Linalool is not a tertiary alcohol; it is a secondary alcohol. Tertiary alcohols have three alkyl groups attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxyl group, whereas linalool has two alkyl groups attached to this position.
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No, linalool is not an element. It is a naturally occurring terpene alcohol found in many plants and is commonly used in the production of perfumes and flavorings.
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A catalyst such as a metal catalyst like palladium or platinum is typically used in the hydrogenation reaction of linalool. These catalysts help facilitate the reaction by lowering the activation energy required for the conversion of linalool to its hydrogenated product while remaining unchanged themselves.
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Organic compounds like linalool are used in shampoos to provide fragrance. They can also have antimicrobial or soothing properties. Additionally, organic compounds can act as conditioning agents or help to improve the texture and spreadability of the shampoo.
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my mum is allergic too lanolin and shes just got out the shower and the only thing that she could find on her shampoo was linalool shes in a terrible state and she thinks tht it is the cause of it
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Geranium - Pelargonium graveolens - AKA Rose geranium.
Principle constituents - citronellol, geranial, linalool, isomenthone, menthone, phellandrene, sabinene & limonene, among others.
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The smell is caused by the release of a number of chemicals, among which are:-
(Z)-3-hexenal, limonene, hexanal,
(E)-2-hexenal, eugenol,
1,8-cineole, caryophyllene,
beta-phellandrene,
humulene,
and linalool.
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The volatile oil of mugwort includes thujone, linalool, borneol, pinene. Also contains artemisinin, hydroxy-coumarins, lipohilic flavonoids, vulgarin, and triterpenes.
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Butane, propane, isobutane, cyclomethicone, aluminum chlorohydrate, isopropyl myristate, disteardimonium hectorite, parfum, proylene carbonate, sodium starch octenylsuccinate, 2-benzylheptanol, mannitol, limonene, benzyl salicylate, linalool, citral, coumarin, camphor, eucalyptol, menthol, eugenol, phenoxyethanol.
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According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 1 words with the pattern -I--L--L. That is, eight letter words with 2nd letter I and 5th letter L and 8th letter L. In alphabetical order, they are:
linalool
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According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 1 words with the pattern -I-A-O-L. That is, eight letter words with 2nd letter I and 4th letter A and 6th letter O and 8th letter L. In alphabetical order, they are:
linalool
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According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 1 words with the pattern -I--LO-L. That is, eight letter words with 2nd letter I and 5th letter L and 6th letter O and 8th letter L. In alphabetical order, they are:
linalool
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Orange oil mainly consists of monoterpenes such as limonene, which gives it its characteristic citrus aroma. The molecular structure of limonene is a cyclic compound with two isoprene units, making it a type of terpene. Orange oil also contains other compounds like alpha-pinene, myrcene, and linalool.
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According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 1 words with the pattern L----OOL. That is, eight letter words with 1st letter L and 6th letter O and 7th letter O and 8th letter L. In alphabetical order, they are:
linalool
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According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 1 words with the pattern L-NA---L. That is, eight letter words with 1st letter L and 3rd letter N and 4th letter A and 8th letter L. In alphabetical order, they are:
linalool
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Toilet soaps are complex mixtures. An example for Nivea Crem Care soap:
Sodium Tallowate, Sodium Cocoate, Aqua, Glycerin, Parfum, Octyldodecanol, Lanolin Alcohol (Eucerit®), Panthenol, Glyceryl Glucoside, Sodium Thiosulfate, Sodium Chloride, Tetrasodium Etidronate, Disteardimonium Hectorite, Methyl Benzoate, Benzyl Alcohol, Linalool, Limonene, Geraniol, Butylphenyl Methylpropional, CI 77891.
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According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 7 words with the pattern LIN-L---. That is, eight letter words with 1st letter L and 2nd letter I and 3rd letter N and 5th letter L. In alphabetical order, they are:
linalols
linalool
lineless
linelike
linoleic
linoleum
lintless
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According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 1 words with the pattern L-NAL--L. That is, eight letter words with 1st letter L and 3rd letter N and 4th letter A and 5th letter L and 8th letter L. In alphabetical order, they are:
linalool
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According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 1 words with the pattern LIN--O-L. That is, eight letter words with 1st letter L and 2nd letter I and 3rd letter N and 6th letter O and 8th letter L. In alphabetical order, they are:
linalool
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According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 1 words with the pattern L-NA-O-L. That is, eight letter words with 1st letter L and 3rd letter N and 4th letter A and 6th letter O and 8th letter L. In alphabetical order, they are:
linalool
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According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 1 words with the pattern L--AL-OL. That is, eight letter words with 1st letter L and 4th letter A and 5th letter L and 7th letter O and 8th letter L. In alphabetical order, they are:
linalool
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Seeds contain a variety of organic compounds such as proteins, carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins. Proteins are essential for growth and development, carbohydrates provide energy, fats are important for storage and energy reserves, and vitamins play crucial roles in various metabolic processes. Additionally, seeds also contain phytochemicals like antioxidants and polyphenols that have health benefits.
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INGREDIENTS IN DOVE SOAP ARE: Sodium Lauroyl Isethionate, Slearic Acid, Sodium Palmitate, Aqua Lauric Acid, Sodium Isethionate, Sodium Stearate, Cocamidopropyl Betaine, Sodium Palm Kernelate, Parfum, Glycerin, Propylene Glycol, Sodium Chloride, zinc Oxide, Citric Acid, Tetrasodium EDTA, Tetrasodium Etidronate, Alumina, Alpha-Isomethyl Ionone, Benzyl Alcohol, Butylphenyl Methylpropional, Citronellol, Coumarin, Hexyl Cinnamal, Limonene, Linalool.....
Brand by Unilever
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Water
Alcohol
Sorbitol
Cetearyl Alcohol
Ricinus Communis (Castor) Seed Oil
Bentonite
Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract
Melia Azadirachta Leaf Extract
Euphrasia Officinalis Extract
Hydrogenated Jojoba Oil
Xanthan Gum
Beeswax/Cera Flava
Rosa Damascena Flower Wax
Rosa Damascena Flower Oil
Fragrance/Parfum
Citronellol
Geraniol
Linalool
Silica
Lysolecithin
Iron Oxide/CI 77499
Titanium Dioxide/CI 77891
Ultramarines/CI 77007
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Aromatic alcohols are compounds with a pleasant scent and are commonly used in perfumery for their aromatic properties. They have a sweet, floral, or woody fragrance and are often used as base notes in perfumes to provide depth and longevity. Some common aromatic alcohols used in perfumery include benzyl alcohol, geraniol, and linalool. These compounds are known for their ability to enhance the overall fragrance of a perfume and are often used in combination with other aromatic ingredients to create complex and unique scents.
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Papaya leaves are traditionally used to treat dengue fever due to their potential to increase platelet count. They are also believed to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which may help in boosting the immune system and reducing inflammation. However, more research is needed to confirm these health benefits and determine appropriate dosages.
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Salt and pepper are both compounds. Salt is typically sodium chloride (NaCl) and pepper is a mixture of different compounds, including piperine. Elements are substances made up of a single type of atom, such as sodium or chlorine.
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Commercial hand soaps are not necessarily a better solution to the problems presented by hand sanitizers. The majority of commercial soaps and cleansers on store shelves are made from a variety of combined chemicals. Chemicals commonly found in commercial sops include Sodium Laurel Sulfate (very drying and possibly carcinogenic) , A-terpineol (can cause edema, and respiratory problems especially if inhalant is prolonged) , Benzaldehye (depresses central nervous system) , Triclosan (bactericide and mutagen readily absorbed through skin irritates eyes and linked to liver damage) , Benzyl Acetate, and Linalool (can damage both motor activity and respiratory function) .
