality. Tends to display more reactions of negativity towards stimuli, and is often selfish and self-absorbed.

The problem with Hippocrates' theory is that all individuals show the various traits mentioned above at some point or another in their lives. Hence, it is much more difficult to put individuals into separate, discrete categories as he believed.

5 answers


Definition

Pheochromocytoma is a rare tumor of the adrenal gland that causes too much release of epinephrine and norepinephrine -- hormones that regulate heart rate and blood pressure.

Alternative Names

Chromaffin tumors; Paraganglionoma

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Pheochromocytoma may occur as a single tumor or as more than one growth. It usually develops in the center (medulla) of one or both adrenal glands. Sometimes this kind of tumor occurs outside the adrenal gland, usually somewhere else in the abdomen.

Less than 10% of pheochromocytomas are cancerous (malignant), meaning they have the potential to spread to other parts of the body.

The tumors may occur at any age, but they are most common from early to mid-adulthood. About 10% of the time there is a family history of the disease.

Symptoms

Other symptoms that can occur with this disease:

There may be an attack of the symptoms listed above (paroxysm). It may occur at unpredictable intervals (sporadic). The paroxysms may increase in frequency, length, and severity as the tumor grows.

Signs and tests

An examination of vital signs can show high blood pressure, rapid heart rate, and fever when taken during an attack of symptoms. These signs can be normal at other times.

Tests include:

Treatment

Treatment involves removing the tumor with surgery. It is important to stabilize blood pressure and pulse with medication before surgery. You may need to stay in the hospital.

After surgery, it is necessary to continually monitor all vital signs in an intensive care unit. When the tumor cannot be surgically removed, medication is needed to manage it. Radiation therapy and chemotherapy have not been effective in curing this kind of tumor.

Expectations (prognosis)

About 95% of patients who have noncancerous tumors that are removed with surgery are still alive after 5 years. The tumors come back in less than 10% of these patients. Release of the hormones norepinephrine and epinephrine returns to normal after surgery.

Less than 50% of patients who have cancerous tumors that spread to the bones, liver, or lung are alive after 5 years.

Complications

High blood pressure may not be cured in 25% of patients after surgery. However, standard treatments can usually control high blood pressure. In about 10% of people, the tumor may return.

Calling your health care provider

Call your health care provider if:

  • You have symptoms of pheochromocytoma
  • You had a pheochromocytoma in the past and your symptoms return
References

Ferri FF. Ferri's Clinical Advisor. 1st ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2009.

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Ring around the Rosie, A pocket full of Posies, Ashes Ashes we all fall down.

Ring around the Rosie is a children's song sung with smiling, laughing and hand-holding, but did you know it actually has very morbid roots? In the 13th century, the Black Death (also called the Black Plague) killed so many people, many thought it was the end of the world. The nursery rhyme "Ring around the Rosie" came about during the time of the Black Death.

Here are what the lyrics mean:

Ring around the rosie is a reference to the black sores that would appear on your body as part of the plague. Your "rosie" is around the center of the back of your hand.

A pocket full of posies is a reference to people would carrying posies (flowers) around to not smell the sickening scent of dead bodies everywhere.

Ashes Ashes signifies the ashes from all the bodies being burned on pyres. Bodies couldn't be buried or else the infection would spread.

We all fall down signifies death or people falling down to hell because of their harsh and cruel ways.

7 answers