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Elias Yemane has written:
'Amharic and Ethiopic onomastics' -- subject(s): Amharic, Amharic language, Etymology, Names, Onomastics, Personal Names
'Mephibosheth'
1 answer
R. A. Ageeva has written:
'Strany i narody' -- subject(s): Ethnological Names, Geographical Names, Onomastics
1 answer
Rino Buja has written:
'Nominario salentino' -- subject(s): Dictionaries, Etymology, Names, Italian language, Personal Names, Onomastics
1 answer
The study of the use, origin, and history of proper names is generally referred to as onomastics, or onomatology.
The study of personal names (including surnames) is referred to as anthroponymy.
1 answer
Pier Giorgio Tiozzo Gobetto has written:
'Famiglie e soprannomi' -- subject(s): Etymology, Personal Names, Onomastics, Italian language, Names
1 answer
Danny Danziger has written:
'Year What Life Was Like At the Turn'
'The whatchamacallit' -- subject(s): Etymology, English language, Onomastics
'The noble tradition' -- subject(s): Interviews, Nurses, Medicine as a profession, Physicians
'The Happiness Book'
'The Year 1000'
'Eton Voices'
1 answer
3 answers
Carles Duarte i Montserrat has written:
'La pluja del temps'
'De l'origen dels mots' -- subject(s): Etymology, Catalan language, Language and languages, Onomastics
'Manual de llenguatge administratiu' -- subject(s): Catalan language, Handbooks, manuals, Style, Government jargon
'Terra'
'La poesia catalana del segle XX' -- subject(s): Catalan poetry, History and criticism
1 answer
Etymology is the study of the history of words, their origins, & how their form and meanings have changed over time.
Onomastics is the scientific study of place-names, personal names, and proper names of all kinds. Toponymy, the study of place names, & Anthroponomastics, the study of personal names of human beings including subdivisions such as Surnames & Nicknames, are some of the principal branches of onomastics.
The International Council of Onomastic Sciences is an international academic organization of scholars with a special interest in onomastics.
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Gottfried Schramm has written:
'Slawisch im Gottesdienst' -- subject(s): Church history, History, Languages, Slavic languages, Southern, Slavs, Southern, Southern Slavic languages, Southern Slavs
'Ein Damm bricht' -- subject(s): History, Languages, Boundaries, Migrations of nations, Onomastics
'Der polnische Adel und die Reformation. 1548-1607' -- subject(s): Politics and government, Nobility
'Altrusslands Anfang' -- subject(s): Historiography, Methodology, History
1 answer
To find out the meaning of your name, you can start by researching its etymology, which is the study of the origin and history of words. You can use online resources like name databases, baby name websites, or specialized name meaning websites. Additionally, you can consult books on names and their meanings, or even reach out to experts in onomastics, the study of names.
2 answers
P. E. Raper has written:
'New dictionary of South African place names' -- subject(s): Gazetteers, Gazetters, Geographical Names, Names, Geographical
'United Nations documents on geographical names' -- subject(s): Toponymy, Standards
'Toponymical practice' -- subject(s): Toponymy
'Report on the Fifteenth International Congress of Onomastic Sciences' -- subject(s): Congresses, Onomastics
'Bronnegids vir toponimie en topoligie =' -- subject(s): Bibliography, Description and travel, Geographical Names, Names, Geographical
1 answer
Macedonians were Greeks themselves and were ruled by the Homeric style kingdom that many of the Greek city-states had dropped over the past few hundred years. Whilst Philip II innovated the Greek phalanx and built a professional army, Macedonia itself was Greek in language, art. culture, toponyms, onomastics, calendar, mythology, customs, civilization and much more.
7 answers
Milo Custer has written:
'Soldiers of the war of 1812 whose bounty land grants were located in McLean County, Illinois' -- subject(s): Registers, Land grants, History
'The Reverend Alexander Miller of Virginia and some of his descendents'
'Membership list McLean County historical society' -- subject(s): McLean County Historical Society (McLean County, Ill.)
'Archelaus R. Parker and his descendants'
'The Reverend Alexander Miller of Virginia' -- subject(s): History, Scots-Irish, Genealogy, Frontier and pioneer life
'The name Bloomington, and the \\' -- subject(s): English language, Onomastics
'Orendorff genealogy'
'Heads of families of McLean County, Illinois, at the census of 1840 ..'
'Old family records' -- subject(s): Genealogy
1 answer
Toponymy is the scientific study of place names, their origins, meanings, use and typology. The word 'Toponymy' is derived from the Greek words tópos (τόπος) ('place') and ónoma (ὄνομα) ('name'). Toponymy is itself a branch of onomastics, the study of names of all kinds. Toponymy is distinct, though often confused with etymology, which is the study of the history of languages themselves.
A place-name is a word or words used to indicate, denote, or identify a geographic locality such as a town, river, or mountain. Toponymy divides place-names into two broad categories: habitation names and feature names. A habitation name denotes a locality that is peopled or inhabited, such as a homestead, village, or town, and usually dates from the locality's inception. Feature names refer to natural or physical features of the landscape and are subdivided into hydronyms (water features), oronyms (relief features), and places of natural vegetation growth.
1 answer
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577 words
6 answers
Below is a debate between contributors about the answer to this question. One argument is that the Bethmann family is a dynasty dating back to the 15th century and that they have always been Christian, while the second argument is that they were indeed a family of Sephadic heritage in origins.
The Bethmann banking dynasty goes all the way back to the northern German town of Goslar and the 15th century. In all this time, the Bethmanns were Christians, not Jews.
After they moved to Frankfurt, one Bethmann banker (Simon Moritz) became so powerful, he was considered Frankfurt's "premier citizen"; the French nicknamed him le roi de Francfort.
The Bethmann banking family were on a par with the Rothschilds (who were Jewish). Like the Rothschilds, the Bethmanns gave generously to philanthropic causes.
Such an egregious inaccuracy more or less discredits its author, Kimberley Cornish, who apparently has a very dubious axe to grind. (For more detail, see the "Discussion" tab on the relevant article at the Wikipedia website.) Answers.com should consider withdrawing the article "The Jew of Linz" or, at the least, include a correction, a disclaimer, and a link to the Wikipedia discussion at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:The_Jew_of_Linz .
The Bethmanns were originally Sephardic Jews who moved to Amsterdam, Nassau and then Goslar. (1492 was a fateful year for Sephardim.) This issue was thoroughly thrashed out (with full references) years ago in threads on the Richard Wagner discussion page: http://groups.google.com/group/humanities.music.composers.wagner/browse_thread/thread/a0b339556a428ae9/0bba33393d08456b?lnk=gst&q=bethmann#0bba33393d08456b. Some of the standard historical studies explicitly referring to the Bethmanns' Jewishness (and unearthed by Laon Shelley, then a doctoral student at Sydney University) include: Gutman, Robert W. "Richard Wagner: The Man, his Mind and his Music", Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, San Diego, New York, London, 1968, 1990, pp.210 - 211. Pereny, Eleanor. "Liszt", Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, 1974, pp.90-91. Stock-Morton, Phyllis. "The Life of Marie d'Agoult, alias Daniel Stern", John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 2000, p.8. Vier, Jacques. "La Comptesse d'Agoult et son Temps", Paris, five vols, 1955 - 1962, volume 1, p.326. Watson, Derek. "Liszt", J. M. Dent & Sons, London, 1989, pp.30 - 31. I also adduce the 1901-1906 Jewish Encyclopedia entry on Moritz Wilhelm August Breidenbach, who was the grandfather of the German Chancellor Bethmann-Holweg. The text (viewable on the (June 8th 2008) Wikipedia entry on Breidenbach, reads" he was the son of Wolf Breidenbach and an offspring of the Jewish banking family of von Bethmann from Frankfurt. Cosima Wagner was his relative from the von Bethmanns side". The Bethmanns, that is to say, were halachically Jewish, whatever might have been their public profession of faith.
The complainant is welcome to email me at kimberley.cornish @ arts.monash.edu.au (minus the spaces) should he wish to discuss the matter further. In the meantime, he might like (should he be a gentleman) to add a short apology for accusing me of "ëgregious inaccuracy". If not, we are owed reasons for why he chooses so cavalierly to ignore both the historians and the Jewish Encyclopedia. The matter is historically important because it puts Hitler's deprecating references (in "Mein Kampf") to the WWI German Chancellor Bethmann-Hollweg, in the context of full Hitlerian anti-Semitism, rather than to a mere disenchantment with German policy. The additional connection to Cosima Wagner, descended from the Bethmanns on the female line, makes both her and her children by the arch anti-Semite Richard Wagner, to have been halachically Jewish. The background to how Cosims'a father, the pianist Franz Liszt, placed her in the care of his paramour Carolyne Wittgenstein - whom Cosima hated - is detailed in "The Jew of Linz". The Bethmann family go back to the year 1416, in the northern German town of Goslar. Like all Christians then, they were Catholics. Later, together with most Germans, they became Protestants. There is no record of them before the year 1416.
It should be obvious, but apparently is not to you, that they could not have been expelled from Spain by Ferdinand and Isabella in 1492 and then have settled in Goslar in 1416... unless they had a time machine! See this German Wikipedia page, with references at the bottom: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bethmann_%28Familie%29 In response to the six references I presented to standard texts by reputable authors who quote French diplomatic correspondence on this issue going back to before the Napoleonic wars, our unsigned contributor offers us an unsigned Wikipedia entry (put there within the last 18 months, one trusts not by him) that includes endnote references to German texts in which I have not been able to find the date 1416. Could we have specific page references please, in the same manner that I provided them, and perhaps the actual German text in question, so as not to waste any more time? In the meantime, readers might like to view the website: http://www.aviewoncities.com/frankfurt/vonbethmannpark.htm with pictures of Frankfurt's Bethmann Park, confiscated by the Nazis from the Bethmann family in 1941 as Jewish property. It notes of the park that it was: "created in 1783 by the wealthy Jewish banker Moritz von Bethmann (1768-1826)."
Wow, an obscure tourist web site as "proof"! At least now we see the "quality of scholarship" that Herr Kornisch engages in... Yes, Simon Moritz von Bethmann (b. 1786 - d. 1826) was a major benefactor to the city and people of Frankfurt, and by the way, he was enlightened enough to share some of his wealth with the Jewish community, as co-financier of the Jewish school of Frankfurt. However, he was not a Jew. The Rothschild family, on the other hand, gave to Christian causes, but they were Jewish.
My dear Herr Kornisch, I have lived in Frankfurt all my life, and people here do know their history. I had the great privilege of meeting Johann Philip Freiherr von Bethmann, the last of the Bethmann bankers (the family sold their remaining shares in the Bethmann Bank and it is now part of a Dutch bank). A kindly old gentleman, he was a great patron of the arts and loved to publish somewhat idiosyncratic articles on the international banking and finance system. He died last year and lies buried in Frankfurt's principal cemetery (NOT IN THE JEWISH CEMETERY!). A picture of the grave site can be found here: http://www.knerger.de/Die_Personen/unternehmer_40/bethmannunternehmer_40.html You will not believe me, of course, but Simon Moritz von Bethmann (d. 1826) also was not buried in a Jewish cemetery. His grave is in the (Christian) cemetery of the Peterskirche church, a few steps from Frankfurt's shopping area. The reason that you find it impossible to revise your erroneous opinion is that you are so heavily invested in making the Bethmann family Jews. It is central to your highly dubious argument that "The occasion for Adolf Hitler becoming anti-Semitic was a schoolboy interaction in Linz, circa 1904, with Ludwig Wittgenstein". As you write, "It is of enormous parenthetical interest for the study of Wagner's anti-Semitism and the Wittgensteins that Cosima Wagner's mother Marie d'Agoult (whom Franz Liszt abandoned for Carolyne Wittgenstein) was descended through her maternal line from a German Jewish banking family named Bethmann and that Cosima Wagner was thus halachically Jewish, as were any Wagner children sired through her. (The Bethmanns were sephardic Jews from Amsterdam who had found refuge in Goslar.)."
Your flimsy argument, however, becomes even flimsier when such important "supporting evidence" collapses. However, let us assume, just for the sake of argument, that the ancestors of the Bethmanns had indeed been Jewish, centuries before the Bethmanns ended up in Frankfurt. The Simon Moritz von Bethmann born in 1786 would then have been ten generations removed from those putative Jewish forebears. Maybe you hold to some bizarre "one drop of blood" theory of racial genetics under which anyone with a Jewish ancestor, no matter how many centuries back, and no matter how many generations ago conversion to Christianity occurred, is a Jew?