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The ingredients in Dove soap typically include sodium lauroyl isethionate, stearic acid, sodium tallowate, sodium palmitate, lauric acid, sodium isethionate, water, sodium stearate, cocamidopropyl betaine, sodium cocoate, fragrance, titanium dioxide, and sodium chloride.
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Q Is egg a pure substance or mixture
it is neither because it is you crack open an egg, you see eggshells, egg whites, and egg yolks. This means that even macroscopically, an egg is not a mixture, it is an unmixed combination of an egg shell, egg white, and egg yolk.
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I wouldn't recommend it. I would stick to shampoo specifically designed for dogs.
Dogs have different skin and hair to humans. Their skin has a higher pH than ours.
Some human soaps, especially if not diluted enough, can cause dry skin and itchiness in some dogs.
There might be some natural, chemical-free soap designed for humans which can be used on dogs without issue. But other than that, I personally wouldn't use human soap on my dog for the risk of dry skin and itching. Human soap won't harm your dog, but it may irritate them.
Please bear in mind that Pears soap is not "original". The recipe has been changed many times, so it may contain chemicals that aren't healthy. For example, in 2010 there was a backlash against the soap manufacturer because they contained chemicals such as Sodium Lauryl Sulphate, which is known to worsen some sensitive skin issues and a chemical called Linalool which can trigger eczema. They abandoned that soap recipe after massive amounts of complaints. The same company make another, more popular soap, called Dove.
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According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 89 words with the pattern L--A----. That is, eight letter words with 1st letter L and 4th letter A. In alphabetical order, they are:
labarums
ladanums
lamantin
lamasery
lasagnas
lasagnes
latakias
lavaboes
lavaform
lavalava
lavalier
lavalike
lavashes
lavatera
lavation
lavatory
laxation
laxative
laxators
layabout
layaways
lazarets
lecanora
legacies
legalese
legalise
legalism
legalist
legality
legalize
legatary
legatees
legatine
legating
legation
legators
lehayims
levanted
levanter
levators
libating
libation
libatory
ligament
ligating
ligation
ligative
ligature
limacels
limacine
limacons
limation
linalols
linalool
lipaemia
liparite
litanies
lobately
lobation
localise
localism
localist
localite
locality
localize
locaters
locating
location
locative
locators
loganias
loyalest
loyalism
loyalist
loyaller
lucarnes
lunacies
lunanaut
lunarian
lunaries
lunarist
lunately
lunatics
lunation
lupanars
lutanist
luxating
luxation
lyrately
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Colorant Contains: Aqua (Water), Oleic Acid, Isopropyl Alcohol, Ethanolamine, PEG-2 Soyamine, Lauramide MEA, p-Phenylenediamine, Lauryl Pyrrolidone, Sodium Laureth Sulfate, Sodium Sulfite, Parfum (Fragrance), Potassium Cocoyl Hydrolyzed Collagen, Wheat Amino Acids, Laneth-5, Sodium Benzotriazolyl Butylphenol Sulfonate, Buteth-3, Tributyl Citrate, Erythorbic Acid, Tetrasodium EDTA, 2,4 Diaminophenoxyethanol HCl, Resorcinol, m-Aminophenol, Linalool, Citronellol, Geraniol, Coumarin, Amyl Cinnamal.
Cream Developer Contains: Aqua (Water), Hydrogen Peroxide, Cetearyl Alcohol, Ceteareth-20, Steareth-10 Allyl Ether/Acrylates Copolymer, Amodimethicone, Sodium Lauryl Sulfate, C11-15 Pareth 7, Laureth 9, Glycerin, Trideceth 12, Disodium Phosphate, Phosphoric Acid, Trimethylsiloxysilicate, Methylparaben, EDTA
After Color Conditioner Contains: Aqua (Water), Cetearyl Alcohol, Behentrimonium Chloride, Linoleamidopropyl Dimethylamine Dimer Dilinoleate, Stearyl Alcohol, Cetyl Alcohol, Methoxypropylgluconamide, Silk Amino Acids, Hydrolyzed Silk, Panthenol, Panthenyl Ethyl Ether, Dimethicone PEG-8 Meadowfoamate, Amodimethicone, Trideceth-12, Triisostearyl Citrate, Isostearyl Glycolate, Isostearyl Lactate, Diisostearyl Malate, Diisostearoyl Trimethylolpropane Siloxy Silicate, Hydroxyethylcellulose, Cocamdipropyl Betaine, Ceteareth-20, Stearamidopropyl Dimethylamine, Cetrimonium Chloride, Isopropyl Alcohol, Parfum (Fragrance), Benzyl Salicylate, Hexyl Cinnamal, Citric Acid, Methylparaben, Propylparaben, Methylchloroisothiazolinone, Methylisothiazolinone.
Colorsilk original, Black 10 shade.
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Dawn dishwashing liquid is made through a manufacturing process that involves combining various chemicals and ingredients such as surfactants, detergents, and fragrances in specific quantities. This mixture is then blended, heated, and cooled to form the final product, which is finally packaged and distributed for sale. The entire process is strictly monitored to ensure quality control and effectiveness of the product.
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There are a great many benefits of fresh cilanrto as there are with other fresh herbs. Here are a few of the main benefits of Cilantro as follows: Lowers blood sugar, Gets rid of unwanted metals in the body, Helps with digestion and flatulence.
Cilantro contains many phytochemicals that have disease-preventing and health-promoting properties. Cilantro contains no cholesterol; however, it is rich in fiber. Its leaves and seeds contain many essential volatile oils such as borneol, linalool, cineole, cymene, terpineol, dipentene, phellandrene, pinene, and terpinolene. The leaves and stem tips are also rich in antioxidant polyphenolic flavonoids, including quercetin, kaempferol, rhamnetin, and epigenin. Cilantro is rich in many vitamins, including vitamin K (100 grams provides 258% of the Daily Value), vitamin A (225%), vitamin C (45%), vitamin E (17%), folate (15.5%), riboflavin (12%), vitamin B6 (11%), pantothenic acid (11%), niacin (7%), and the carotenoids alpha and beta carotene and beta crypto-xanthin, an anti-inflammatory. It is also a good source of minerals like iron (22%), manganese, potassium (11%), calcium (7%), phosphorus (7%), and magnesium (6.5%). Manganese is used by your body as a co-factor for the antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase. The leaves, root, and stem of the cilantro plant have antiseptic and carminative (anti-gas) properties.
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Colorant Contains: Aqua (Water), Oleic Acid, Isopropyl Alcohol, Ethanolamine, PEG-2 Soyamine, Lauramide MEA, p-Phenylenediamine, Lauryl Pyrrolidone, Sodium Laureth Sulfate, Sodium Sulfite, Parfum (Fragrance), Potassium Cocoyl Hydrolyzed Collagen, Wheat Amino Acids, Laneth-5, Sodium Benzotriazolyl Butylphenol Sulfonate, Buteth-3, Tributyl Citrate, Erythorbic Acid, Tetrasodium EDTA, 2,4 Diaminophenoxyethanol HCl, Resorcinol, m-Aminophenol, Linalool, Citronellol, Geraniol, Coumarin, Amyl Cinnamal.
Cream Developer Contains: Aqua (Water), Hydrogen Peroxide, Cetearyl Alcohol, Ceteareth-20, Steareth-10 Allyl Ether/Acrylates Copolymer, Amodimethicone, Sodium Lauryl Sulfate, C11-15 Pareth 7, Laureth 9, Glycerin, Trideceth 12, Disodium Phosphate, Phosphoric Acid, Trimethylsiloxysilicate, Methylparaben, EDTA
After Color Conditioner Contains: Aqua (Water), Cetearyl Alcohol, Behentrimonium Chloride, Linoleamidopropyl Dimethylamine Dimer Dilinoleate, Stearyl Alcohol, Cetyl Alcohol, Methoxypropylgluconamide, Silk Amino Acids, Hydrolyzed Silk, Panthenol, Panthenyl Ethyl Ether, Dimethicone PEG-8 Meadowfoamate, Amodimethicone, Trideceth-12, Triisostearyl Citrate, Isostearyl Glycolate, Isostearyl Lactate, Diisostearyl Malate, Diisostearoyl Trimethylolpropane Siloxy Silicate, Hydroxyethylcellulose, Cocamdipropyl Betaine, Ceteareth-20, Stearamidopropyl Dimethylamine, Cetrimonium Chloride, Isopropyl Alcohol, Parfum (Fragrance), Benzyl Salicylate, Hexyl Cinnamal, Citric Acid, Methylparaben, Propylparaben, Methylchloroisothiazolinone, Methylisothiazolinone.