If so, Herr Kornisch, you are welcome and entitled to your odd opinion. However, it is in no way consistent with Jewish law ("halakha"). === === === === 1. Jewish law on who is Jewish is encapsulated in Israels' Law of Return, of which section 4B defines as Jewish anyone who is born of a Jewish mother. (It also allows for converts, a la the story of Ruth and Naomi, but that is not relevant here.) Any girl born to a Jewish mother is therefore Jewish, and there is no limitation on any number of ancestral generations: the relation, is, as logicians might say, recursive. So in answer to your question "Maybe you hold to some bizarre "one drop of blood" theory of racial genetics under which anyone with a Jewish ancestor, no matter how many centuries back, and no matter how many generations ago conversion to Christianity occurred, is a Jew?". The answer is simply that, provided the ancestry runs through the female line, I do hold this, as does any orthodox rabbi. Profession of another faith, regrettable as it might be, is irrelevant to Jewishness, provided this matrilineal link exists. This Jewishness is not overridden by either conversion or ignorance of matrilineal ancestry or by the fact of where someone's body is buried. Should you know better, please ignore me and simply inform the Israeli authorities that they made a mistake. 2. Perenyi's book (already referenced, with page numbers) covers how the Bethmann family suffered from anti-Semitism in the nineteenth century. Derek Watson's book "Richard Wagner: A Biography" ( J. M. Dent and Sons Ltd, London, 1979, pp.150-151.) reads as follows:
"Cosima's childhood and her marriage to Bülow afforded her little happiness. After Liszt's separation from Marie d'Agoult, the three children were placed in the care of Liszt's mother in Paris. In 1850, when Cosima was not quite thirteen, the Princess Wittgenstein persuaded Liszt to hand the children over to her own governess from St Petersburg, Madame Patersi, a tyrannical septuagenarian who travelled to Paris and at once submitted them to her strict regime. This background, lacking the love and normal joys of childhood explains much of Cosima's later personality. She was ever-conscious of being Liszt's bastard child and spent much of her life attempting to create a mask of frigid respectability which deceived few people. Her maternal grandmother had a Jewish father and so all her life Cosima sheltered behind a vicious anti-Semitism." Cosims'a mother was Marie d'Agoult, whose mother was Maria de Flavigny, whose mother was the "Jewish father" Simon Bethmann's wife. Should you think I based my work on "flimsy evidence", please attack the authorities I cited who support the Bethmann Jewishness, not me. That Richard Wagner's wife Cosima was halachically Jewish is of enormous interest to anyone interested in German anti-Semitism. 3. In connection with the confiscation from the Bethmanns of Frankfurt's Bethmann garden as Jewish property by the Nazi government, are you actually saying that this did not happen, or that it did happen but was done in error? 4. The Bethmann Jewishness is of no relevance whatever to the Hitler/Wittgenstein thesis of "The Jew of Linz". It is certainly not "central" in any sense at all. That is why I stated that it is of "PARENTHETICAL interest" in connection with Wagner's anti-Semitism. It is not connected with the central thesis that the Jewish boy whom Hitler refers to in connection with the origins of his anti-Semitism in "Mein Kampf" was Wittgenstein. My reference to the Bethmanns occurs in one sentence on page 91 of "The Jew of Linz" (a book of 298 pages.) And yet you write, "The reason that you find it impossible to revise your erroneous opinion is that you are so heavily invested in making the Bethmann family Jews." Have you actually read my book? 5. In discussion of these very serious Holocaust-related matters, nothing is gained by referring to me as "Herr Kornisch". I spelled out my name correctly in reply to your first post. Were you to sign your own name to your posts, I would certainly not dream of insulting you. Perhaps something might emerge from this exchange of views, or perhaps not, but let us stick to issues and facts. You are mixing up things that do not belong together. In its Law of Return, the state of Israel offers citizenship in principle to citizens of other nations who are Jewish, that is, either they converted to Judaism (but there can be problems if the conversion was performed by a Reform or Reconstructionist rabbi) OR they were born of a Jewish mother OR they can claim at least one Jewish GRANDPARENT. A Jewish ancestor more than two generations ago does NOT suffice under Israel's law of return. Separate from the Law of Return is halakha, the body of Jewish law. Apparently (this was new to me) matrilineal descent, in theory, can indeed go on and on, even if a descendant breaks with the Jewish faith. However, I have never heard of such a case in actual practice. In the real world, a Jewish great-great-great-grandmother is eventually forgotten, or female matrilineal descentends because it is interrupted, i.e., no daughter in a particular generation or the daughter does not procreate. You have already been informed by me that the Simon Moritz von Bethmann born in 1768 was not a Jew according to himself, his family, or the community in which he lived. Your task, then, is to prove that unbeknownst to anyone at the time, he was a matrilineal descendant of a Jewish mother however many generations ago. However, even if you could do so, that would only provide proof of such descent for Simon Moritz himself, not for the four sons that he fathered with Louise Friederike Boode, who was not Jewish. But, you are claiming that Franz Liszt's daughter Cosima Wagner descended from a Jewish Bethmann family member. It is true that Simon Moritz von Bethmann (b. 1768) had three sisters, one of whom was Susanna Elisabeth (b. 1763 d. 1831), who married one Johann Jakob Hollweg in 1780; their only child was Moritz August von Bethmann Hollweg (b. 1795), whose grandson was the Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg who became German chancellor in 1909.
So, there is indeed a genealogical connection from the 18th century Bethmanns to the 20th century German chancellor von Bethmann Hollweg. However, even a (theoretical) matrilineal Jewish descent is impossible because Susanna Elisabeth's only child was male. But wait! The aforementioned Simon Moritz had another sister: Maria Elisabeth (b. 1772 d. 1847), whose second marriage was to Alexandre Victor Francois Vicomte de Flavigny. Their daughter was Marie d'Agoult, whose daughter by Franz Liszt was the Cosima who later married Richard Wagner. So, if you can prove that there is an unbroken line of matrilineal descent going back from Cosima Wagner, past Marie d'Agoult, past Maria Elisabeth von Bethmann, to a known Jewish ancestor, then yes, Richard Wagner's wife would have been technically Jewish, bizarre as that notion would seem. Unfortunately for you, that is not possible. The parents of Simon Moritz von Bethmann and his sisters Susanna Elisabeth and Maria Elisabeth were Johann Philipp Bethmann (b. 1715 d. 1793) and Katharina Margarete Schaaf (b. 1741 d. 1822). Katharina Margarete Schaaf was not Jewish, therefore Simon Moritz and his sisters were not Jewish. Johann Philipp Bethmann was not Jewish, but even if he had been, that would not have made Simon Moritz and his sisters Jewish.
Hence your attempt to claim Jewish descent for Cosima Wagner via the Bethmann family collapses into nothingness. Now for a closer look at the source you cite, a book by someone named Perenyi. You quote, "Her maternal grandmother had a Jewish father and so all her life Cosima sheltered behind a vicious anti-Semitism." Apparently you do not realize that this very quote exposes your claim as false. If we are to believe the quote, then Cosima's maternal grandmother (that would be Maria Elisabeth Bethmann) had a Jewish father (that would be Johann Philip Bethmann). However, as already pointed out above, Johann Philipp Bethmann was not a Jew. Even assuming, just for the sake of argument, that Johann Philipp was in fact secretly Jewish (by clandestine conversion?) and deceived everyone around him, his wife was not: therefore their offspring, all the way down to Cosima Wagner, was not Jewish.
I have no idea whether the Bethmann gardens were confiscated by the Nazi authorities, but if so, the Nazis would never have justified this with a supposed Jewish descent of the Bethmanns, for the Bethmanns never have been considered Jewish by anyone, outside of cranks, the misguided and poorly informed, or people for whom "banker" is synonymous with "Jewish". Thank you for your reply. Perhaps we might yet learn something from each other. I have no wish to get into a side issue on the Law of Return. I read it as giving the right of return to anyone who is halachically Jewish (child of a Jewish mother or an Orthodox convert) without any restriction (where purely matrilineal descent is concerned) whatsoever. The relevant (English) text is viewable at: http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Immigration/Text_of_Law_of_Return.html But on this matter (whether the Israeli law differs from Halakha or not) let us just agree to differ, my own view being that it does not, since even a great-grandparent in the female line is sufficient to establish Jewishness (because her daughter, the maternal grandparent, would therefore also be Jewish). We are in any case agreed on the halachic principle of Jewishness as involving maternal descent; that is to say, a Jewish female CANNOT have a non-Jewish child, though a Jewish male can. On the Bethmann genealogy, some of the names you provided were new to me. As in any matter likely to prove highly contentious, it would help were you to provide a source for your material, as I have. (The original material in the German Wikipedia entry on "Bethmann" that you cited - and which was placed there 11th February, 2007 - is signed by "Flibbertigibbet", which is unlikely to convince an acerbic British reviewer that the source is academically kosher.) I am not, by the way, doubting that your names in the genealogy are correct, since they fit with my own researches where I have a match. It is just that expressions such as "I have informed you that ..." count for nothing where historical research is concerned. So again, some source references, please. The Bethmanns (and I cited the sources) were subject to anti-Semitic vilification in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. You claim that the Bethmanns were not Jewish and that such vilification was in factual error. (Anti-Semites, of course, need no justification, but they often claim to have some in order to, as it were, excuse themselves.) Anyway, the issue of Cosima's halachic Jewishness is settled if the answer to the following question is affirmative: Was Maria Elisabeth Bethmann (Cosima's maternal line ancestor) Jewish? Here then, is a quote from a paper by the Professor of Music at the University of New York, E. Brody ("The Jewish Wagnerites", Opera Quarterly, 1983, 1: p.68) referring to Richard Wagner and Cosima: "As for his beloved helpmate, suspicion and speculation were both unnecessary. Cosima, the second child of Liszt and the Countess Marie d'Agoult, would not have passed muster under Germany's racial laws. Her maternal grandmother, Elizabeth Bethmann, daughter of Simon Moritz Bethmann and descendant of Schimsche Naphtali Bethmann, was Jewish, a member of the prominent banking family of Frankfurt am Main." Professor Brodie explicitly states here that Elizabeth Bethmann was Jewish, from which it follows that the whole chain of her female descendants, not only down to Cosima, but also to her (and Richard Wagner's) son, Siegfried Wagner, were also Jewish. Going back the other way, if Elizabeth Bethmann were Jewish, then so was her mother, which means that Simon Moritz Bethmann (her brother) was also Jewish, which suffices to establish my point. The only way around this for you, is to chase up the references Professor Brodie provides and argue that they are unreliable or perhaps just not conclusive. Her peer-reviewed paper is downloadable as a PDF for a small fee from Oxford University Press Journals (http://www.oxfordjournals.org/.) Until you can establish this, we can all rest reasonably confident that the Bethmanns were Jewish. (It is, of course, perfectly possible that they professed another faith publicly - the issue here is Halakha.) Good luck with your endeavours - the implications of this issue are enormous - but I think the upshot is that the "egregious inaccuracies" you attributed to me are not so at all. You get one credit for sheer doggedness, but I'll have to charge you with one demerit for intellectual dishonesty. Changing your erroneous statement about Maria Elisabeth Bethmann being the GREAT GRANDMOTHER rather than the GRANDMOTHER of Cosima Liszt AFTER I CALLED YOU ON IT and NOT ACKNOWLEDGING MY CORRECTION is a mark of dishonesty. It took me less than a minute, only by googling, to find the likely source of the canard about the Bethmanns being Jewish. It is a biography of Franz Liszt by one August Göllerich, where writes that, " I had hoped to avoid insults. Everything I have written here is available to anyone to peruse by clicking "History of past edits", which is precisely why WikiAnswers provides the facility. A correction is perfectly legitimate. There is no dishonesty involved at all and so I would rather prefer not to be abused. The matter of Marie de Flavigny being Cosima's grandmother as opposed to being her great-grandmother is in any case irrelevant to Cosima's or the Bethmann's Jewishness, since the maternal line link is unaffected either way. I note you have not discussed any of the references I have provided yet. Perhaps you might complete your own quotation from Gollerich, so that we can read it and then we can discuss the matter? Gollerich, by the way, was Liszt's own student, and knew Cosima personally. He became the opera director in Linz, where both Hitler (and likely Wittgenstein) saw Wagnerian operas. (The reference is somewhere in Hanfstaegl's book on Hitler, which I do not have to hand.) It is even possible - indeed, likely - that the young Hitler spoke to him personally. Of course the references I provided earlier show that the Bethmann's Jewishness was being raised in the literature at a time long pre-dating Gollerich, but your quotation, when completed, might well prove interesting anyway. My apologies for hitting the "Save" button too quickly, both because I thereby uploaded an incomplete post and because I issued a much too strongly worded condemnation of Mr. Cornish's editing change. August Göllerich (ironically, a native of Linz) authored a biography of Franz Liszt in 1887, according to the Austrian Encyclopedia at the Technical University of Graz website: http://aeiou.iicm.tugraz.at/aeiou.encyclop.g/g551413.htm I quote from Amazon.com's PDF facsimile of the 1908 edition. On page 89 of the book, we find this: "Marie, Vicomtesse de Flavigny, wurde am 15. August 1805 als Kind eines Emigranten geboren, der nach Frankfurt a.M. gezogen war, um dort Soldaten für die französische Armee zu werben, wofür er ins Gefängnis geworfen wurde.
Derselbe hatte die glühende Liebe einer achtzehnjährigen Witwe entfacht, die sich mit ihm so lange einsperren ließ, bis ihre Eltern seine Befreiung durchsetzten, und ihre Einwilligung gaben, ihn zum Schwiegersohne zu nehmen.
Der Vater dieser Romantikerin war der reiche Bankier Simon Moritz Bethmann, dessen Vorfahren nach den einen Berichten Schimon Naphtali Bethmann, ein Frankfurter Handelsmann, nach andern der Patrizier Bethmann-Hollweg gewesen, der zu Beginn des 18. Jahrhunderts seines protestantischen Glaubens wegen aus den Niederlanden vertrieben worden war." My translation: "Marie, the Vicomtesse de Flavigny, was born 15 August 1805 as the child of an expatriate [Frenchman] who had moved to Frankfurt-on-the-Main to recruit soldiers for the French army; for this, he was thrown into jail.
The [Viscompte] had inflamed the torrid love of an eighteen-year old widow, who managed to get herself incarcerated together with him until finally her parents relented, made the authorities set him free, and consented to him becoming their son in law.
The father of this romantic lass was the rich banker Simon Moritz Bethmann, whose ancestors, by some accounts, included Schimon Naphtali Bethmann, a Frankfurt merchant; by other accounts the Patrizier [a German term denoting an upper-tier bourgeois, i.e., not a member of the nobility] Bethmann-Hollweg, who had been driven out from the Netherlands due to his Protestant faith early in the 18th century." End of translation. I included the first two paragraphs for context; I have not checked whether the portrayal of the Viscomte de Flavigny as a swashbuckler, or the even more dramatic account of how he met and married his wife, Maria Elisabeth Bethmann (not named by Göllerich), is accurate. On to the third paragraph. It is amazing how much misinformation can be packed into such a short paragraph: First, Cosima's grandmother and Marie's mother, the aforementioned Maria Elisabeth Bethmann, was NOT the daughter of a Simon Moritz Bethmann; in fact, her father was a Johann Philipp Bethmann. Second, her brother Simon Moritz had been elevated to the status of a nobleman, therefore his name should have been given correctly as Simon Moritz VON Bethmann. Third, there appears to be nothing more than rumor ("by some accounts") behind the "merchant Schimon Naphtali Bethmann" with the Jewish sounding name; no such person is found in the Bethmann family tree, in any case not after the family's move to Frankfurt. Fourth, the Bethmann-Hollweg family line starts only in 1795, when Moritz August, the only child of Susanna Elisabeth Bethmann and Johann Jakob Hollweg is born, therefore Cosima could not have been a descendant of a Hollweg. This amusingly slapdash piece of writing, then, appears to be the wellspring of the "Jewish Bethmanns" canard -- unless an earlier published source than 1887 can be found. === === More: Earlier Mr. Cornish questioned the reliabity of the German Wikipedia entry on the Bethmanns. I can supply a source reference situating the roots of the Bethmann family in the town of Goslar, all the way back to the year 1416: it is the Brockhaus Encyclopedia, 14th edition, 1894-1896, available on the web at http://www.retrobibliothek.de/retrobib/seite.html?id=122213 (link goes to a page of text OCR'ed from the printed encyclopdia, contains typos.) The Brockhaus entry continues: "Dort gehörte die Familie seit dem Beginn des 16. Jahrh. zu den ratsfähigen Geschlechtern und zu den Mitgliedern der ersten Gilde". My translation: "There [in Goslar] the family, since early in the 16th century, was among the families entitled to delegate representatives to the town's council, as well as being members of the first guild." I hope can be forgiven for rubbing it in some more... Paul Johnson, a reputable historian if ever there was one, writes (in A History of the Jews, Harper Perennial, published in 1988, page 314): "What happened was this. Until the beginning of the revolutionary wars in France, in the mid-1790s, European merchant banking was dominated by non-Jews: the Barings of London, the Hopes of Amsterdam and the Gebrüder Bethmann of Frankfurt." It keeps getting better! As everyone knows, many family names had their origins in occupations, hence names such as Cartwright, Baker, Miller, ... . In German, the equivalent "occupational surnames" are Wagner, Bäcker, Müller, ... . Turns out that Bethmann, too, was such a family name! In Deutsche Namenskunde by Max Gottschald, published by Walter de Gruyter, 6th revised edition 2006, we find the surname Bethmann cross referenced to Bedenknecht, i.e., the person who would collect the "bede" (that which is requested -- a tax) from freemen. In Middle High German, a Knecht was the equivalent of a squire in medieval usage, i.e., a person above commoner status who could aspire to becoming a knight. (Product description from Amazon.com: "Gottschald's book is the standard German work on onomastics. It explains every German surname and its parts, and cross-referencing relates one name to another.") Other surnames ending in -knecht were Schildknecht (a man-at-arms in the service of a knight), Bauknecht (a builder's scribe, an administrator's helper), or Windeknecht (the man responsible for dogs used in hunting). So, it is probably literally true when we say that the Bethmanns "come from money"... and go back to the Middle Ages! All right, that last bit was rather tangential (onomastics? sounds like chewing gum techniques... and Richard Wagner was not a cartwright...) but I felt that I was entitled to it. I am afraid that Mr. Cornish has bitten off more than he can chew but will check back next week to find out what he has come up with. Remember: Göllerich cannot be taken seriously, hence all who cite Göllerich directly or via intermediate citations are likewise suspect. One last web reference, and then I'll sign off. Bankiers im Kaiserreich: Sozialprofil und Habitus der deutschen Hochfinanz, by Morten Reitmayer. Searchable online at amazon.com. Mr. Reitmayer employs an extremely broad scope in defining who among the high-powered bankers of the era should be considered Jewish. For example, the Oppenheimer family, who had converted to Christianity in 1807, is still considered Jewish by him. (I am not saying that his broad scope is necessarily wrong, only that it is unusually broad.) However, even the meticulous Reitmayer never considers the Bethmanns to fall within his broad definition of Jewishness.
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acarology study of mites
accidence grammar book; science of inflections in grammar
aceology therapeutics
acology study of medical remedies
acoustics science of sound
adenology study of glands
aedoeology science of generative organs
aerobiology study of airborne organisms
aerodonetics science or study of gliding
aerodynamics dynamics of gases; science of movement in a flow of air or gas
aerolithology study of aerolites; meteorites
aerology study of the atmosphere
aeronautics study of navigation through air or space
aerophilately collecting of air-mail stamps
aerostatics science of air pressure; art of ballooning
agonistics art and theory of prize-fighting
agriology the comparative study of primitive peoples
agrobiology study of plant nutrition; soil yields
agrology study of agricultural soils
agronomics study of productivity of land
agrostology science or study of grasses
alethiology study of truth
algedonics science of pleasure and pain
algology study of algae
anaesthesiology study of anaesthetics
anaglyptics art of carving in bas-relief
anagraphy art of constructing catalogues
anatomy study of the structure of the body
andragogy science of teaching adults
anemology study of winds
angelology study of angels
angiology study of blood flow and lymphatic system
anthropobiology study of human biology
anthropology study of human cultures
aphnology science of wealth
apiology study of bees
arachnology study of spiders
archaeology study of human material remains
archelogy the study of first principles
archology science of the origins of government
arctophily study of teddy bears
areology study of Mars
aretaics the science of virtue
aristology the science or art of dining
arthrology study of joints
astacology the science of crayfish
astheniology study of diseases of weakening and aging
astrogeology study of extraterrestrial geology
astrology study of influence of stars on people
astrometeorology study of effect of stars on climate
astronomy study of celestial bodies
astrophysics study of behaviour of interstellar matter
astroseismology study of star oscillations
atmology the science of aqueous vapour
audiology study of hearing
autecology study of ecology of one species
autology scientific study of oneself
auxology science of growth
avionics the science of electronic devices for aircraft
axiology the science of the ultimate nature of values
bacteriology study of bacteria
balneology the science of the therapeutic use of baths
barodynamics science of the support and mechanics of bridges
barology study of gravitation
batology the study of brambles
bibliology study of books
bibliotics study of documents to determine authenticity
bioecology study of interaction of life in the environment
biology study of life
biometrics study of biological measurement
bionomics study of organisms interacting in their environments
botany study of plants
bromatology study of food
brontology scientific study of thunder
bryology the study of mosses and liverworts
cacogenics study of racial degeneration
caliology study of bird's nests
calorifics study of heat
cambistry science of international exchange
campanology the art of bell ringing
carcinology study of crabs and other crustaceans
cardiology study of the heart
caricology study of sedges
carpology study of fruit
cartography the science of making maps and globes
cartophily the hobby of collecting cigarette cards
castrametation the art of designing a camp
catacoustics science of echoes or reflected sounds
catalactics science of commercial exchange
catechectics the art of teaching by question and answer
cetology study of whales and dolphins
chalcography the art of engraving on copper or brass
chalcotriptics art of taking rubbings from ornamental brasses
chaology the study of chaos or chaos theory
characterology study of development of character
chemistry study of properties of substances
chirocosmetics beautifying the hands; art of manicure
chirography study of handwriting or penmanship
chirology study of the hands
chiropody medical science of feet
chorology science of the geographic description of anything
chrematistics the study of wealth; political economy
chronobiology study of biological rhythms
chrysology study of precious metals
ciselure the art of chasing metal
climatology study of climate
clinology study of aging or individual decline after maturity
codicology study of manuscripts
coleopterology study of beetles and weevils
cometology study of comets
conchology study of shells
coprology study of pornography
cosmetology study of cosmetics
cosmology study of the universe
craniology study of the skull
criminology study of crime; criminals
cryobiology study of life under cold conditions
cryptology study of codes
cryptozoology study of animals for whose existence there is no conclusive proof
ctetology study of the inheritance of acquired characteristics
cynology scientific study of dogs
cytology study of living cells
dactyliology study of rings
dactylography the study of fingerprints
dactylology study of sign language
deltiology the collection and study of picture postcards
demology study of human behaviour
demonology study of demons
dendrochronology study of tree rings
dendrology study of trees
deontology the theory or study of moral obligation
dermatoglyphics the study of skin patterns and fingerprints
dermatology study of skin
desmology study of ligaments
diabology study of devils
diagraphics art of making diagrams or drawings
dialectology study of dialects
dioptrics study of light refraction
diplomatics science of deciphering ancient writings and texts
diplomatology study of diplomats
docimology the art of assaying
dosiology the study of doses
dramaturgy art of producing and staging dramatic works
dysgenics the study of racial degeneration
dysteleology study of purposeless organs
ecclesiology study of church affairs
eccrinology study of excretion
ecology study of environment
economics study of material wealth
edaphology study of soils
Egyptology study of ancient Egypt
ekistics study of human settlement
electrochemistry study of relations between electricity and chemicals
electrology study of electricity
electrostatics study of static electricity
embryology study of embryos
emetology study of vomiting
emmenology the study of menstruation
endemiology study of local diseases
endocrinology study of glands
enigmatology study of enigmas
entomology study of insects
entozoology study of parasites that live inside larger organisms
enzymology study of enzymes
ephebiatrics branch of medicine dealing with adolescence
epidemiology study of diseases; epidemics
epileptology study of epilepsy
epistemology study of grounds of knowledge
eremology study of deserts
ergology study of effects of work on humans
ergonomics study of people at work
escapology study of freeing oneself from constraints
eschatology study of death; final matters
ethnogeny study of origins of races or ethnic groups
ethnology study of cultures
ethnomethodology study of everyday communication
ethnomusicology study of comparative musical systems
ethology study of natural or biological character
ethonomics study of economic and ethical principles of a society
etiology the science of causes; especially of disease
etymology study of origins of words
euthenics science concerned with improving living conditions
exobiology study of extraterrestrial life
floristry the art of cultivating and selling flowers
fluviology study of watercourses
folkloristics study of folklore and fables
futurology study of future
garbology study of garbage
gastroenterology study of stomach; intestines
gastronomy study of fine dining
gemmology study of gems and jewels
genealogy study of descent of families
genesiology study of reproduction and heredity
genethlialogy the art of casting horoscopes
geochemistry study of chemistry of the earth's crust
geochronology study of measuring geological time
geogeny science of the formation of the earth's crust
geogony study of formation of the earth
geography study of surface of the earth and its inhabitants
geology study of earth's crust
geomorphogeny study of the origins of land forms
geoponics study of agriculture
geotechnics study of increasing habitability of the earth
geratology study of decadence and decay
gerocomy study of old age
gerontology study of the elderly; aging
gigantology study of giants
glaciology study of ice ages and glaciation
glossology study of language; study of the tongue
glyptography the art of engraving on gems
glyptology study of gem engravings
gnomonics the art of measuring time using sundials
gnosiology study of knowledge; philosophy of knowledge
gnotobiology study of life in germ-free conditions
graminology study of grasses
grammatology study of systems of writing
graphemics study of systems of representing speech in writing
graphology study of handwriting
gromatics science of surveying
gynaecology study of women's physiology
gyrostatics the study of rotating bodies
haemataulics study of movement of blood through blood vessels
hagiology study of saints
halieutics study of fishing
hamartiology study of sin
harmonics study of musical acoustics
hedonics part of ethics or psychology dealing with pleasure
helcology study of ulcers
heliology science of the sun
helioseismology study of sun's interior by observing its surface oscillations
helminthology study of worms
hematology study of blood
heortology study of religious feasts
hepatology study of liver
heraldry study of coats of arms
heresiology study of heresies
herpetology study of reptiles and amphibians
hierology science of sacred matters
hippiatrics study of diseases of horses
hippology the study of horses
histology study of the tissues of organisms
histopathology study of changes in tissue due to disease
historiography study of writing history
historiology study of history
homiletics the art of preaching
hoplology the study of weapons
horography art of constructing sundials or clocks
horology science of time measurement
horticulture study of gardening
hydrobiology study of aquatic organisms
hydrodynamics study of movement in liquids
hydrogeology study of ground water
hydrography study of investigating bodies of water
hydrokinetics study of motion of fluids
hydrology study of water resources
hydrometeorology study of atmospheric moisture
hydropathy study of treating diseases with water
hyetology science of rainfall
hygiastics science of health and hygiene
hygienics study of sanitation; health
hygiology hygienics; study of cleanliness
hygrology study of humidity
hygrometry science of humidity
hymnography study of writing hymns
hymnology study of hymns
hypnology study of sleep; study of hypnosis
hypsography science of measuring heights
iamatology study of remedies
iatrology treatise or text on medical topics; study of medicine
iatromathematics archaic practice of medicine in conjunction with astrology
ichnography art of drawing ground plans; a ground plan
ichnology science of fossilized footprints
ichthyology study of fish
iconography study of drawing symbols
iconology study of icons; symbols
ideogeny study of origins of ideas
ideology science of ideas; system of ideas used to justify behaviour
idiomology study of idiom, jargon or dialect
idiopsychology psychology of one's own mind
immunogenetics study of genetic characteristics of immunity
immunology study of immunity
immunopathology study of immunity to disease
insectology study of insects
irenology the study of peace
iridology study of the iris; diagnosis of disease based on the iris of the eye
kalology study of beauty
karyology study of cell nuclei
kidology study of kidding
kinematics study of motion
kinesics study of gestural communication
kinesiology study of human movement and posture
kinetics study of forces producing or changing motion
koniology study of atmospheric pollutants and dust
ktenology science of putting people to death
kymatology study of wave motion
labeorphily collection and study of beer bottle labels
larithmics study of population statistics
laryngology study of larynx
lepidopterology study of butterflies and moths
leprology study of leprosy
lexicology study of words and their meanings
lexigraphy art of definition of words
lichenology study of lichens
limacology study of slugs
limnobiology study of freshwater ecosystems
limnology study of bodies of fresh water
linguistics study of language
lithology study of rocks
liturgiology study of liturgical forms and church rituals
loimology study of plagues and epidemics
loxodromy study of sailing along rhumb-lines
magirics art of cookery
magnanerie art of raising silkworms
magnetics study of magnetism
malacology study of molluscs
malariology study of malaria
mammalogy study of mammals
manège the art of horsemanship
Mariology study of the Virgin Mary
martyrology study of martyrs
mastology study of mammals
mathematics study of magnitude, number, and forms
mazology mammalogy; study of mammals
mechanics study of action of force on bodies