Colorsilk (original,) Black 10 Shade
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Colorant Contains: Aqua (Water), Oleic Acid, Isopropyl Alcohol, Ethanolamine, PEG-2 Soyamine, Lauramide MEA, p-Phenylenediamine, Lauryl Pyrrolidone, Sodium Laureth Sulfate, Sodium Sulfite, Parfum (Fragrance), Potassium Cocoyl Hydrolyzed Collagen, Wheat Amino Acids, Laneth-5, Sodium Benzotriazolyl Butylphenol Sulfonate, Buteth-3, Tributyl Citrate, Erythorbic Acid, Tetrasodium EDTA, 2,4 Diaminophenoxyethanol HCl, Resorcinol, m-Aminophenol, Linalool, Citronellol, Geraniol, Coumarin, Amyl Cinnamal.
Cream Developer Contains: Aqua (Water), Hydrogen Peroxide, Cetearyl Alcohol, Ceteareth-20, Steareth-10 Allyl Ether/Acrylates Copolymer, Amodimethicone, Sodium Lauryl Sulfate, C11-15 Pareth 7, Laureth 9, Glycerin, Trideceth 12, Disodium Phosphate, Phosphoric Acid, Trimethylsiloxysilicate, Methylparaben, EDTA
After Color Conditioner Contains: Aqua (Water), Cetearyl Alcohol, Behentrimonium Chloride, Linoleamidopropyl Dimethylamine Dimer Dilinoleate, Stearyl Alcohol, Cetyl Alcohol, Methoxypropylgluconamide, Silk Amino Acids, Hydrolyzed Silk, Panthenol, Panthenyl Ethyl Ether, Dimethicone PEG-8 Meadowfoamate, Amodimethicone, Trideceth-12, Triisostearyl Citrate, Isostearyl Glycolate, Isostearyl Lactate, Diisostearyl Malate, Diisostearoyl Trimethylolpropane Siloxy Silicate, Hydroxyethylcellulose, Cocamdipropyl Betaine, Ceteareth-20, Stearamidopropyl Dimethylamine, Cetrimonium Chloride, Isopropyl Alcohol, Parfum (Fragrance), Benzyl Salicylate, Hexyl Cinnamal, Citric Acid, Methylparaben, Propylparaben, Methylchloroisothiazolinone, Methylisothiazolinone.
Colorsilk (original,) Black 10 Shade
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The chemical formula for toilet deodorant can vary depending on the specific ingredients used in the product. However, common ingredients in toilet deodorants can include compounds like fragrances, surfactants, and disinfectants, each with its own chemical formula.
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* late * lame * lace * laid * lair * last * lull * land * lazy * lamp * lard * lazy * leek * lest * leak * left * lend * lent * lewd * live * lice * lift * lime * link * line * lied * life * loaf * loan * lone * lips * list * lite * like * look * loom * lord * loon * loop * loot * lost * lock * load * loan * lose * love * lurk * lust * lube * lude * luge * lump * limp * lure * luck
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Spearmint (Mentha spicata) is a branching perennial herb of Mediterranean origin. Mint belongs to the family of Lamiaceae, along with basil, rosemary, sage, savory, marjoram, oregano, hyssop, thyme, lavender, and perilla. The family also (surprisingly) includes chia, and (even more surprisingly) coleus and teak.
It is a type of mint which belongs to the mentha family.
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Lavender oil is an oil made from the flowers of lavender. Lavender poisoning occurs when someone accidentally or intentionally swallows lavender oil.
This is for information only and not for use in the treatment or management of an actual poison exposure. If you have an exposure, you should call your local emergency number (such as 911) or the National Poison Control Center at 1-800-222-1222.
Poisonous IngredientLavender oil (mainly linalyl acetate and linalool)
Where FoundNote: This list may not include all uses of lavender oil.
SymptomsSeek immediate medical help. Do NOT make a person throw up unless told to do so by Poison Control or a health care professional.
If the chemical was swallowed, immediately give the person water or milk, unless instructed otherwise by a health care provider. Do NOT give water or milk if the patient is having symptoms (such as vomiting, convulsions, or a decreased level of alertness) that make it hard to swallow.
Before Calling EmergencyDetermine the following:
The National Poison Control Center (1-800-222-1222) can be called from anywhere in the United States. This national hotline number will let you talk to experts in poisoning. They will give you further instructions.
This is a free and confidential service. All local poison control centers in the United States use this national number. You should call if you have any questions about poisoning or poison prevention. It does NOT need to be an emergency. You can call for any reason, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
See: Poison control center - emergency number
What to expect at the emergency roomThe health care provider will measure and monitor your vital signs, including temperature, pulse, breathing rate, and blood pressure. Symptoms will be treated as appropriate. You may receive:
How well you do depends on the amount of poison swallowed and how quickly treatment is received. The faster you get medical help, the better the chance for recovery.
Lavender oil is generally nonpoisonous when breathed in during aromatherapy or swallowed. The major effects are due to allergic reactions of the skin.
ReferencesPrashar A, Locke IC, Evans CS. Cytotoxicity of lavender oil and its major components to human skin cells. Cell Prolif. 2004;37:221-229.
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Papain is a proteolytic enzyme extracted from papaya fruit. It is commonly used in food processing and the pharmaceutical industry due to its ability to break down proteins. Papain is known for its tenderizing properties and is often used as a meat tenderizer.
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Basil has two major phytonutrients: flavonoids and volatile oils. Basil can:
Basil is an excellent source of vitamin K and a very good source of iron, calcium and vitamin A. In addition, basil is a good source of dietary fiber, manganese, magnesium, vitamin C and potassium.
Basil is a very flavorful and strong-scented herb, so it will add a nice twist to your meal.
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It is easy to make your own dishwashing liquid for cleaning dishes. The basic ingredients are as follows:
1/4 cup soap flakes
2 cups hot water
1/4 cup glycerin
1/2 teaspoon lemon essential oil
If you like using natural products for house cleaning then you will be happy with the solution.
To make the dishwashing liquid just combine soap flakes and water in a bowl and stir until the soap is dissolved. Cool to luke warm. Stir in the glycerin and the essential oil and leave the mixture to cool so that it forms a gel. Break up the gel by stirring with a fork or spatula and pour into a bottle like a used shampoo bottle. You'll need about three teaspoons full for a sink of dishes.
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Here is the ingredients list on the back of Carex Hygienically Clean Original Moisturising Handwash Aqua, Sodium Laureth Sulfate, Glycerin, Lauramidopropyl Betaine, Laureth-4, Cocamidopropyl PG-Dimonium Chloride Phosphate, Polyquaternium-39, Sodium Lactate, Parfum, Hexylene Glycol, Sodium Chloride, Sodium Benzoate, Citric Acid, Lactic Acid, Sodium Citrate, Tetrasodium EDTA, Sodium Benzotriazolyl Butylphenol Sulfonate, Buteth-3, Tributyl Citrate, Methylparaben, Propylparaben, Citronellol, Limonene, Alpha-Isomethyl Ionone, Hexyl Cinnamal,Butylphenyl, Methylpropional, Linalool, Cl 42051 And on the front it says: Antibacterial, maintains skin PH balance. I had the list already typed because i myself am doing some coursework on hand washes. Hope it heps.
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As always- check with your vet. But I believe that bathing 2-3 before applying Frontline Plus and then bathing again 3-4 days after applying is the best and safest way to keep fleas off your dog.
Answer by sawboy_buckFleas, although small, are actually dangerous. They continue sucking blood even when full and a bad infestation can cause serious loss of blood. Puppies and kittens can die from flea-caused anemia; a 16 year-old dog can also succumb to this and that should be avoided at all costs.
One of the simplest and most effective "flea repellents" are eucalyptus leaves. For some reason fleas are averse to their smell. Bathing your dog in a mixture of 2 cups of water and a lemon or lime sliced thinly also helps keep off fleas and, like the eucalyptus leaves, smells good. If available, citronella will work even better.
If you feel that your pet or home has a bad case of flea infestation, vacuum your house thoroughly and consult your vet. Flea infestation is not a joke; your vet will know what to do in cases like these.
AnswerPlease see your vet. There is topical flea treatments and shots, and your vet is the best person to ask this question from because of the age of your dog. AnswerYou should probably use a flea and tick treatment like K9 Advantex or Frontline plus those are both strong so you have a better chance of avoiding fleas. Also make your they are treated with something to prevent fleas because if your dog ingests one it could get tapeworm and I don't know how that would effect an older dog. Also talk to your vet before you make a decision they might point you in a better direction because of the age of your dog. Answer by libelulaIf you don't want your dog to die, don't use K9 Advantex or Frontline. The are neurotoxins. Use an organic flea pesticide on the dog and also in surrounding areas, specially if your dog stays in the backyard or walks around. Cedarcide is a good option for organic pesticide and very efective. Check their web page for testimonials1 answer
The essential oil industry was traditionally a cottage industry in India . Since 1974, a number of industrial companies have been established for large scale production of essential oils, oleo resins and perfume. The essential oils from plants being produced in India include ajowain oil, cedar wood oil, celery oil, citronella oil, davana oil, eucalyptus oil, geranium oil, lavender oil. lemon grass oil , mentha oil , palmarosa oil, patchaouli rose oil , sandal wood oil , turpentine oil and vetiver oil .The manufacture of turpentine oil , and resin from pine is a sizable and well established industry in India having 10,000 - 25000 tones annual production of the oil , α - pinine and δ-3 carene are the two vital components produced from the oil. α - Ionone from lemongrass oil for perfumery and β- ionone for vitamin A synthesis are produced in India . Before 1960, menthol was not produced in India but the introduction of Japanese mint, Mentha arvensis and subsequent improvements therefore enabled India to produces over 500 tones of menthol and now tops the world market in export of natural menthol 4
Although the production of major oils is highly organized, a number of developing countries have volatile oil rich flora not fully utilized or cultivated and the United Nation. Industrial Development Organization has taken steps to inform on the setting up of rural based small scale essential oil industries 3
Essential OilsThe chemical components of essential oils can be divided into two main categories, the hydrocarbon monoterpenes , diterpenes and sesquiterpenes , as well as some oxides , phenolices and sulphur and nitrogen containing material . Common terpenes include limonene which occurs in most citrus oils, and the antiseptic pine, found in pine and terpene oils. Important sesquterpenes include chamzulene and farnesene which occur in chamomile oil and which have been widely studied for anti inflammatory and bactericidal properties.The extensive occurrence of ester in essential oil include linalyl acetate , which is a component bergamot and lavender , and geranyl acetate found in sweet marjoram .Other common ester are the bornyl, eugenyl and lavendulyl acetate. The characteristic fruity aromas of esters are claimed to have sedative and fungicidal properties.
Aldehydes are also clamed to have sedative properties, the most common being citralnellal and neral found in lemon sconted oils, citral also has antiseptic properties. Equally pungent to the aldehydes in many instances are the ketones such as jasmine and funchone found in jasmine and fennel oil, respectively. Ketones such as camphor, carnone , methone and pine comphone , found in many proprietary preparation are effective in upper respiratory tract complaints . However, some ketones are also among the more toxic components essential oils such they one found in pennyroyal and buchu.
The alcohol within essential oils is generally nontoxic. Commonly occurring terpene alcohols include citronellal found in rose, lemon and eucalyptus, also geramnial, bornenol , fornenesol , menthol , nerol and linalool occurring in rose wood and lavender . Alcohol has antiseptic and antiviral properties and in aromatherapy are claimed to have an uplifting quality
A wide range of oxides occur in essential oils including ascaridol , bisabolol and bisaleolone oxides and linalool oxide from hyssop . The most important oxide, however, is cineole . Also known as eucalyptus oil, it occurs extensively in other oils such as bey laurel, rosemary and cajuput. It is used medicinally for its expectorant properties. 3
Use of Essential oil
Indian ScenarioIndia is one of the few countries in the world having varied agro climatic zones suitable for the cultivation of a host of essential oil bearing plants. Due to increased awareness of health hazards associated with synthetic chemicals coupled with the increase coast of petroleum products, the use of essential oils have been gradually increasing. The consumers are showing increasing preference for natural material over the synthetic. During the last few years with the spurt in the production of essential oils it is emerging as a potential agro based industry in India. At present in India about 30b % of the fine chemical used annually in perfumes and flavors come from essential oils. The total consumption of perfumery and flavorings material in India is abut 3800 MT / annum valued at Rs 100 crores. Food, dental, Pharmaceutical flavors share is around 700 MT and te rest represents perfumery. The estimated production of perfumery raw material is around 500 tones / annum valued at Rs 400 crores. According to trade Development Authority of India the total production of fragrance excluding formulation for captive consumption by the user industry is about Rs 120 crores /annum. A number of essential oils form palmarosa , citronella ginger grass , basil , mint , lemon grass , eucalyptus cedar wood , lavender oil , davana oil , celery seed oil , fennel and other oils have been widely used in a variety of products in India . Out of these the essential oils currently being produced in India are oil of citronella , lemongrass , basil , mint , sandalwood , palmarosa , eucalyptus , cedar wood , vetiver and geranium Rose oil , lavender , davana oil , oil of khus and ginger grass are produced in small quantities . During last forty year the importance of developing essential oil bearing plants is being increasingly realized. With the introduction of Japanese mint and subsequent improvement there upon, India produces 5000 tones of menthol values Rs 100 crores and is one of the leading Menthol produced in India before 1960. Presently the areas under mint cultivation are estimated to the around 40000 hectares mainly in U.P., Punjab, Haryana and to some extent in Bihar and M.P. The expert of essential oils during the year 1991-92 ha been 53.6 crores as against to 40 crores during the year 1990-91 thereby registering an increases of 37 % over the last year. An amount of Rs 61 crores have been saved foreign exchange annually by means of production of certain oils of mint , aromatic grass , linalool , geranium , lavender and rose oil during 91-92. With the increase in production of above essential oil, it would be possible for the country to save more valuable foreign exchange in the coming years. 2The magic items of expert are ginger oil., sandal wood oil , lemon grass oil , jasmine oil , tuberose concrete ad other essential oils . During the year 1991-92 export of sandalwood oil has registered a recorded figure of Rs 13 crores compound to Rs 6.2 crores during 1990-91. The major buyers of Indian essential oil being USSR , USA , France , UK , Netherlands, UAE, Saudi Arabia, Spain ,Morocco, Germany, Australia, Pakistan, Korea, Taiwan etc. Similarly, citronella oil production has reached 500 tons when it was totally imported 55 years ago. Also jasmine and tuberose concentrate from south India have created a marks in world marked. Thus an interesting scenario in the development of natural essential oil in India has enraged.2
World ScenarioIndia ranks 26th in import & 14 in respect of export in world in the trade of essential oil. USA, France, Germany are the top three countries in the world in the trade of essential oil. India hold around .7% of import & 1.1% of export .The values of export from India during 1991-92 to 4 major countries like USA, France ,Germany has been to the tune Of rupees 21.2 core with major share going to USA (rupees 8.2 crore) &France (Rs 7.39 crore)The world trade in essential oil & its product is vast and the oil of major importance are aniseed, citronella, clove, geranium, lemon grass, peppermint oil, patchouli, sandalwood and vetiver, sand wood ,mint oil, lemongrass, palmorosa occupies prominent position in the world market.