meconology study of or treatise concerning opium
melittology study of bees
mereology study of part-whole relationships
mesology ecology
metallogeny study of the origin and distribution of metal deposits
metallography study of the structure and constitution of metals
metallurgy study of alloying and treating metals
metaphysics study of principles of nature and thought
metapolitics study of politics in theory or abstract
metapsychology study of nature of the mind
meteoritics the study of meteors
meteorology study of weather
metrics study of versification
metrology science of weights and measures
microanatomy study of microscopic tissues
microbiology study of microscopic organisms
microclimatology study of local climates
micrology study or discussion of trivialities
micropalaeontology study of microscopic fossils
microphytology study of very small plant life
microscopy study of minute objects
mineralogy study of minerals
molinology study of mills and milling
momilogy study of mummies
morphology study of forms and the development of structures
muscology the study of mosses
museology the study of museums
musicology study of music
mycology study of funguses
myology study of muscles
myrmecology study of ants
mythology study of myths; fables; tales
naology study of church or temple architecture
nasology study of the nose
nautics art of navigation
nematology the study of nematodes
neonatology study of newborn babies
neossology study of nestling birds
nephology study of clouds
nephrology study of the kidneys
neurobiology study of anatomy of the nervous system
neurology study of nervous system
neuropsychology study of relation between brain and behaviour
neurypnology study of hypnotism
neutrosophy study of the origin and nature of philosophical neutralities
nidology study of nests
nomology the science of the laws; especially of the mind
noology science of the intellect
nosology study of diseases
nostology study of senility
notaphily collecting of bank-notes and cheques
numerology study of numbers
numismatics study of coins
nymphology study of nymphs
obstetrics study of midwifery
oceanography study of oceans
oceanology study of oceans
odology science of the hypothetical mystical force of od
odontology study of teeth
oenology study of wines
oikology science of housekeeping
olfactology study of the sense of smell
ombrology study of rain
oncology study of tumours
oneirology study of dreams
onomasiology study of nomenclature
onomastics study of proper names
ontology science of pure being; the nature of things
oology study of eggs
ophiology study of snakes
ophthalmology study of eye diseases
optics study of light
optology study of sight
optometry science of examining the eyes
orchidology study of orchids
ornithology study of birds
orology study of mountains
orthoepy study of correct pronunciation
orthography study of spelling
orthopterology study of cockroaches
oryctology mineralogy or Paleontology
osmics scientific study of smells
osmology study of smells and olfactory processes
osphresiology study of the sense of smell
osteology study of bones
otology study of the ear
otorhinolaryngology study of ear, nose and throat
paedology study of children
paedotrophy art of rearing children
paidonosology study of children's diseases; pediatrics
palaeoanthropology study of early humans
palaeobiology study of fossil plants and animals
palaeoclimatology study of ancient climates
palaeolimnology study of ancient fish
palaeolimnology study of ancient lakes
palaeontology study of fossils
palaeopedology study of early soils
paleobotany study of ancient plants
paleo-osteology study of ancient bones
palynology study of pollen
papyrology study of paper
parapsychology study of unexplained mental phenomena
parasitology study of parasites
paroemiology study of proverbs
parthenology study of virgins
pataphysics the science of imaginary solutions
pathology study of disease
patrology study of early Christianity
pedagogics study of teaching
pedology study of soils
pelology study of mud
penology study of crime and punishment
periodontics study of gums
peristerophily pigeon-collecting
pestology science of pests
petrology study of rocks
pharmacognosy study of drugs of animal and plant origin
pharmacology study of drugs
pharology study of lighthouses
pharyngology study of the throat
phenology study of organisms as affected by climate
phenomenology study of phenomena
philately study of postage stamps
philematology the act or study of kissing
phillumeny collecting of matchbox labels
philology study of ancient texts; historical linguistics
philosophy science of knowledge or wisdom
phoniatrics study and correction of speech defects
phonology study of speech sounds
photobiology study of effects of light on organisms
phraseology study of phrases
phrenology study of bumps on the head
phycology study of algae and seaweeds
physics study of properties of matter and energy
physiology study of processes of life
phytology study of plants; botany
piscatology study of fishes
pisteology science or study of faith
planetology study of planets
plutology political economy; study of wealth
pneumatics study of mechanics of gases
podiatry study and treatment of disorders of the foot; chiropody
podology study of the feet
polemology study of war
pomology study of fruit-growing
posology science of quantity or dosage
potamology study of rivers
praxeology study of practical or efficient activity; science of efficient action
primatology study of primates
proctology study of rectum
prosody study of versification
protistology study of protists
proxemics study of man's need for personal space
psalligraphy the art of paper-cutting to make pictures
psephology study of election results and voting trends
pseudology art or science of lying
pseudoptics study of optical illusions
psychobiology study of biology of the mind
psychogenetics study of internal or mental states
psychognosy study of mentality, personality or character
psychology study of mind
psychopathology study of mental illness
psychophysics study of link between mental and physical processes
pteridology study of ferns
pterylology study of distribution of feathers on birds
pyretology study of fevers
pyrgology study of towers
pyroballogy study of artillery
pyrography study of woodburning
quinology study of quinine
raciology study of racial differences
radiology study of X-rays and their medical applications
reflexology study of reflexes
rhabdology knowledge or learning concerning divining rods
rhabdology art of calculating using numbering rods
rheology science of the deformation or flow of matter
rheumatology study of rheumatism
rhinology study of the nose
rhochrematics science of inventory management and the movement of products
runology study of runes
sarcology study of fleshy parts of the body
satanology study of the devil
scatology study of excrement or obscene literature
schematonics art of using gesture to express tones
sciagraphy art of shading
scripophily collection of bond and share certificates
sedimentology study of sediment
seismology study of earthquakes
selenodesy study of the shape and features of the moon
selenology study of the moon
semantics study of meaning
semantology science of meanings of words
semasiology study of meaning; semantics
semiology study of signs and signals
semiotics study of signs and symbols
serology study of serums
sexology study of sexual behaviour
siderography art of engraving on steel
sigillography study of seals
significs science of meaning
silvics study of tree's life
sindonology study of the shroud of Turin
Sinology study of China
sitology dietetics
sociobiology study of biological basis of human behaviour
sociology study of society
somatology science of the properties of matter
sophiology science of ideas
soteriology study of theological salvation
spectrology study of ghosts
spectroscopy study of spectra
speleology study and exploration of caves
spermology study of seeds
sphagnology study of peat moss
sphragistics study of seals and signets
sphygmology study of the pulse
splanchnology study of the entrails or viscera
spongology study of sponges
stasiology study of political parties
statics study of bodies and forces in equilibrium
stemmatology study of relationships between texts
stoichiology science of elements of animal tissues
stomatology study of the mouth
storiology study of folk tales
stratigraphy study of geological layers or strata
stratography art of leading an army
stylometry studying literature by means of statistical analysis
suicidology study of suicide
symbology study of symbols
symptomatology study of symptoms of illness
synecology study of ecological communities
synectics study of processes of invention
syntax study of sentence structure
syphilology study of syphilis
systematology study of systems
taxidermy art of curing and stuffing animals
tectonics science of structure of objects, buildings and landforms
tegestology study and collecting of beer mats
teleology study of final causes; analysis in terms of purpose
telmatology study of swamps
teratology study of monsters, freaks, abnormal growths or malformations
teuthology study of cephalopods
textology study of the production of texts
thalassography science of the sea
thanatology study of death and its customs
thaumatology study of miracles
theology study of religion; religious doctrine
theriatrics veterinary medicine
theriogenology study of animals' reproductive systems
thermodynamics study of relation of heat to motion
thermokinematics study of motion of heat
thermology study of heat
therology study of wild mammals
thremmatology science of breeding domestic animals and plants
threpsology science of nutrition
tidology study of tides
timbrology study of postage stamps
tocology obstetrics; midwifery
tonetics study of pronunciation
topology study of places and their natural features
toponymics study of place-names
toreutics study of artistic work in metal
toxicology study of poisons
toxophily love of archery; archery; study of archery
traumatology study of wounds and their effects
tribology study of friction and wear between surfaces
trichology study of hair and its disorders
trophology study of nutrition
tsiganology study of gypsies
turnery art of turning in a lathe
typhlology study of blindness and the blind
typography art of printing or using type
typology study of types of things
ufology study of alien spacecraft
uranography descriptive astronomy and mapping
uranology study of the heavens; astronomy
urbanology study of cities
urenology study of rust molds
urology study of urine; urinary tract
venereology study of venereal disease
vermeology study of worms
vexillology study of flags
victimology study of victims
vinology scientific study of vines and winemaking
virology study of viruses
vitrics glassy materials; glassware; study of glassware
volcanology study of volcanoes
vulcanology study of volcanoes
xylography art of engraving on wood
xylology study of wood
zenography study of the planet Jupiter
zoiatrics veterinary surgery
zooarchaeology study of animal remains of archaeological sites
zoochemistry chemistry of animals
zoogeography study of geographic distribution of animals
zoogeology study of fossil animal remains
zoology study of animals
zoonomy animal physiology
zoonosology study of animal diseases
zoopathology study of animal diseases
zoophysics physics of animal bodies
zoophysiology study of physiology of animals
zoophytology study of plant-like animals
zoosemiotics study of animal communication
zootaxy science of classifying animals
zootechnics science of breeding animals
zygology science of joining and fastening
zymology science of fermentation
zymurgy branch of chemistry dealing with brewing and distilling
3 answers
acarology study of mites
accidence grammar book; science of inflections in grammar
aceology therapeutics
acology study of medical remedies
acoustics science of sound
adenology study of glands
aedoeology science of generative organs
aerobiology study of airborne organisms
aerodonetics science or study of gliding
aerodynamics dynamics of gases; science of movement in a flow of air or gas
aerolithology study of aerolites; meteorites
aerology study of the atmosphere
aeronautics study of navigation through air or space
aerophilately collecting of air-mail stamps
aerostatics science of air pressure; art of ballooning
agonistics art and theory of prize-fighting
agriology the comparative study of primitive peoples
agrobiology study of plant nutrition; soil yields
agrology study of agricultural soils
agronomics study of productivity of land
agrostology science or study of grasses
alethiology study of truth
algedonics science of pleasure and pain
algology study of algae
anaesthesiology study of anaesthetics
anaglyptics art of carving in bas-relief
anagraphy art of constructing catalogues
anatomy study of the structure of the body
andragogy science of teaching adults
anemology study of winds
angelology study of angels
angiology study of blood flow and lymphatic system
anthropobiology study of human biology
anthropology study of human cultures
aphnology science of wealth
apiology study of bees
arachnology study of spiders
archaeology study of human material remains
archelogy the study of first principles
archology science of the origins of government
arctophily study of teddy bears
areology study of Mars
aretaics the science of virtue
aristology the science or art of dining
arthrology study of joints
astacology the science of crayfish
astheniology study of diseases of weakening and aging
astrogeology study of extraterrestrial geology
astrology study of influence of stars on people
astrometeorology study of effect of stars on climate
astronomy study of celestial bodies
astrophysics study of behaviour of interstellar matter
astroseismology study of star oscillations
atmology the science of aqueous vapour
audiology study of hearing
autecology study of ecology of one species
autology scientific study of oneself
auxology science of growth
avionics the science of electronic devices for aircraft
axiology the science of the ultimate nature of values
bacteriology study of bacteria
balneology the science of the therapeutic use of baths
barodynamics science of the support and mechanics of bridges
barology study of gravitation
batology the study of brambles
bibliology study of books
bibliotics study of documents to determine authenticity
bioecology study of interaction of life in the environment
biology study of life
biometrics study of biological measurement
bionomics study of organisms interacting in their environments
botany study of plants
bromatology study of food
brontology scientific study of thunder
bryology the study of mosses and liverworts
cacogenics study of racial degeneration
caliology study of bird's nests
calorifics study of heat
cambistry science of international exchange
campanology the art of bell ringing
carcinology study of crabs and other crustaceans
cardiology study of the heart
caricology study of sedges
carpology study of fruit
cartography the science of making maps and globes
cartophily the hobby of collecting cigarette cards
castrametation the art of designing a camp
catacoustics science of echoes or reflected sounds
catalactics science of commercial exchange
catechectics the art of teaching by question and answer
cetology study of whales and dolphins
chalcography the art of engraving on copper or brass
chalcotriptics art of taking rubbings from ornamental brasses
chaology the study of chaos or chaos theory
characterology study of development of character
chemistry study of properties of substances
chirocosmetics beautifying the hands; art of manicure
chirography study of handwriting or penmanship
chirology study of the hands
chiropody medical science of feet
chorology science of the geographic description of anything
chrematistics the study of wealth; political economy
chronobiology study of biological rhythms
chrysology study of precious metals
ciselure the art of chasing metal
climatology study of climate
clinology study of aging or individual decline after maturity
codicology study of manuscripts
coleopterology study of beetles and weevils
cometology study of comets
conchology study of shells
coprology study of pornography
cosmetology study of cosmetics
cosmology study of the universe
craniology study of the skull
criminology study of crime; criminals
cryobiology study of life under cold conditions
cryptology study of codes
cryptozoology study of animals for whose existence there is no conclusive proof
ctetology study of the inheritance of acquired characteristics
cynology scientific study of dogs
cytology study of living cells
dactyliology study of rings
dactylography the study of fingerprints
dactylology study of sign language
deltiology the collection and study of picture postcards
demology study of human behaviour
demonology study of demons
dendrochronology study of tree rings
dendrology study of trees
deontology the theory or study of moral obligation
dermatoglyphics the study of skin patterns and fingerprints
dermatology study of skin
desmology study of ligaments
diabology study of devils
diagraphics art of making diagrams or drawings
dialectology study of dialects
dioptrics study of light refraction
diplomatics science of deciphering ancient writings and texts
diplomatology study of diplomats
docimology the art of assaying
dosiology the study of doses
dramaturgy art of producing and staging dramatic works
dysgenics the study of racial degeneration
dysteleology study of purposeless organs
ecclesiology study of church affairs
eccrinology study of excretion
ecology study of environment
economics study of material wealth
edaphology study of soils
Egyptology study of ancient Egypt
ekistics study of human settlement
electrochemistry study of relations between electricity and chemicals
electrology study of electricity
electrostatics study of static electricity
embryology study of embryos
emetology study of vomiting
emmenology the study of menstruation
endemiology study of local diseases
endocrinology study of glands
enigmatology study of enigmas
entomology study of insects
entozoology study of parasites that live inside larger organisms
enzymology study of enzymes
ephebiatrics branch of medicine dealing with adolescence
epidemiology study of diseases; epidemics
epileptology study of epilepsy
epistemology study of grounds of knowledge
eremology study of deserts
ergology study of effects of work on humans
ergonomics study of people at work
escapology study of freeing oneself from constraints
eschatology study of death; final matters
ethnogeny study of origins of races or ethnic groups
ethnology study of cultures
ethnomethodology study of everyday communication
ethnomusicology study of comparative musical systems
ethology study of natural or biological character
ethonomics study of economic and ethical principles of a society
etiology the science of causes; especially of disease
etymology study of origins of words
euthenics science concerned with improving living conditions
exobiology study of extraterrestrial life
floristry the art of cultivating and selling flowers
fluviology study of watercourses
folkloristics study of folklore and fables
futurology study of future
garbology study of garbage
gastroenterology study of stomach; intestines
gastronomy study of fine dining
gemmology study of gems and jewels
genealogy study of descent of families
genesiology study of reproduction and heredity
genethlialogy the art of casting horoscopes
geochemistry study of chemistry of the earth's crust
geochronology study of measuring geological time
geogeny science of the formation of the earth's crust
geogony study of formation of the earth
geography study of surface of the earth and its inhabitants
geology study of earth's crust
geomorphogeny study of the origins of land forms
geoponics study of agriculture
geotechnics study of increasing habitability of the earth
geratology study of decadence and decay
gerocomy study of old age
gerontology study of the elderly; aging
gigantology study of giants
glaciology study of ice ages and glaciation
glossology study of language; study of the tongue
glyptography the art of engraving on gems
glyptology study of gem engravings
gnomonics the art of measuring time using sundials
gnosiology study of knowledge; philosophy of knowledge
gnotobiology study of life in germ-free conditions
graminology study of grasses
grammatology study of systems of writing
graphemics study of systems of representing speech in writing
graphology study of handwriting
gromatics science of surveying
gynaecology study of women's physiology
gyrostatics the study of rotating bodies
haemataulics study of movement of blood through blood vessels
hagiology study of saints
halieutics study of fishing
hamartiology study of sin
harmonics study of musical acoustics
hedonics part of ethics or psychology dealing with pleasure
helcology study of ulcers
heliology science of the sun
helioseismology study of sun's interior by observing its surface oscillations
helminthology study of worms
hematology study of blood
heortology study of religious feasts
hepatology study of liver
heraldry study of coats of arms
heresiology study of heresies
herpetology study of reptiles and amphibians
hierology science of sacred matters
hippiatrics study of diseases of horses
hippology the study of horses
histology study of the tissues of organisms
histopathology study of changes in tissue due to disease
historiography study of writing history
historiology study of history
homiletics the art of preaching
hoplology the study of weapons
horography art of constructing sundials or clocks
horology science of time measurement
horticulture study of gardening
hydrobiology study of aquatic organisms
hydrodynamics study of movement in liquids
hydrogeology study of ground water
hydrography study of investigating bodies of water
hydrokinetics study of motion of fluids
hydrology study of water resources
hydrometeorology study of atmospheric moisture
hydropathy study of treating diseases with water
hyetology science of rainfall
hygiastics science of health and hygiene
hygienics study of sanitation; health
hygiology hygienics; study of cleanliness
hygrology study of humidity
hygrometry science of humidity
hymnography study of writing hymns
hymnology study of hymns
hypnology study of sleep; study of hypnosis
hypsography science of measuring heights
iamatology study of remedies
iatrology treatise or text on medical topics; study of medicine
iatromathematics archaic practice of medicine in conjunction with astrology
ichnography art of drawing ground plans; a ground plan
ichnology science of fossilized footprints
ichthyology study of fish
iconography study of drawing symbols
iconology study of icons; symbols
ideogeny study of origins of ideas
ideology science of ideas; system of ideas used to justify behaviour
idiomology study of idiom, jargon or dialect
idiopsychology psychology of one's own mind
immunogenetics study of genetic characteristics of immunity
immunology study of immunity
immunopathology study of immunity to disease
insectology study of insects
irenology the study of peace
iridology study of the iris; diagnosis of disease based on the iris of the eye
kalology study of beauty
karyology study of cell nuclei
kidology study of kidding
kinematics study of motion
kinesics study of gestural communication
kinesiology study of human movement and posture
kinetics study of forces producing or changing motion
koniology study of atmospheric pollutants and dust
ktenology science of putting people to death
kymatology study of wave motion
labeorphily collection and study of beer bottle labels
larithmics study of population statistics
laryngology study of larynx
lepidopterology study of butterflies and moths
leprology study of leprosy
lexicology study of words and their meanings
lexigraphy art of definition of words
lichenology study of lichens
limacology study of slugs
limnobiology study of freshwater ecosystems
limnology study of bodies of fresh water
linguistics study of language
lithology study of rocks
liturgiology study of liturgical forms and church rituals
loimology study of plagues and epidemics
loxodromy study of sailing along rhumb-lines
magirics art of cookery
magnanerie art of raising silkworms
magnetics study of magnetism
malacology study of molluscs
malariology study of malaria
mammalogy study of mammals
manège the art of horsemanship
Mariology study of the Virgin Mary
martyrology study of martyrs
mastology study of mammals
mathematics study of magnitude, number, and forms
mazology mammalogy; study of mammals
mechanics study of action of force on bodies
meconology study of or treatise concerning opium
melittology study of bees
mereology study of part-whole relationships
mesology ecology
metallogeny study of the origin and distribution of metal deposits
metallography study of the structure and constitution of metals
metallurgy study of alloying and treating metals
metaphysics study of principles of nature and thought
metapolitics study of politics in theory or abstract
metapsychology study of nature of the mind
meteoritics the study of meteors
meteorology study of weather
metrics study of versification
metrology science of weights and measures
microanatomy study of microscopic tissues
microbiology study of microscopic organisms
microclimatology study of local climates
micrology study or discussion of trivialities
micropalaeontology study of microscopic fossils
microphytology study of very small plant life
microscopy study of minute objects
mineralogy study of minerals
molinology study of mills and milling
momilogy study of mummies
morphology study of forms and the development of structures
muscology the study of mosses
museology the study of museums
musicology study of music
mycology study of funguses
myology study of muscles
myrmecology study of ants
mythology study of myths; fables; tales
naology study of church or temple architecture
nasology study of the nose
nautics art of navigation
nematology the study of nematodes
neonatology study of newborn babies
neossology study of nestling birds
nephology study of clouds
nephrology study of the kidneys
neurobiology study of anatomy of the nervous system
neurology study of nervous system
neuropsychology study of relation between brain and behaviour
neurypnology study of hypnotism
neutrosophy study of the origin and nature of philosophical neutralities
nidology study of nests
nomology the science of the laws; especially of the mind
noology science of the intellect
nosology study of diseases
nostology study of senility
notaphily collecting of bank-notes and cheques
numerology study of numbers
numismatics study of coins
nymphology study of nymphs
obstetrics study of midwifery
oceanography study of oceans
oceanology study of oceans
odology science of the hypothetical mystical force of od
odontology study of teeth
oenology study of wines
oikology science of housekeeping
olfactology study of the sense of smell
ombrology study of rain
oncology study of tumours
oneirology study of dreams
onomasiology study of nomenclature
onomastics study of proper names
ontology science of pure being; the nature of things
oology study of eggs
ophiology study of snakes
ophthalmology study of eye diseases
optics study of light
optology study of sight
optometry science of examining the eyes
orchidology study of orchids
ornithology study of birds
orology study of mountains
orthoepy study of correct pronunciation
orthography study of spelling
orthopterology study of cockroaches
oryctology mineralogy or Paleontology
osmics scientific study of smells
osmology study of smells and olfactory processes
osphresiology study of the sense of smell
osteology study of bones
otology study of the ear
otorhinolaryngology study of ear, nose and throat
paedology study of children
paedotrophy art of rearing children
paidonosology study of children's diseases; pediatrics
palaeoanthropology study of early humans
palaeobiology study of fossil plants and animals
palaeoclimatology study of ancient climates
palaeolimnology study of ancient fish
palaeolimnology study of ancient lakes
palaeontology study of fossils
palaeopedology study of early soils
paleobotany study of ancient plants
paleo-osteology study of ancient bones
palynology study of pollen
papyrology study of paper
parapsychology study of unexplained mental phenomena
parasitology study of parasites
paroemiology study of proverbs
parthenology study of virgins
pataphysics the science of imaginary solutions
pathology study of disease
patrology study of early Christianity
pedagogics study of teaching
pedology study of soils
pelology study of mud
penology study of crime and punishment
periodontics study of gums
peristerophily pigeon-collecting
pestology science of pests
petrology study of rocks
pharmacognosy study of drugs of animal and plant origin
pharmacology study of drugs
pharology study of lighthouses
pharyngology study of the throat
phenology study of organisms as affected by climate
phenomenology study of phenomena
philately study of postage stamps
philematology the act or study of kissing
phillumeny collecting of matchbox labels
philology study of ancient texts; historical linguistics
philosophy science of knowledge or wisdom
phoniatrics study and correction of speech defects
phonology study of speech sounds
photobiology study of effects of light on organisms
phraseology study of phrases
phrenology study of bumps on the head
phycology study of algae and seaweeds
physics study of properties of matter and energy
physiology study of processes of life
phytology study of plants; botany
piscatology study of fishes
pisteology science or study of faith
planetology study of planets
plutology political economy; study of wealth
pneumatics study of mechanics of gases
podiatry study and treatment of disorders of the foot; chiropody
podology study of the feet
polemology study of war
pomology study of fruit-growing
posology science of quantity or dosage
potamology study of rivers
praxeology study of practical or efficient activity; science of efficient action
primatology study of primates
proctology study of rectum
prosody study of versification
protistology study of protists
proxemics study of man's need for personal space
psalligraphy the art of paper-cutting to make pictures
psephology study of election results and voting trends
pseudology art or science of lying
pseudoptics study of optical illusions
psychobiology study of biology of the mind
psychogenetics study of internal or mental states
psychognosy study of mentality, personality or character
psychology study of mind
psychopathology study of mental illness
psychophysics study of link between mental and physical processes
pteridology study of ferns
pterylology study of distribution of feathers on birds
pyretology study of fevers
pyrgology study of towers
pyroballogy study of artillery
pyrography study of woodburning
quinology study of quinine
raciology study of racial differences
radiology study of X-rays and their medical applications
reflexology study of reflexes
rhabdology knowledge or learning concerning divining rods
rhabdology art of calculating using numbering rods
rheology science of the deformation or flow of matter
rheumatology study of rheumatism
rhinology study of the nose
rhochrematics science of inventory management and the movement of products
runology study of runes
sarcology study of fleshy parts of the body
satanology study of the devil
scatology study of excrement or obscene literature
schematonics art of using gesture to express tones
sciagraphy art of shading
scripophily collection of bond and share certificates
sedimentology study of sediment
seismology study of earthquakes
selenodesy study of the shape and features of the moon
selenology study of the moon
semantics study of meaning
semantology science of meanings of words
semasiology study of meaning; semantics
semiology study of signs and signals
semiotics study of signs and symbols
serology study of serums
sexology study of sexual behaviour
siderography art of engraving on steel
sigillography study of seals
significs science of meaning
silvics study of tree's life
sindonology study of the shroud of Turin
Sinology study of China
sitology dietetics
sociobiology study of biological basis of human behaviour
sociology study of society
somatology science of the properties of matter
sophiology science of ideas
soteriology study of theological salvation
spectrology study of ghosts
spectroscopy study of spectra
speleology study and exploration of caves
spermology study of seeds
sphagnology study of peat moss
sphragistics study of seals and signets
sphygmology study of the pulse
splanchnology study of the entrails or viscera
spongology study of sponges
stasiology study of political parties
statics study of bodies and forces in equilibrium
stemmatology study of relationships between texts
stoichiology science of elements of animal tissues
stomatology study of the mouth
storiology study of folk tales
stratigraphy study of geological layers or strata
stratography art of leading an army
stylometry studying literature by means of statistical analysis
suicidology study of suicide
symbology study of symbols
symptomatology study of symptoms of illness
synecology study of ecological communities
synectics study of processes of invention
syntax study of sentence structure
syphilology study of syphilis
systematology study of systems
taxidermy art of curing and stuffing animals
tectonics science of structure of objects, buildings and landforms
tegestology study and collecting of beer mats
teleology study of final causes; analysis in terms of purpose
telmatology study of swamps
teratology study of monsters, freaks, abnormal growths or malformations
teuthology study of cephalopods
textology study of the production of texts
thalassography science of the sea
thanatology study of death and its customs
thaumatology study of miracles
theology study of religion; religious doctrine
theriatrics veterinary medicine
theriogenology study of animals' reproductive systems
thermodynamics study of relation of heat to motion
thermokinematics study of motion of heat
thermology study of heat
therology study of wild mammals
thremmatology science of breeding domestic animals and plants
threpsology science of nutrition
tidology study of tides
timbrology study of postage stamps
tocology obstetrics; midwifery
tonetics study of pronunciation
topology study of places and their natural features
toponymics study of place-names
toreutics study of artistic work in metal
toxicology study of poisons
toxophily love of archery; archery; study of archery
traumatology study of wounds and their effects
tribology study of friction and wear between surfaces
trichology study of hair and its disorders
trophology study of nutrition
tsiganology study of gypsies
turnery art of turning in a lathe
typhlology study of blindness and the blind
typography art of printing or using type
typology study of types of things
ufology study of alien spacecraft
uranography descriptive astronomy and mapping
uranology study of the heavens; astronomy
urbanology study of cities
urenology study of rust molds
urology study of urine; urinary tract
venereology study of venereal disease
vermeology study of worms
vexillology study of flags
victimology study of victims
vinology scientific study of vines and winemaking
virology study of viruses
vitrics glassy materials; glassware; study of glassware
volcanology study of volcanoes
vulcanology study of volcanoes
xylography art of engraving on wood
xylology study of wood
zenography study of the planet Jupiter
zoiatrics veterinary surgery
zooarchaeology study of animal remains of archaeological sites
zoochemistry chemistry of animals
zoogeography study of geographic distribution of animals
zoogeology study of fossil animal remains
zoology study of animals
zoonomy animal physiology
zoonosology study of animal diseases
zoopathology study of animal diseases
zoophysics physics of animal bodies
zoophysiology study of physiology of animals
zoophytology study of plant-like animals
zoosemiotics study of animal communication
zootaxy science of classifying animals
zootechnics science of breeding animals
zygology science of joining and fastening
zymology science of fermentation
zymurgy branch of chemistry dealing with brewing and distilling
1 answer
The five main divisions of science are: physical sciences which study non-living systems (e.g. physics, chemistry), biological sciences which study living organisms (e.g. biology, zoology), earth sciences which study the Earth (e.g. geology, meteorology), social sciences which study human behavior and societies (e.g. psychology, sociology), and applied sciences which apply scientific knowledge to solve practical problems (e.g. engineering, medicine).