Future demandApproximately 90 % of the present requirement of essential oil in the country is met by the indigenous production and 10 % from import. In 1950 the production was hardly 75 80 tones, which has since resin to 8000 tones. This has been both vertical and horizontal growth in the production of essential oil. Peppermint and spearmint and other mint oil constitute 68% of total volume of production of essential oil in the country. Other important varieties which constitute of 28% of the total production are: basil oil, citronella oil, eucalypts oil, lemongrass, palmorosa, and sandalwood & vitever oil. The annual growth rate of pharmaceutical industry in terms of vol. & value is expected to be between 11-13 % in the next 5 years. The other important sector showing rapid expansion is the processed food industry particularly ice cream and confectionery items. Fragrance finds use in toiletries and personal care products. Volume wise toiletries constitute 90 % of all these products. The annual production of toiletries has been estimated by Toilet Makers Association from 3.5 lakhs tones In 1991 to 4.8 lakh tones in 1995 ., at an annual growth rate of 8 % . The requirement of essential oils by consumer industries under fragrances, flavour and aroma chemicals are 60 % 20% and 20% respectively. 2The home demand for essential oils during the next five year, is given below keeping the base year 1991-92 =100 and consumption at 8100 tones. 2
Year
Demand
1993-94
1994-95
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
10.1
11
12.1
13.3
14.5
The association of essential oils manufactures estimated growth in export value from Rs 50 corers in 1991-92 to Rs 125 corers in 1995-96. India ranks 14 th in world export trade, share being an average 0.6 -0.8 % of the total. These are an ample room for penetration into the foreign market especially to the newly developing countries of the middle and for east. Certain Indian varieties namely Sandalwood, lemongrass, palmarosa , davana , jasmine and all mint oils are becoming popular in these countries though there is a competition from other developing countries (namely China and Indonesia 0 and the synthetics oils that are manufactures in the European countries are much cheaper than the natural oils . India is the world leader in production of mint oils .2
Taking 191-92 as the base year = 100 and the average export of 793 tones, the estimated demand of essential oil for export and the total demand (domestic and export ) during 5 year are as under 2
Year
Demand for export
(000 tones )
Total demands
(000 tones )
93-94
94-95
95-96
96-97
97-98
1.2
1.6
2
2.6
3.4
11.3
12.4
14.1
15.9
17.9
The total west European market for flavor and fragrance is estimated to the 100000 tones in 1991 with flavor industry accounting for 40% & fragrance industry accounting for 60%. It's therefore presented that total consumption will touch 1, 15000 tones in 1996 at an annual growth of 3 % while the sale of flavors and fragrances in USA will reach US $ billion in 1995 with the annual growth rate of 7 %. The sale of essential oils are expected to reach US $ 435 millions in 1995 2
Indian expert earning from some selects essential oils during 1989-90
Items
Quantity (tones )
Values ( Rs )
Sandalwood
Lemongrass
Jasmine / tuberose concentrate
Peppermint
Eucalyptus
Davana
Palmorose
Cedarwood
Cardamon
Clove oil
15
185
-
73
17.5
0276
0.295
0.677
-
-
57.10
53.50
24.40
22.30
2.40
1.90
0.09
0.09
4.411
0426
Foreign exchange saved from some essential oil during 1991-92
Items
Quantity (tones)
Values ( Rs )
Bergamot mint
Citrenella oil java
Ceranium oil
Japanese mint oil
Linalol oil
Peppermint oil
Rose oil
Spearmint
20
600
30
2500
50
40
0.01
80
30
800
300
4500
120
100
10
240
Export of major essential oil from IndiaMentha aruensis and mint oil , Cedar wood oil , Clove oil, Eucalyptus oil, Tuberose concentrate , Palmarosa oil, Patchouli oil, Sandalwood oil, Lemongrass oil, Davana oil, Coriander oil, Dill oil, Spearmint oil, Rose oil, Mentha piperta , Jasmine concentrate, Jasmine oil Import of major essential oilCitranella oil, Geranium oil, Jasmine oil, Mentha aruensis , Mentha piperata , Vetiver oil, Cedarwood oil, Clove oil, Eucalyptus oil, Palmarosa oil, Patchouli oil, Sandalwood oilLemon grass oil, Davana oil, Anise oil, Caraway oil, Coriander oil, Spearmint oil, Lavender oil
Reference:1. Kokate C.K. , Pharamacognosy Nirali Prakashan2. Handa S.S. and Kaul M.K. , Supplement to cultivation and utilization of aromatic plants , Regional Research lab council for Scientific and industrial Research
3. Trease and Evans , Pharamcognosy Saunders
4. Handa S.S. and Kaul M.K. , Supplement to cultivation and utilization of medicinal plants , Reginal Research lab Jammu Tawi
5. www.Herbaldata.com
6. www.Wikipedia.com
7. Varsheny S.C. Export of essential oil from India. Ind
1 answer
Here is a list of what is allowed to be in American cigarettes, and has been found to be in some brands. Most of these chemicals are illegal to store in your home:
The above are either natural foodstuffs or are among the many, many food additives allowed by the FDA, but many are illegal to store in your home and many have been shown to be carcinogens or harmful to your health.