9 answers
* oaf * oafish * oafishly * oafishness * oafishnesses * oafs * oak * oaken * oakenshaw * oakenshaws * oaker * oakers * oakier * oakiest * oakleaf * oakleaves * oaklike * oakling * oaklings * oakmoss * oakmosses * oaks * oakum * oakums * oaky * oar * oarage * oarages * oared * oarfish * oarfishes * oarier * oariest * oaring * oarless * oarlike * oarlock * oarlocks * oars * oarsman * oarsmanship * oarsmanships * oarsmen * oarswoman * oarswomen * oarweed * oarweeds * oary * oases * oasis * oast * oasthouse * oasthouses * oasts * oat * oatcake * oatcakes * oaten * oater * oaters * oath * oathable * oaths * oatlike * oatmeal * oatmeals * oats * oaves * ob * oba * obang * obangs * obas * obbligati * obbligato * obbligatos * obcompressed * obconic * obconical * obcordate * obdiplostemonous * obduracies * obduracy * obdurate * obdurated * obdurately * obdurateness * obduratenesses * obdurates * obdurating * obduration * obdurations * obdure * obdured * obdures * obduring * obe * obeah * 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* obsoletions * obsoletism * obsoletisms * obstacle * obstacles * obstetric * obstetrical * obstetrically * obstetrician * obstetricians * obstetrics * obstinacies * obstinacy * obstinate * obstinately * obstinateness * obstinatenesses * obstipation * obstipations * obstreperate * obstreperated * obstreperates * obstreperating * obstreperous * obstreperously * obstreperousness * obstreperousnesses * obstriction * obstrictions * obstropalous * obstropulous * obstruct * obstructed * obstructer * obstructers * obstructing * obstruction * obstructional * obstructionally * obstructionism * obstructionisms * obstructionist * obstructionistic * obstructionists * obstructions * obstructive * obstructively * obstructiveness * obstructivenesses * obstructives * obstructor * obstructors * obstructs * obstruent * obstruents * obtain * obtainabilities * obtainability * obtainable * obtained * obtainer * obtainers * obtaining * obtainment * obtainments * obtains * obtect * obtected * obtemper * 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oglings * ogmic * ogonek * ogoneks * ogre * ogreish * ogreism * ogreisms * ogres * ogress * ogresses * ogrish * ogrishly * ogrism * ogrisms * oh * ohed * ohia * ohias * ohing * ohm * ohmage * ohmages * ohmic * ohmically * ohmmeter * ohmmeters * ohms * oho * ohone * ohos * ohs * oi * oidia * oidioid * oidium * oik * oikist * oikists * oiks * oil * oilbird * oilbirds * oilcamp * oilcamps * oilcan * oilcans * oilcloth * oilcloths * oilcup * oilcups * oiled * oiler * oileries * oilers * oilery * oilfield * oilfields * oilhole * oilholes * oilier * oiliest * oilily * oiliness * oilinesses * oiling * oillet * oillets * oilman * oilmen * oilnut * oilnuts * oilpaper * oilpapers * oilproof * oils * oilseed * oilseeds * oilskin * oilskins * oilstone * oilstones * oiltight * oilway * oilways * oily * oink * oinked * oinking * oinks * oinologies * oinology * oinomel * oinomels * oint * ointed * ointing * ointment * ointments * oints * oiticica * oiticicas * ojime * ojimes * oka * okapi * okapis * okas * okay * okayed * okaying * okays * oke * okeh * okehs * okes * okeydoke * okeydokey * okimono * okimonos * okra * okras * okta * oktas * old * olde * olden * oldened * oldening * oldens * older * oldest * oldfangled * oldie * oldies * oldish * oldness * oldnesses * olds * oldsquaw * oldsquaws * oldster * oldsters * oldstyle * oldstyles * oldwife * oldwives * oldy * ole * olea * oleaceous * oleaginous * oleaginously * oleaginousness * oleaginousnesses * oleander * oleanders * oleandomycin * oleandomycins * olearia * olearias * oleaster * oleasters * oleate * oleates * olecranal * olecranon * olecranons * olefiant * olefin * olefine * olefines * olefinic * olefins * oleic * oleiferous * olein * oleine * oleines * oleins * olent * oleo * oleograph * oleographic * oleographies * oleographs * oleography * oleomargarin * oleomargarine * oleomargarines * oleomargarins * oleophilic * oleoresin * oleoresinous * oleoresins * oleos * oleraceous * oles * olestra * olestras * oleum * oleums * 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ombudswomen * ombus * omega * omegas * omelet * omelets * omelette * omelettes * omen * omened * omening * omens * omenta * omental * omentum * omentums * omer * omers * omerta * omertas * omicron * omicrons * omikron * omikrons * ominous * ominously * ominousness * ominousnesses * omissible * omission * omissions * omissive * omissively * omissiveness * omissivenesses * omit * omits * omittance * omittances * omitted * omitter * omitters * omitting * omlah * omlahs * ommatea * ommateum * ommatidia * ommatidial * ommatidium * ommatophore * ommatophores * omneities * omneity * omniana * omniarch * omniarchs * omnibenevolence * omnibenevolences * omnibenevolent * omnibus * omnibuses * omnibusses * omnicompetence * omnicompetences * omnicompetent * omnidirectional * omnieties * omniety * omnifarious * omnifariously * omnifariousness * omnifariousnesses * omniferous * omnific * omnificence * omnificences * omnificent * omnified * omnifies * omniform * omniformities * omniformity * omnify * 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onchocerciasis * oncidium * oncidiums * oncogen * oncogene * oncogenes * oncogeneses * oncogenesis * oncogeneticist * oncogeneticists * oncogenic * oncogenicities * oncogenicity * oncogens * oncologic * oncological * oncologies * oncologist * oncologists * oncology * oncolyses * oncolysis * oncolytic * oncolytics * oncome * oncomes * oncometer * oncometers * oncomice * oncoming * oncomings * oncomouse * oncornavirus * oncornaviruses * oncost * oncostman * oncostmen * oncosts * oncotomies * oncotomy * oncovirus * oncoviruses * oncus * ondatra * ondatras * ondine * ondines * onding * ondings * ondogram * ondograms * one * onefold * oneiric * oneirically * oneirocritic * oneirocritical * oneirocriticism * oneirocriticisms * oneirocritics * oneirodynia * oneirodynias * oneirologies * oneirology * oneiromancer * oneiromancers * oneiromancies * oneiromancy * oneiroscopies * oneiroscopist * oneiroscopists * oneiroscopy * onely * oneness * onenesses * oner * onerier * oneriest * onerous * onerously * onerousness * onerousnesses * oners * onery * ones * oneself * onetime * oneyer * oneyers * oneyre * oneyres * onfall * onfalls * onflow * onflows * ongoing * ongoingness * ongoingnesses * ongoings * onion * onioned * onioning * onions * onionskin * onionskins * oniony * oniric * oniscoid * onium * onkus * onlaid * onlay * onlaying * onlays * onliest * online * onliner * onliners * onload * onloaded * onloading * onloads * onlooker * onlookers * onlooking * only * onned * onning * onocentaur * onocentaurs * onomastic * onomastically * onomastician * onomasticians * onomasticon * onomasticons * onomastics * onomatologies * onomatologist * onomatologists * onomatology * onomatopoeia * onomatopoeias * onomatopoeic * onomatopoeically * onomatopoeses * onomatopoesis * onomatopoetic * onomatopoetically * onomatopoieses * onomatopoiesis * onrush * onrushes * onrushing * ons * onscreen * onset * onsets * onsetter * onsetters * onsetting * onsettings * onshore * onside * onsides * onslaught * onslaughts * onst * onstage * onstead * onsteads * onstream * ontic * ontically * onto * ontogeneses * ontogenesis * ontogenetic * ontogenetically * ontogenic * ontogenically * ontogenies * ontogeny * ontologic * ontological * ontologically * ontologies * ontologist * ontologists * ontology * onus * onuses * onward * onwardly * onwards * onycha * onychas * onychia * onychias * onychite * onychites * onychitis * onychitises * onychium * onychiums * onychocryptoses * onychocryptosis * onycholyses * onycholysis * onychomancies * onychomancy * onychophagies * onychophagist * onychophagists * onychophagy * onychophoran * onychophorans * onymous * onyx * onyxes * oo * oobit * oobits * oocyst * oocysts * oocyte * oocytes * oodles * oodlins * oof * oofs * ooftish * ooftishes * oogamete * oogametes * oogamies * oogamous * oogamy * oogeneses * oogenesis * oogenetic * oogenies * oogeny * oogonia * oogonial * oogonium * oogoniums * ooh * oohed * oohing * oohs * ooidal * oolachan * oolachans * oolakan * oolakans * oolemma * oolemmas * oolite * oolites * oolith * ooliths * oolitic * oologic * oological * oologies * oologist * oologists * oology * oolong * oolongs * oom * oomiac * oomiack * oomiacks * oomiacs * oomiak * oomiaks * oompah * oompahed * oompahing * oompahs * oomph * oomphs * ooms * oon * oons * oont * oonts * oop * ooped * oophorectomies * oophorectomise * oophorectomised * oophorectomises * oophorectomising * oophorectomize * oophorectomized * oophorectomizes * oophorectomizing * oophorectomy * oophoritis * oophoritises * oophoron * oophorons * oophyte * oophytes * oophytic * ooping * oops * oor * oorali * ooralis * oorial * oorials * oorie * oorier * ooriest * oos * oose * ooses * oosier * oosiest * oosperm * oosperms * oosphere * oospheres * oospore * oospores * oosporic * oosy * oot * ootheca * oothecae * oothecal * ootid * ootids * oots * ooze * oozed * oozes * oozier * ooziest * oozily * ooziness * oozinesses * oozing * oozy * op * opacified * opacifier * opacifiers * opacifies * opacify * opacifying * opacities * opacity * opacous * opah * opahs * opal * opaled * opalesce * opalesced * opalescence * opalescences * opalescent * opalescently * opalesces * opalescing * opaleye * opaleyes * opaline * opalines * opalised * opalized * opals * opaque * opaqued * opaquely * opaqueness * opaquenesses * opaquer * opaques * opaquest * opaquing * opcode * opcodes * ope * oped * opeidoscope * opeidoscopes * open * openabilities * openability * openable * opencast * opened * opener * openers * openest * openhanded * openhandedly * openhandedness * openhandednesses * openhearted * openheartedly * openheartedness * openheartednesses * opening * openings * openly * openminded * openmindedness * openmindednesses * openmouthed * openmouthedly * openmouthedness * openmouthednesses * openness * opennesses * opens * openwork * openworks * opepe * opepes * opera * operabilities * operability * operable * operably * operagoer * operagoers * operagoing * operagoings * operand * operands * operant * operantly * operants * operas * operate * operated * operates * operatic * operatically * operatics * operating * operation * operational * operationalism * operationalisms * operationalist * operationalistic * operationalists * operationally * operationism * operationisms * operationist * operationists * operations * operative * operatively * operativeness * operativenesses * operatives * operator * operatorless * operators * opercele * operceles * opercula * opercular * opercularly * operculars * operculate * operculated * opercule * opercules * operculum * operculums * operetta * operettas * operettist * operettists * operon * operons * operose * operosely * operoseness * operosenesses * operosities * operosity * opes * ophicalcite * ophicalcites * ophicleide * ophicleides * ophidian * ophidians * ophidiaria * ophidiarium * ophidiariums * ophiolater * ophiolaters * ophiolatries * ophiolatrous * ophiolatry * ophiolite * ophiolites * ophiolitic * ophiologic * ophiological * ophiologies * ophiologist * ophiologists * ophiology * ophiomorph * ophiomorphic * ophiomorphous * ophiomorphs * ophiophagous * ophiophilist * ophiophilists * ophite * ophites * ophitic * ophiura * ophiuran * ophiurans * ophiuras * ophiurid * ophiurids * ophiuroid * ophiuroids * ophthalmia * ophthalmias * ophthalmic * ophthalmist * ophthalmists * ophthalmitis * ophthalmitises * ophthalmologic * ophthalmological * ophthalmologically * ophthalmologies * ophthalmologist * ophthalmologists * ophthalmology * ophthalmometer * ophthalmometers * ophthalmometries * ophthalmometry * ophthalmophobia * ophthalmophobias * ophthalmoplegia * ophthalmoplegias * ophthalmoscope * ophthalmoscopes * ophthalmoscopic * ophthalmoscopical * ophthalmoscopically * ophthalmoscopies * ophthalmoscopy * opiate * opiated * opiates * opiating * opificer * opificers * opinable * opine * opined * opines * oping * opinicus * opinicuses * opining * opinion * opinionated * opinionatedly * opinionatedness * opinionatednesses * opinionately * opinionative * opinionatively * opinionativeness * opinionativenesses * opinionator * opinionators * opinioned * opinionist * opinionists * opinions * opioid * opioids * opisometer * opisometers * opisthobranch * opisthobranches * opisthobranchs * opisthocoelian * opisthocoelous * opisthodomos * opisthodomoses * opisthoglossal * opisthognathism * opisthognathisms * opisthognathous * opisthograph * opisthographic * opisthographies * opisthographs * opisthography * opisthotonic * opisthotonos * opisthotonoses * opium * opiumism * opiumisms * opiums * opobalsam * opobalsams * opodeldoc * opodeldocs * opopanax * opopanaxes * oporice * oporices * opossum * opossums * opotherapies * opotherapy * oppidan * oppidans * oppignerate * oppignerated * oppignerates * oppignerating * oppignorate * oppignorated * oppignorates * oppignorating * oppignoration * oppignorations * oppilant * oppilate * oppilated * oppilates * oppilating * oppilation * oppilations * oppilative * opponencies * opponency * opponent * opponents * opportune * opportunely * opportuneness * opportunenesses * opportunism * opportunisms * opportunist * opportunistic * opportunistically * opportunists * opportunities * opportunity * opposabilities * opposability * opposable * oppose * opposed * opposeless * opposer * opposers * opposes * opposing * opposite * oppositely * oppositeness * oppositenesses * opposites * opposition * oppositional * oppositionist * oppositionists * oppositions * oppositive * oppress * oppressed * oppresses * oppressing * oppression * oppressions * oppressive * oppressively * oppressiveness * oppressivenesses * oppressor * oppressors * opprobria * opprobrious * opprobriously * opprobriousness * opprobriousnesses * opprobrium * opprobriums * oppugn * oppugnancies * oppugnancy * oppugnant * oppugnants * oppugned * oppugner * oppugners * oppugning * oppugns * ops * opsimath * opsimathies * opsimaths * opsimathy * opsin * opsins * opsiometer * opsiometers * opsomania * opsomaniac * opsomaniacs * opsomanias * opsonic * opsonification * opsonifications * opsonified * opsonifies * opsonify * opsonifying * opsonin * opsonins * opsonium * opsoniums * opsonization * opsonizations * opsonize * opsonized * opsonizes * opsonizing * opt * optant * optants * optative * optatively * optatives * opted * opter * opters * optic * optical * optically * optician * opticians * opticist * opticists * optics * optima * optimal * optimalisation * optimalisations * optimalise * optimalised * optimalises * optimalising * optimalities * optimality * optimalization * optimalizations * optimalize * optimalized * optimalizes * optimalizing * optimally * optimate * optimates * optime * optimes * optimisation * optimisations * optimise * optimised * optimises * optimising * optimism * optimisms * optimist * optimistic * optimistically * optimists * optimization * optimizations * optimize * optimized * optimizer * optimizers * optimizes * optimizing * optimum * optimums * opting * option * optional * optionalities * optionality * optionally * optionals * optioned * optionee * optionees * optioning * options * optoacoustic * optoelectronic * optoelectronics * optokinetic * optologies * optologist * optologists * optology * optometer * optometers * optometric * optometrical * optometries * optometrist * optometrists * optometry * optophone * optophones * optronics * opts * opulence * opulences * opulencies * opulency * opulent * opulently * opulus * opuluses * opuntia * opuntias * opus * opuscle * opuscles * opuscula * opuscular * opuscule * opuscules * opusculum * opuses * oquassa * oquassas * or * ora * orach * orache * oraches * oracies * oracle * oracled * oracles * oracling * oracular * oracularities * oracularity * oracularly * oracularness * oracularnesses * oraculous * oraculously * oraculousness * oraculousnesses * oracy * orad * oragious * oral * oralism * oralisms * oralist * oralists * oralities * orality * orally * orals * orang * orange * orangeade * orangeades * orangeness * oranger * orangerie * orangeries * orangeroot * orangeroots * orangery * oranges * orangest * orangewood * orangewoods * orangey * orangier * orangiest * orangish * orangoutang * orangoutangs * orangs * orangutan * orangutang * orangutangs * orangutans * orangy * orant * orants * oraria * orarian * orarians * orarion * orarions * orarium * orariums * orate * orated * orates * orating * oration * orations * orator * oratorial * oratorian * oratorians * oratorical * oratorically * oratories * oratorio * oratorios * orators * oratory * oratress * oratresses * oratrices * oratrix * oratrixes * orb * orbed * orbicular * orbiculares * orbicularis * orbicularities * orbicularity * orbicularly * orbiculate * orbiculated * orbiculately * orbier * orbiest * orbing * orbit * orbita * orbital * orbitals * orbitas * orbited * orbiteer * orbiteered * orbiteering * orbiteers * orbiter * orbiters * orbities * orbiting * orbits * orbity * orbless * orbs * orby * orc * orca * orcas * orcein * orceins * orchard * orcharding * orchardings * orchardist * orchardists * orchardman * orchardmen * orchards * orchat * orchats * orchel * orchella * orchellas * orchels * orcheses * orchesis * orchesographies * orchesography * orchestic * orchestics * orchestra * orchestral * orchestralist * orchestralists * orchestrally * orchestras * orchestrate * orchestrated * orchestrater * orchestraters * orchestrates * orchestrating * orchestration * orchestrational * orchestrations * orchestrator * orchestrators * orchestric * orchestrina * orchestrinas * orchestrion * orchestrions * orchid * orchidaceous * orchidectomies * orchidectomy * orchideous * orchidist * orchidists * orchidlike * orchidologies * orchidologist * orchidologists * orchidology * orchidomania * orchidomaniac * orchidomaniacs * orchidomanias * orchids * orchiectomies * orchiectomy * orchil * orchilla * orchillas * orchils * orchis * orchises * orchitic * orchitis * orchitises * orcin * orcine * orcines * orcinol * orcinols * orcins * orcs * ord * ordain * ordainable * ordained * ordainer * ordainers * ordaining * ordainment * ordainments * ordains * ordalian * ordalium * ordaliums * ordeal * ordeals * order * orderable * ordered * orderer * orderers * ordering * orderings * orderless * orderlies * orderliness * orderlinesses * orderly * orders * ordinaire * ordinaires * ordinal * ordinals * ordinance * ordinances * ordinand * ordinands * ordinant * ordinants * ordinar * ordinarier * ordinaries * ordinariest * ordinarily * ordinariness * ordinarinesses * ordinars * ordinary * ordinate * ordinated * ordinately * ordinates * ordinating * ordination * ordinations * ordinee * ordinees * ordines * ordnance * ordnances * ordo * ordonnance * ordonnances * ordos * ords * ordure * ordures * ordurous * ore * oread * oreades * oreads * orebodies * orebody * orecrowe * orecrowed * orecrowes * orecrowing * orectic * orective * oregano * oreganos * oreide * oreides * oreographic * oreographical * oreographies * oreography * oreological * oreologies * oreologist * oreologists * oreology * orepearch * orepearched * orepearches * orepearching * ores * orestunck * oreweed * oreweeds * orexis * orexises * orf * orfe * orfes * orfray * orfrays * orfs * organ * organa * organdie * organdies * organdy * organelle * organelles * organic * organical * organically * organicism * organicisms * organicist * organicistic * organicists * organicities * organicity * organics * organisabilities * organisability * organisable * organisation * organisational * organisations * organise * organised * organiser * organisers * organises * organising * organism * organismal * organismic * organismically * organisms * organist * organistrum * organistrums * organists * organities * organity * organizabilities * organizability * organizable * organization * organizational * organizationally * organizations * organize * organized * organizer * organizers * organizes * organizing * organochlorine * organochlorines * organogeneses * organogenesis * organogenetic * organogenetically * organogenies * organogeny * organogram * organograms * organographic * organographically * organographies * organography * organoleptic * organoleptically * organologic * organological * organologies * organologist * organologists * organology * organomercurial * organomercurials * organometallic * organometallics * organon * organons * organophosphate * organophosphates * organophosphorous * organophosphorus * organophosphoruses * organotherapeutic * organotherapies * organotherapy * organotropic * organotropism * organotropisms * organs * organum * organums * organza * organzas * organzine * organzines * orgasm * orgasmed * orgasmic * orgasmically * orgasming * orgasms * orgastic * orgastically * orgeat * orgeats * orgia * orgiac * orgias * orgiast * orgiastic * orgiastically * orgiasts * orgic * orgies * orgillous * orgone * orgones * orgue * orgues * orgulous * orgy * oribatid * oribatids * oribi * oribis * oricalche * oricalches * orichalc * orichalceous * orichalcs * oriel * orielled * oriels * oriencies * oriency * orient * oriental * orientalia * orientalise * orientalised * orientalises * orientalising * orientalism * orientalisms * orientalist * orientalists * orientalities * orientality * orientalize * orientalized * orientalizes * orientalizing * orientally * orientals * orientate * orientated * orientates * orientating * orientation * orientational * orientationally * orientations * orientator * orientators * oriented * orienteer * orienteered * orienteering * orienteerings * orienteers * orienter * orienters * orienting * orients * orifex * orifexes * orifice * orifices * orificial * oriflamme * oriflammes * origami * origamis * origan * origane * origanes * origans * origanum * origanums * origin * original * originalism * originalisms * originalist * originalists * originalities * originality * originally * originals * originate * originated * originates * originating * origination * originations * originative * originatively * originator * originators * origins * orillion * orillions * orinasal * orinasals * oriole * orioles * orismological * orismologies * orismology * orison * orisons * orle * orleans * orleanses * orles * orlon * orlons * orlop * orlops * ormer * ormers * ormolu * ormolus * ornament * ornamental * ornamentally * ornamentals * ornamentation * ornamentations * ornamented * ornamenter * ornamenters * ornamenting * ornamentist * ornamentists * ornaments * ornate * ornately * ornateness * ornatenesses * ornater * ornatest * ornerier * orneriest * orneriness * ornerinesses * ornery * ornis * ornises * ornithes * ornithic * ornithichnite * ornithichnites * ornithine * ornithines * ornithischian * ornithischians * ornithodelphian * ornithodelphians * ornithodelphic * ornithodelphous * ornithogalum * ornithogalums * ornithoid * ornithologic * ornithological * ornithologically * ornithologies * ornithologist * ornithologists * ornithology * ornithomancies * ornithomancy * ornithomantic * ornithomorph * ornithomorphic * ornithomorphs * ornithophilies * ornithophilous * ornithophily * ornithophobia * ornithophobias * ornithopod * ornithopods * ornithopter * ornithopters * ornithorhynchus * ornithorhynchuses * ornithosaur * ornithosaurs * ornithoscopies * ornithoscopy * ornithoses * ornithosis * orobanchaceous * orogen * orogeneses * orogenesis * orogenetic * orogenic * orogenically * orogenies * orogens * orogeny * orographic * orographical * orographically * orographies * orography * oroide * oroides * orological * orologically * orologies * orologist * orologists * orology * orometer * orometers * oropesa * oropesas * oropharyngeal * oropharynges * oropharynx * oropharynxes * ororotund * ororotundities * ororotundity * orotund * orotundities * orotundity * orphan * orphanage * orphanages * orphaned * orphanhood * orphanhoods * orphaning * orphanism * orphanisms * orphans * orpharion * orpharions * orpheoreon * orpheoreons * orphic * orphical * orphically * orphrey * orphreys * orpiment * orpiments * orpin * orpine * orpines * orpins * orra * orreries * orrery * orrice * orrices * orris * orrises * orrisroot * orrisroots * ors * orseille * orseilles * orsellic * ort * ortanique * ortaniques * orthian * orthicon * orthiconoscope * orthiconoscopes * orthicons * ortho * orthoaxes * orthoaxis * orthoborate * orthoborates * orthocaine * orthocaines * orthocenter * orthocenters * orthocentre * orthocentres * orthochromatic * orthoclase * orthoclases * orthocousins * orthodiagonal * orthodiagonals * orthodontia * orthodontias * orthodontic * orthodontically * orthodontics * orthodontist * orthodontists * orthodox * orthodoxes * orthodoxies * orthodoxly * orthodoxy * orthodromic * orthodromics * orthodromies * orthodromy * orthoepic * orthoepical * orthoepically * orthoepies * orthoepist * orthoepists * orthoepy * orthogeneses * orthogenesis * orthogenetic * orthogenetically * orthogenic * orthogenics * orthognathic * orthognathism * orthognathisms * orthognathous * orthogonal * orthogonalities * orthogonality * orthogonalization * orthogonalizations * orthogonalize * orthogonalized * orthogonalizes * orthogonalizing * orthogonally * orthograde * orthograph * orthographer * orthographers * orthographic * orthographical * orthographically * orthographies * orthographist * orthographists * orthographs * orthography * orthomolecular * orthomyxovirus * orthomyxoviruses * orthonormal * orthopaedic * orthopaedical * orthopaedics * orthopaedies * orthopaedist * orthopaedists * orthopaedy * orthopedia * orthopedias * orthopedic * orthopedical * orthopedically * orthopedics * orthopedies * orthopedist * orthopedists * orthopedy * orthophosphate * orthophosphates * orthophosphoric * orthophyre * orthophyres * orthophyric * orthopinakoid * orthopinakoids * orthopnoea * orthopnoeas * orthopod * orthopods * orthopraxes * orthopraxies * orthopraxis * orthopraxy * orthoprism * orthoprisms * orthopsychiatric * orthopsychiatries * orthopsychiatrist * orthopsychiatrists * orthopsychiatry * orthoptera * orthopteran * orthopterans * orthopterist * orthopterists * orthopteroid * orthopteroids * orthopterologies * orthopterologist * orthopterologists * orthopterology * orthopteron * orthopterons * orthopterous * orthoptic * orthoptics * orthoptist * orthoptists * orthorhombic * orthos * orthoscopic * orthoses * orthosilicate * orthosilicates * orthosis * orthostatic * orthostichies * orthostichous * orthostichy * orthotic * orthotics * orthotist * orthotists * orthotone * orthotoneses * orthotonesis * orthotonic * orthotopic * orthotropic * orthotropically * orthotropies * orthotropism * orthotropisms * orthotropous * orthotropy * orthros * orthroses * ortolan * ortolans * orts * orval * orvals * oryctologies * oryctology * oryx * oryxes * orzo * orzos * os * osar * oscheal * oscillate * oscillated * oscillates * oscillating * oscillation * oscillational * oscillations * oscillative * oscillator * oscillators * oscillatory * oscillogram * oscillograms * oscillograph * oscillographic * oscillographically * oscillographies * oscillographs * oscillography * oscilloscope * oscilloscopes * oscilloscopic * oscine * oscines * oscinine * oscitance * oscitances * oscitancies * oscitancy * oscitant * oscitantly * oscitate * oscitated * oscitates * oscitating * oscitation * oscitations * oscula * osculant * oscular * osculate * osculated * osculates * osculating * osculation * osculations * osculatories * osculatory * oscule * oscules * osculum * ose * oses * oshac * oshacs * osier * osiered * osieries * osiers * osiery * osmate * osmates * osmatic * osmeteria * osmeterium * osmiate * osmiates * osmic * osmics * osmidroses * osmidrosis * osmious * osmiridium * osmiridiums * osmium * osmiums * osmol * osmolal * osmolalities * osmolality * osmolar * osmolarities * osmolarity * osmole * osmoles * osmols * osmometer * osmometers * osmometric * osmometries * osmometry * osmoregulation * osmoregulations * osmoregulatory * osmose * osmosed * osmoses * osmosing * osmosis * osmotic * osmotically * osmous * osmund * osmunda * osmundas * osmunds * osnaburg * osnaburgs * osprey * ospreys * ossa * ossarium * ossariums * ossature * ossatures * ossein * osseins * osselet * osselets * osseous * osseter * osseters * ossia * ossicle * ossicles * ossicular * ossiculate * ossiferous * ossific * ossification * ossifications * ossified * ossifier * ossifiers * ossifies * ossifraga * ossifragas * ossifrage * ossifrages * ossify * ossifying * ossivorous * ossuaries * ossuary * osteal * osteites * osteitic * osteitides * osteitis * osteitises * ostensibilities * ostensibility * ostensible * ostensibly * ostensive * ostensively * ostensoria * ostensories * ostensorium * ostensory * ostent * ostentation * ostentations * ostentatious * ostentatiously * ostentatiousness * ostentatiousnesses * ostents * osteoarthritic * osteoarthritides * osteoarthritis * osteoarthritises * osteoarthroses * osteoarthrosis * osteoblast * osteoblastic * osteoblasts * osteoclases * osteoclasis * osteoclast * osteoclastic * osteoclasts * osteocolla * osteocollas * osteocyte * osteocytes * osteoderm * osteodermal * osteodermatous * osteodermic * osteodermous * osteoderms * osteogen * osteogeneses * osteogenesis * osteogenetic * osteogenic * osteogenies * osteogenous * osteogens * osteogeny * osteographies * osteography * osteoid * osteoids * osteological * osteologically * osteologies * osteologist * osteologists * osteology * osteoma * osteomalacia * osteomalacias * osteomas * osteomata * osteomyelitides * osteomyelitis * osteomyelitises * osteopath * osteopathic * osteopathically * osteopathies * osteopathist * osteopathists * osteopaths * osteopathy * osteopetroses * osteopetrosis * osteophyte * osteophytes * osteophytic * osteoplastic * osteoplasties * osteoplasty * osteoporoses * osteoporosis * osteoporotic * osteosarcoma * osteosarcomas * osteosarcomata * osteoses * osteosis * osteosises * osteotome * osteotomes * osteotomies * osteotomist * osteotomists * osteotomy * ostia * ostial * ostiaries * ostiary * ostiate * ostinati * ostinato * ostinatos * ostiolar * ostiolate * ostiole * ostioles * ostium * ostler * ostleress * ostleresses * ostlers * ostmark * ostmarks * ostomate * ostomates * ostomies * ostomy * ostoses * ostosis * ostosises * ostraca * ostracean * ostraceous * ostracise * ostracised * ostracises * ostracising * ostracism * ostracisms * ostracize * ostracized * ostracizes * ostracizing * ostracod * ostracodan * ostracode * ostracoderm * ostracoderms * ostracodes * ostracodous * ostracods * ostracon * ostraka * ostrakon * ostreaceous * ostreger * ostregers * ostreiculture * ostreicultures * ostreiculturist * ostreiculturists * ostreophage * ostreophages * ostreophagies * ostreophagous * ostreophagy * ostrich * ostriches * ostrichism * ostrichisms * ostrichlike * otalgia * otalgias * otalgic * otalgies * otalgy * otaries * otarine * otary * other * othergates * otherguess * otherness * othernesses * others * otherwhere * otherwhile * otherwhiles * otherwise * otherworld * otherworldish * otherworldliness * otherworldlinesses * otherworldly * otherworlds * otic * otiose * otiosely * otioseness * otiosenesses * otiosities * otiosity * otitic * otitides * otitis * otitises * otocyst * otocystic * otocysts * otolaryngological * otolaryngologies * otolaryngologist * otolaryngologists * otolaryngology * otolith * otolithic * otoliths * otological * otologies * otologist * otologists * otology * otorhinolaryngological * otorhinolaryngologies * otorhinolaryngologist * otorhinolaryngologists * otorhinolaryngology * otorrhoea * otorrhoeas * otoscleroses * otosclerosis * otosclerotic * otoscope * otoscopes * otoscopies * otoscopy * ototoxic * ototoxicities * ototoxicity * ottar * ottars * ottava * ottavas * ottavino * ottavinos * otter * ottered * otterhound * otterhounds * ottering * otters * otto * ottoman * ottomans * ottos * ottrelite * ottrelites * ou * ouabain * ouabains * ouakari * ouakaris * oubit * oubits * oubliette * oubliettes * ouch * ouched * ouches * ouching * oucht * ouchts * oud * ouds * oughlied * oughlies * oughly * oughlying * ought * oughted * oughting * oughtlings * oughtness * oughtnesses * oughts * ouglie * ouglied * ouglieing * ouglies * ouguiya * ouguiyas * ouija * ouijas * ouistiti * ouistitis * ouk * ouks * oulachon * oulachons * oulakan * oulakans * ould * oulder * ouldest * oulk * oulks * oulong * oulongs * ounce * ounces * oundy * oup * ouped * ouph * ouphe * ouphes * ouphs * ouping * oups * our * ourali * ouralis * ourang * ourangs * ourari * ouraris * ourebi * ourebis * ourie * ourier * ouriest * ourn * ouroboros * ouroboroses * ourologies * ourology * ouroscopies * ouroscopy * ours * ourself * ourselves * ousel * ousels * oust * ousted * ouster * ousters * ousting * oustiti * oustitis * ousts * out * outa * outachieve * outachieved * outachieves * outachieving * outact * outacted * outacting * outacts * outadd * outadded * outadding * outadds * outage * outages * outargue * outargued * outargues * outarguing * outask * outasked * outasking * outasks * outate * outback * outbacker * outbackers * outbacks * outbake * outbaked * outbakes * outbaking * outbalance * outbalanced * outbalances * outbalancing * outbar * outbargain * outbargained * outbargaining * outbargains * outbark * outbarked * outbarking * outbarks * outbarred * outbarring * outbars * outbawl * outbawled * outbawling * outbawls * outbeam * outbeamed * outbeaming * outbeams * outbeg * outbegged * outbegging * outbegs * outbid * outbidden * outbidding * outbids * outbitch * outbitched * outbitches * outbitching * outblaze * outblazed * outblazes * outblazing * outbleat * outbleated * outbleating * outbleats * outbless * outblessed * outblesses * outblessing * outbloom * outbloomed * outblooming * outblooms * outbluff * outbluffed * outbluffing * outbluffs * outblush * outblushed * outblushes * outblushing * outbluster * outblustered * outblustering * outblusters * outboard * outboards * outboast * outboasted * outboasting * outboasts * outbought * outbound * outbounds * outbox * outboxed * outboxes * outboxing * outbrag * outbragged * outbragging * outbrags * outbrave * outbraved * outbraves * outbraving * outbrawl * outbrawled * outbrawling * outbrawls * outbreak * outbreaking * outbreaks * outbreathd * outbreathe * outbreathed * outbreathes * outbreathing * outbred * outbreed * outbreeding * outbreedings * outbreeds * outbribe * outbribed * outbribes * outbribing * outbroke * outbroken * outbuild * outbuilding * outbuildings * outbuilds * outbuilt * outbulge * outbulged * outbulges * outbulging * outbulk * outbulked * outbulking * outbulks * outbullied * outbullies * outbully * outbullying * outburn * outburned * outburning * outburns * outburnt * outburst * outbursting * outbursts * outbuy * outbuying * outbuys * outby * outbye * outcall * outcalls * outcaper * outcapered * outcapering * outcapers * outcast * outcaste * outcasted * outcastes * outcasting * outcasts * outcatch * outcatches * outcatching * outcaught * outcavil * outcaviled * outcaviling * outcavilled * outcavilling * outcavils * outcharge * outcharged * outcharges * outcharging * outcharm * outcharmed * outcharming * outcharms * outcheat * outcheated * outcheating * outcheats * outchid * outchidden * outchide * outchided * outchides * outchiding * outcities * outcity * outclass * outclassed * outclasses * outclassing * outclimb * outclimbed * outclimbing * outclimbs * outclomb * outcoach * outcoached * outcoaches * outcoaching * outcome * outcomes * outcompete * outcompeted * outcompetes * outcompeting * outcook * outcooked * outcooking * outcooks * outcount * outcounted * outcounting * outcounts * outcraftied * outcrafties * outcrafty * outcraftying * outcrawl * outcrawled * outcrawling * outcrawls * outcried * outcries * outcrop * outcropped * outcropping * outcroppings * outcrops * outcross * outcrossed * outcrosses * outcrossing * outcrossings * outcrow * outcrowd * outcrowded * outcrowding * outcrowds * outcrowed * outcrowing * outcrows * outcry * outcrying * outcurse * outcursed * outcurses * outcursing * outcurve * outcurves * outdacious * outdance * outdanced * outdances * outdancing * outdare * outdared * outdares * outdaring * outdate * outdated * outdatedly * outdatedness * outdatednesses * outdates * outdating * outdazzle * outdazzled * outdazzles * outdazzling * outdebate * outdebated * outdebates * outdebating * outdeliver * outdelivered * outdelivering * outdelivers * outdesign * outdesigned * outdesigning * outdesigns * outdid * outdistance * outdistanced * outdistances * outdistancing * outdo * outdodge * outdodged * outdodges * outdodging * outdoer * outdoers * outdoes * outdoing * outdone * outdoor * outdoors * outdoorsman * outdoorsmanship * outdoorsmanships * outdoorsmen * outdoorswoman * outdoorswomen * outdoorsy * outdrag * outdragged * outdragging * outdrags * outdrank * outdraw * outdrawing * outdrawn * outdraws * outdream * outdreamed * outdreaming * outdreams * outdreamt * outdress * outdressed * outdresses * outdressing * outdrew * outdrink * outdrinking * outdrinks * outdrive * outdriven * outdrives * outdriving * outdrop * outdropped * outdropping * outdrops * outdrove * outdrunk * outduel * outdueled * outdueling * outduelled * outduelling * outduels * outdure * outdured * outdures * outduring * outdwell * outdwelled * outdwelling * outdwells * outdwelt * outearn * outearned * outearning * outearns * outeat * outeaten * outeating * outeats * outecho * outechoed * outechoes * outechoing * outed * outedge * outedges * outer * outercoat * outercoats * outermost * outers * outerwear * outerwears * outfable * outfabled * outfables * outfabling * outface * outfaced * outfaces * outfacing * outfall * outfalls * outfangthief * outfangthiefs * outfast * outfasted * outfasting * outfasts * outfawn * outfawned * outfawning * outfawns * outfeast * outfeasted * outfeasting * outfeasts * outfeel * outfeeling * outfeels * outfelt * outfence * outfenced * outfences * outfencing * outfield * outfielder * outfielders * outfields * outfight * outfighting * outfights * outfigure * outfigured * outfigures * outfiguring * outfind * outfinding * outfinds * outfire * outfired * outfires * outfiring * outfish * outfished * outfishes * outfishing * outfit * outfits * outfitted * outfitter * outfitters * outfitting * outfittings * outflank * outflanked * outflanking * outflanks * outflash * outflashed * outflashes * outflashing * outflew * outflies * outfling * outflings * outfloat * outfloated * outfloating * outfloats * outflow * outflowed * outflowing * outflowings * outflown * outflows * outflush * outflushed * outflushes * outflushing * outfly * outflying * outfool * outfooled * outfooling * outfools * outfoot * outfooted * outfooting * outfoots * outfought * outfound * outfox * outfoxed * outfoxes * outfoxing * outfrown * outfrowned * outfrowning * outfrowns * outfumble * outfumbled * outfumbles * outfumbling * outgain * outgained * outgaining * outgains * outgas * outgassed * outgasses * outgassing * outgassings * outgate * outgates * outgave * outgaze * outgazed * outgazes * outgazing * outgeneral * outgeneraled * outgeneraling * outgeneralled * outgeneralling * outgenerals * outgive * outgiven * outgives * outgiving * outgivings * outglare * outglared * outglares * outglaring * outgleam * outgleamed * outgleaming * outgleams * outglitter * outglittered * outglittering * outglitters * outglow * outglowed * outglowing * outglows * outgnaw * outgnawed * outgnawing * outgnawn * outgnaws * outgo * outgoer * outgoers * outgoes * outgoing * outgoingness * outgoingnesses * outgoings * outgone * outgrew * outgrin * outgrinned * outgrinning * outgrins * outgross * outgrossed * outgrosses * outgrossing * outgroup * outgroups * outgrow * outgrowing * outgrown * outgrows * outgrowth * outgrowths * outguard * outguards * outguess * outguessed * outguesses * outguessing * outguide * outguided * outguides * outguiding * outgun * outgunned * outgunning * outguns * outgush * outgushed * outgushes * outgushing * outhaul * outhauler * outhaulers * outhauls * outhear * outheard * outhearing * outhears * outher * outhire * outhired * outhires * outhiring * outhit * outhits * outhitting * outhomer * outhomered * outhomering * outhomers * outhouse * outhouses * outhowl * outhowled * outhowling * outhowls * outhumor * outhumored * outhumoring * outhumors * outhunt * outhunted * outhunting * outhunts * outhustle * outhustled * outhustles * outhustling * outhyre * outhyred * outhyres * outhyring * outing * outings * outintrigue * outintrigued * outintrigues * outintriguing * outjest * outjested * outjesting * outjests * outjet * outjets * outjetting * outjettings * outjinx * outjinxed * outjinxes * outjinxing * outjockey * outjockeyed * outjockeying * outjockeys * outjump * outjumped * outjumping * outjumps * outjut * outjuts * outjutted * outjutting * outjuttings * outkeep * outkeeping * outkeeps * outkept * outkick * outkicked * outkicking * outkicks * outkill * outkilled * outkilling * outkills * outkiss * outkissed * outkisses * outkissing * outlaid * outlain * outland * outlander * outlanders * outlandish * outlandishly * outlandishness * outlandishnesses * outlands * outlash * outlashes * outlast * outlasted * outlasting * outlasts * outlaugh * outlaughed * outlaughing * outlaughs * outlaunce * outlaunced * outlaunces * outlaunch * outlaunched * outlaunches * outlaunching * outlauncing * outlaw * outlawed * outlawing * outlawries * outlawry * outlaws * outlay * outlaying * outlays * outlead * outleading * outleads * outleap * outleaped * outleaping * outleaps * outleapt * outlearn * outlearned * outlearning * outlearns * outlearnt * outled * outler * outlers * outlet * outlets * outlie * outlied * outlier * outliers * outlies * outline * outlinear * outlined * outliner * outliners * outlines * outlining * outlive * outlived * outliver * outlivers * outlives * outliving * outlodging * outlodgings * outlook * outlooked * outlooking * outlooks * outlove * outloved * outloves * outloving * outlustre * outlustred * outlustres * outlustring * outlying * outman * outmaneuver * outmaneuvered * outmaneuvering * outmaneuvers * outmanipulate * outmanipulated * outmanipulates * outmanipulating * outmanned * outmanning * outmanoeuvre * outmanoeuvred * outmanoeuvres * outmanoeuvring * outmans * outmantle * outmantled * outmantles * outmantling * outmarch * outmarched * outmarches * outmarching * outmarriage * outmarriages * outmatch * outmatched * outmatches * outmatching * outmeasure * outmeasured * outmeasures * outmeasuring * outmode * outmoded * outmodes * outmoding * outmost * outmove * outmoved * outmoves * outmoving * outmuscle * outmuscled * outmuscles * outmuscling * outname * outnamed * outnames * outnaming * outness
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