6 answers
Acetanisole, Acetic Acid, Acetoin,
Acetophenone, 6-Acetoxydihydrotheaspirane, 2-Acetyl-3- Ethylpyrazine, 2-Acetyl-5-Methylfuran,
Acetylpyrazine, 2-Acetylpyridine, 3-Acetylpyridine, 2-Acetylthiazole, Aconitic Acid, dl-Alanine,
Alfalfa Extract, Allspice Extract, Oleoresin, And Oil, Allyl Hexanoate, Allyl Ionone, Almond Bitter
Oil, Ambergris Tincture, Ammonia, Ammonium Bicarbonate, Ammonium Hydroxide, Ammonium
Phosphate Dibasic, Ammonium Sulfide, Amyl Alcohol, Amyl Butyrate, Amyl Formate, Amyl
Octanoate, alpha-Amylcinnamaldehyde, Amyris Oil, trans-Anethole, Angelica Root Extract, Oil
and Seed Oil, Anise, Anise Star, Extract and Oils, Anisyl Acetate, Anisyl Alcohol, Anisyl Formate,
Anisyl Phenylacetate, Apple Juice Concentrate, Extract, and Skins, Apricot Extract and Juice
Concentrate, 1-Arginine, Asafetida Fluid Extract And Oil, Ascorbic Acid, 1-Asparagine
Monohydrate, 1-Aspartic Acid, Balsam Peru and Oil, Basil Oil, Bay Leaf, Oil and Sweet Oil,
Beeswax White, Beet Juice Concentrate, Benzaldehyde, Benzaldehyde Glyceryl Acetal, Benzoic
Acid, Benzoin, Benzoin Resin, Benzophenone, Benzyl Alcohol, Benzyl Benzoate, Benzyl
Butyrate, Benzyl Cinnamate, Benzyl Propionate, Benzyl Salicylate, Bergamot Oil, Bisabolene,
Black Currant Buds Absolute, Borneol, Bornyl Acetate, Buchu Leaf Oil, 1,3-Butanediol, 2,3-
Butanedione, 1-Butanol, 2-Butanone, 4(2-Butenylidene)-3,5,5-Trimethyl-2-Cyclohexen-1-One,
Butter, Butter Esters, and Butter Oil, Butyl Acetate, Butyl Butyrate, Butyl Butyryl Lactate, Butyl
Isovalerate, Butyl Phenylacetate, Butyl Undecylenate, 3-Butylidenephthalide, Butyric Acid,
Cadinene, Caffeine, Calcium Carbonate, Camphene, Cananga Oil, Capsicum Oleoresin, Caramel
Color, Caraway Oil, Carbon Dioxide, Cardamom Oleoresin, Extract, Seed Oil, and Powder, Carob
Bean and Extract, beta-Carotene, Carrot Oil, Carvacrol, 4-Carvomenthenol, 1-Carvone, beta-
Caryophyllene, beta-Caryophyllene Oxide, Cascarilla Oil and Bark Extract, Cassia Bark Oil,
Cassie Absolute and Oil, Castoreum Extract, Tincture and Absolute, Cedar Leaf Oil, Cedarwood
Oil Terpenes and Virginiana, Cedrol, Celery Seed Extract, Solid, Oil, And Oleoresin, Cellulose
Fiber, Chamomile Flower Oil And Extract, Chicory Extract, Chocolate, Cinnamaldehyde,
Cinnamic Acid, Cinnamon Leaf Oil, Bark Oil, and Extract, Cinnamyl Acetate, Cinnamyl Alcohol,
Cinnamyl Cinnamate, Cinnamyl Isovalerate, Cinnamyl Propionate, Citral, Citric Acid, Citronella
Oil, dl-Citronellol, Citronellyl Butyrate, Citronellyl Isobutyrate, Civet Absolute, Clary Oil, Clover
Tops, Red Solid Extract, Cocoa, Cocoa Shells, Extract, Distillate And Powder, Coconut Oil,
Coffee, Cognac White and Green Oil, Copaiba Oil, Coriander Extract and Oil, Corn Oil, Corn Silk,
Costus Root Oil, Cubeb Oil, Cuminaldehyde, para-Cymene, 1-Cysteine, Dandelion Root Solid
Extract, Davana Oil, 2-trans, 4-trans-Decadienal, delta-Decalactone, gamma-Decalactone,
Decanal, Decanoic Acid, 1-Decanol, 2-Decenal, Dehydromenthofurolactone, Diethyl Malonate,
Diethyl Sebacate, 2,3-Diethylpyrazine, Dihydro Anethole, 5,7-Dihydro-2-Methylthieno(3,4-D)
Pyrimidine, Dill Seed Oil and Extract, meta-Dimethoxybenzene, para-Dimethoxybenzene, 2,6-
Dimethoxyphenol, Dimethyl Succinate, 3,4-Dimethyl-1,2-Cyclopentanedione, 3,5- Dimethyl-1,2-
Cyclopentanedione, 3,7-Dimethyl-1,3,6-Octatriene, 4,5-Dimethyl-3-Hydroxy-2,5-Dihydrofuran-2-
One, 6,10-Dimethyl-5,9-Undecadien-2-One, 3,7-Dimethyl-6-Octenoic Acid, 2,4-
Dimethylacetophenone, alpha,para-Dimethylbenzyl Alcohol, alpha,alpha-Dimethylphenethyl
Acetate, alpha,alpha Dimethylphenethyl Butyrate, 2,3-Dimethylpyrazine, 2,5-Dimethylpyrazine,
2,6-Dimethylpyrazine, Dimethyltetrahydrobenzofuranone, delta-Dodecalactone, gamma-
Dodecalactone, para-Ethoxybenzaldehyde, Ethyl 10-Undecenoate, Ethyl 2-Methylbutyrate, Ethyl Acetate, Ethyl Acetoacetate, Ethyl Alcohol, Ethyl Benzoate, Ethyl Butyrate, Ethyl Cinnamate,
Ethyl Decanoate, Ethyl Fenchol, Ethyl Furoate, Ethyl Heptanoate, Ethyl Hexanoate, Ethyl
Isovalerate, Ethyl Lactate, Ethyl Laurate, Ethyl Levulinate, Ethyl Maltol, Ethyl Methyl
Phenylglycidate, Ethyl Myristate, Ethyl Nonanoate, Ethyl Octadecanoate, Ethyl Octanoate, Ethyl
Oleate, Ethyl Palmitate, Ethyl Phenylacetate, Ethyl Propionate, Ethyl Salicylate, Ethyl trans-2-
Butenoate, Ethyl Valerate, Ethyl Vanillin, 2-Ethyl (or Methyl)-(3,5 and 6)-Methoxypyrazine, 2-
Ethyl-1-Hexanol, 3-Ethyl -2 -Hydroxy-2-Cyclopenten-1-One, 2-Ethyl-3, (5 or 6)-Dimethylpyrazine,
5-Ethyl-3-Hydroxy-4-Methyl-2(5H)-Furanone, 2-Ethyl-3-Methylpyrazine, 4-Ethylbenzaldehyde, 4-
Ethylguaiacol, para-Ethylphenol, 3-Ethylpyridine, Eucalyptol, Farnesol, D-Fenchone, Fennel
Sweet Oil, Fenugreek, Extract, Resin, and Absolute, Fig Juice Concentrate, Food Starch
Modified, Furfuryl Mercaptan, 4-(2-Furyl)-3-Buten-2-One, Galbanum Oil, Genet Absolute, Gentian
Root Extract, Geraniol, Geranium Rose Oil, Geranyl Acetate, Geranyl Butyrate, Geranyl Formate,
Geranyl Isovalerate, Geranyl Phenylacetate, Ginger Oil and Oleoresin, 1-Glutamic Acid, 1-
Glutamine, Glycerol, Glycyrrhizin Ammoniated, Grape Juice Concentrate, Guaiac Wood Oil,
Guaiacol, Guar Gum, 2,4-Heptadienal, gamma-Heptalactone, Heptanoic Acid, 2-Heptanone, 3-
Hepten-2-One, 2-Hepten-4-One, 4-Heptenal, trans -2-Heptenal, Heptyl Acetate, omega-6-
Hexadecenlactone, gamma-Hexalactone, Hexanal, Hexanoic Acid, 2-Hexen-1-Ol, 3-Hexen-1-Ol,
cis-3-Hexen-1-Yl Acetate, 2-Hexenal, 3-Hexenoic Acid, trans-2-Hexenoic Acid, cis-3-Hexenyl
Formate, Hexyl 2-Methylbutyrate, Hexyl Acetate, Hexyl Alcohol, Hexyl Phenylacetate, 1-Histidine,
Honey, Hops Oil, Hydrolyzed Milk Solids, Hydrolyzed Plant Proteins, 5-Hydroxy-2,4-Decadienoic
Acid delta- Lactone, 4-Hydroxy-2,5-Dimethyl-3(2H)-Furanone, 2-Hydroxy-3,5,5-Trimethyl-2-
Cyclohexen-1-One, 4-Hydroxy -3-Pentenoic Acid Lactone, 2-Hydroxy-4-Methylbenzaldehyde, 4-
Hydroxybutanoic Acid Lactone, Hydroxycitronellal, 6-Hydroxydihydrotheaspirane, 4-(para-
Hydroxyphenyl)-2-Butanone, Hyssop Oil, Immortelle Absolute and Extract, alpha-Ionone, beta-
Ionone, alpha-Irone, Isoamyl Acetate, Isoamyl Benzoate, Isoamyl Butyrate, Isoamyl Cinnamate,
Isoamyl Formate, Isoamyl Hexanoate, Isoamyl Isovalerate, Isoamyl Octanoate, Isoamyl
Phenylacetate, Isobornyl Acetate, Isobutyl Acetate, Isobutyl Alcohol, Isobutyl Cinnamate, Isobutyl
Phenylacetate, Isobutyl Salicylate, 2-Isobutyl-3-Methoxypyrazine, alpha-Isobutylphenethyl
Alcohol, Isobutyraldehyde, Isobutyric Acid, d,l-Isoleucine, alpha-Isomethylionone, 2-
Isopropylphenol, Isovaleric Acid, Jasmine Absolute, Concrete and Oil, Kola Nut Extract,
Labdanum Absolute and Oleoresin, Lactic Acid, Lauric Acid, Lauric Aldehyde, Lavandin Oil,
Lavender Oil, Lemon Oil and Extract, Lemongrass Oil, 1-Leucine, Levulinic Acid, Licorice Root,
Fluid, Extract and Powder, Lime Oil , Linalool, Linalool Oxide, Linalyl Acetate, Linden Flowers,
Lovage Oil And Extract, 1-Lysine, Mace Powder, Extract and Oil , Magnesium Carbonate, Malic
Acid, Malt and Malt Extract, Maltodextrin, Maltol, Maltyl Isobutyrate, Mandarin Oil, Maple Syrup
and Concentrate, Mate Leaf, Absolute and Oil, para-Mentha-8-Thiol-3-One, Menthol, Menthone,
Menthyl Acetate, dl-Methionine, Methoprene, 2-Methoxy-4-Methylphenol, 2-Methoxy-4-
Vinylphenol, para-Methoxybenzaldehyde, 1-(para-Methoxyphenyl)-1-Penten-3-One, 4-(para-
Methoxyphenyl)-2-Butanone, 1-(para-Methoxyphenyl)-2-Propanone, Methoxypyrazine, Methyl 2-
Furoate, Methyl 2-Octynoate, Methyl 2-Pyrrolyl Ketone, Methyl Anisate, Methyl Anthranilate,
Methyl Benzoate, Methyl Cinnamate, Methyl Dihydrojasmonate, Methyl Ester of Rosin, Partially
Hydrogenated, Methyl Isovalerate, Methyl Linoleate (48%), Methyl Linolenate (52%) Mixture,
Methyl Naphthyl Ketone, Methyl Nicotinate, Methyl Phenylacetate, Methyl Salicylate, Methyl
Sulfide, 3-Methyl-1-Cyclopentadecanone, 4-Methyl-1-Phenyl-2-Pentanone, 5-Methyl-2-Phenyl-2-
Hexenal, 5-Methyl-2-Thiophenecarboxaldehyde, 6-Methyl-3,-5-Heptadien-2-One, 2-Methyl-3-
(para-Isopropylphenyl) Propionaldehyde, 5-Methyl-3-Hexen-2-One, 1-Methyl-3Methoxy-4-
Isopropylbenzene, 4-Methyl-3-Pentene-2-One, 2-Methyl-4-Phenylbutyraldehyde, 6-Methyl-5-
Hepten-2-One, 4-Methyl-5-Thiazoleethanol, 4-Methyl-5-Vinylthiazole, Methyl-alpha-Ionone,
Methyl-trans-2-Butenoic Acid, 4-Methylacetophenone, para-Methylanisole, alpha-Methylbenzyl
Acetate, alpha-Methylbenzyl Alcohol, 2-Methylbutyraldehyde, 3-Methylbutyraldehyde, 2-
Methylbutyric Acid, alpha-Methylcinnamaldehyde, Methylcyclopentenolone, 2-Methylheptanoic
Acid, 2-Methylhexanoic Acid, 3-Methylpentanoic Acid, 4-Methylpentanoic Acid, 2-Methylpyrazine,
5-Methylquinoxaline, 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran-3-One, (Methylthio)Methylpyrazine (Mixture Of
Isomers), 3-Methylthiopropionaldehyde, Methyl 3-Methylthiopropionate, 2-Methylvaleric Acid,
Mimosa Absolute and Extract, Molasses Extract and Tincture, Mountain Maple Solid Extract,
Mullein Flowers, Myristaldehyde, Myristic Acid, Myrrh Oil, beta-Napthyl Ethyl Ether, Nerol, Neroli Bigarde Oil, Nerolidol, Nona-2-trans,6-cis-Dienal, 2,6-Nonadien-1-Ol, gamma-Nonalactone,
Nonanal, Nonanoic Acid, Nonanone, trans-2-Nonen-1-Ol, 2-Nonenal, Nonyl Acetate, Nutmeg
Powder and Oil, Oak Chips Extract and Oil, Oak Moss Absolute, 9,12-Octadecadienoic Acid
(48%) And 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic Acid (52%), delta-Octalactone, gamma-Octalactone,
Octanal, Octanoic Acid, 1-Octanol, 2-Octanone, 3-Octen-2-One, 1-Octen-3-Ol, 1-Octen-3-Yl
Acetate, 2-Octenal, Octyl Isobutyrate, Oleic Acid , Olibanum Oil, Opoponax Oil And Gum, Orange
Blossoms Water, Absolute, and Leaf Absolute, Orange Oil and Extract, Origanum Oil, Orris
Concrete Oil and Root Extract, Palmarosa Oil, Palmitic Acid, Parsley Seed Oil, Patchouli Oil,
omega-Pentadecalactone, 2,3-Pentanedione, 2-Pentanone, 4-Pentenoic Acid, 2-Pentylpyridine,
Pepper Oil, Black And White, Peppermint Oil, Peruvian (Bois De Rose) Oil, Petitgrain Absolute,
Mandarin Oil and Terpeneless Oil, alpha-Phellandrene, 2-Phenenthyl Acetate, Phenenthyl
Alcohol, Phenethyl Butyrate, Phenethyl Cinnamate, Phenethyl Isobutyrate, Phenethyl Isovalerate,
Phenethyl Phenylacetate, Phenethyl Salicylate, 1-Phenyl-1-Propanol, 3-Phenyl-1-Propanol, 2-
Phenyl-2-Butenal, 4-Phenyl-3-Buten-2-Ol, 4-Phenyl-3-Buten-2-One, Phenylacetaldehyde,
Phenylacetic Acid, 1-Phenylalanine, 3-Phenylpropionaldehyde, 3-Phenylpropionic Acid, 3-
Phenylpropyl Acetate, 3-Phenylpropyl Cinnamate, 2-(3-Phenylpropyl)Tetrahydrofuran,
Phosphoric Acid, Pimenta Leaf Oil, Pine Needle Oil, Pine Oil, Scotch, Pineapple Juice
Concentrate, alpha-Pinene, beta-Pinene, D-Piperitone, Piperonal, Pipsissewa Leaf Extract, Plum
Juice, Potassium Sorbate, 1-Proline, Propenylguaethol, Propionic Acid, Propyl Acetate, Propyl
para-Hydroxybenzoate, Propylene Glycol, 3-Propylidenephthalide, Prune Juice and Concentrate,
Pyridine, Pyroligneous Acid And Extract, Pyrrole, Pyruvic Acid, Raisin Juice Concentrate,
Rhodinol, Rose Absolute and Oil, Rosemary Oil, Rum, Rum Ether, Rye Extract, Sage, Sage Oil,
and Sage Oleoresin, Salicylaldehyde, Sandalwood Oil, Yellow, Sclareolide, Skatole, Smoke
Flavor, Snakeroot Oil, Sodium Acetate, Sodium Benzoate, Sodium Bicarbonate, Sodium
Carbonate, Sodium Chloride, Sodium Citrate, Sodium Hydroxide, Solanone, Spearmint Oil,
Styrax Extract, Gum and Oil, Sucrose Octaacetate, Sugar Alcohols, Sugars, Tagetes Oil, Tannic
Acid, Tartaric Acid, Tea Leaf and Absolute, alpha-Terpineol, Terpinolene, Terpinyl Acetate,
5,6,7,8-Tetrahydroquinoxaline, 1,5,5,9-Tetramethyl-13-Oxatricyclo(8.3.0.0(4,9))Tridecane,
2,3,4,5, and 3,4,5,6-Tetramethylethyl-Cyclohexanone, 2,3,5,6-Tetramethylpyrazine, Thiamine
Hydrochloride, Thiazole, 1-Threonine, Thyme Oil, White and Red, Thymol, Tobacco Extracts,
Tochopherols (mixed), Tolu Balsam Gum and Extract, Tolualdehydes, para-Tolyl 3-
Methylbutyrate, para-Tolyl Acetaldehyde, para-Tolyl Acetate, para-Tolyl Isobutyrate, para-Tolyl
Phenylacetate, Triacetin, 2-Tridecanone, 2-Tridecenal, Triethyl Citrate, 3,5,5-Trimethyl -1-
Hexanol, para,alpha,alpha-Trimethylbenzyl Alcohol, 4-(2,6,6-Trimethylcyclohex-1-Enyl)But-2-En-
4-One, 2,6,6-Trimethylcyclohex-2-Ene-1,4-Dione, 2,6,6-Trimethylcyclohexa-1,3-Dienyl Methan, 4-
(2,6,6-Trimethylcyclohexa-1,3-Dienyl)But-2-En-4-One, 2,2,6-Trimethylcyclohexanone, 2,3,5-
Trimethylpyrazine, 1-Tyrosine, delta-Undercalactone, gamma-Undecalactone, Undecanal, 2-
Undecanone, 1 0-Undecenal, Urea, Valencene, Valeraldehyde, Valerian Root Extract, Oil and
Powder, Valeric Acid, gamma-Valerolactone, Valine, Vanilla Extract And Oleoresin, Vanillin,
Veratraldehyde, Vetiver Oil, Vinegar, Violet Leaf Absolute, Walnut Hull Extract, Water, Wheat
Extract And Flour, Wild Cherry Bark Extract, Wine and Wine Sherry, Xanthan Gum, 3,4-Xylenol, and yeast nicotine is what makes you addicted to them == ==
4 answers
List of 4000 chemicals in tobacco smoke Acetanisole, Acetic Acid, Acetoin, Acetophenone, 6-Acetoxydihydrotheaspirane, 2-Acetyl-3- Ethylpyrazine, 2-Acetyl-5-Methylfuran, Acetylpyrazine, 2-Acetylpyridine, 3-Acetylpyridine, 2-Acetylthiazole, Aconitic Acid, dl-Alanine, Alfalfa Extract, Allspice Extract, Oleoresin, And Oil, Allyl Hexanoate, Allyl Ionone, Almond Bitter Oil, Ambergris Tincture, Ammonia, Ammonium Bicarbonate, Ammonium Hydroxide, Ammonium Phosphate Dibasic, Ammonium Sulfide, Amyl Alcohol, Amyl Butyrate, Amyl Formate, Amyl Octanoate, alpha-Amylcinnamaldehyde, Amyris Oil, trans-Anethole, Angelica Root Extract, Oil and Seed Oil, Anise, Anise Star, Extract and Oils, Anisyl Acetate, Anisyl Alcohol, Anisyl Formate, Anisyl Phenylacetate, Apple Juice Concentrate, Extract, and Skins, Apricot Extract and Juice Concentrate, 1-Arginine, Asafetida Fluid Extract And Oil, Ascorbic Acid, 1-Asparagine Monohydrate, 1-Aspartic Acid, Balsam Peru and Oil, Basil Oil, Bay Leaf, Oil and Sweet Oil, Beeswax White, Beet Juice Concentrate, Benzaldehyde,Benzaldehyde Glyceryl Acetal, Benzoic Acid, Benzoin, Benzoin Resin, Benzophenone, Benzyl Alcohol, Benzyl Benzoate, Benzyl Butyrate, Benzyl Cinnamate, Benzyl Propionate, Benzyl Salicylate, Bergamot Oil, Bisabolene, Black Currant Buds Absolute, Borneol, Bornyl Acetate, Buchu Leaf Oil, 1,3-Butanediol, 2,3-Butanedione, 1-Butanol, 2-Butanone, 4(2-Butenylidene)-3,5,5-Trimethyl-2-Cyclohexen-1-One, Butter, Butter Esters, and Butter Oil, Butyl Acetate, Butyl Butyrate, Butyl Butyryl Lactate, Butyl Isovalerate, Butyl Phenylacetate, Butyl Undecylenate, 3-Butylidenephthalide, Butyric Acid, Cadinene, Caffeine, Calcium Carbonate, Camphene, Cananga Oil, Capsicum Oleoresin, Caramel Color, Caraway Oil, Carbon Dioxide, Cardamom Oleoresin, Extract, Seed Oil, and Powder, Carob Bean and Extract, beta-Carotene, Carrot Oil, Carvacrol, 4-Carvomenthenol, 1-Carvone, beta-Caryophyllene, beta-Caryophyllene Oxide, Cascarilla Oil and Bark Extract, Cassia Bark Oil, Cassie Absolute and Oil, Castoreum Extract,Tincture and Absolute,Cedar Leaf Oil, Cedarwood Oil Terpenes and Virginiana, Cedrol, Celery Seed Extract, Solid, Oil, And Oleoresin, Cellulose Fiber, Chamomile Flower Oil And Extract, Chicory Extract, Chocolate, Cinnamaldehyde, Cinnamic Acid, Cinnamon Leaf Oil, Bark Oil, and Extract, Cinnamyl Acetate, Cinnamyl Alcohol, Cinnamyl Cinnamate, Cinnamyl Isovalerate, Cinnamyl Propionate, Citral, Citric Acid, Citronella Oil, dl-Citronellol, Citronellyl Butyrate, Citronellyl Isobutyrate, Civet Absolute, Clary Oil, Clover Tops, Red Solid Extract, Cocoa, Cocoa Shells, Extract, Distillate And Powder, Coconut Oil, Coffee, Cognac White and Green Oil, Copaiba Oil, Coriander Extract and Oil, Corn Oil, Corn Silk, Costus Root Oil, Cubeb Oil, Cuminaldehyde, para-Cymene, 1-Cysteine, Dandelion Root Solid Extract, Davana Oil, 2-trans, 4-trans-Decadienal, delta-Decalactone, gamma-Decalactone, Decanal, Decanoic Acid, 1-Decanol, 2-Decenal, Dehydromenthofurolactone, Diethyl Malonate, Diethyl Sebacate, 2,3-Diethylpyrazine,Dihydro Anethole, 5,7-Dihydro-2-Methylthieno(3,4-D) Pyrimidine, Dill Seed Oil and Extract, meta-Dimethoxybenzene, para-Dimethoxybenzene, 2,6-Dimethoxyphenol, Dimethyl Succinate, 3,4-Dimethyl-1,2-Cyclopentanedione, 3,5- Dimethyl-1,2-Cyclopentanedione, 3,7-Dimethyl-1,3,6-Octatriene, 4,5-Dimethyl-3-Hydroxy-2,5-Dihydrofuran-2-One, 6,10-Dimethyl-5,9-Undecadien-2-One, 3,7-Dimethyl-6-Octenoic Acid, 2,4-Dimethylacetophenone, alpha,para-Dimethylbenzyl Alcohol, alpha,alpha-Dimethylphenethyl Acetate, alpha,alpha Dimethylphenethyl Butyrate, 2,3-Dimethylpyrazine,2,5-Dimethylpyrazine, 2,6-Dimethylpyrazine, Dimethyltetrahydrobenzofuranone, delta-Dodecalactone, gamma-Dodecalactone, para-Ethoxybenzaldehyde, Ethyl 10-Undecenoate, Ethyl 2-Methylbutyrate, Ethyl Acetate, Ethyl Acetoacetate, Ethyl Alcohol, Ethyl Benzoate, Ethyl Butyrate, Ethyl Cinnamate, Ethyl Decanoate, Ethyl Fenchol, Ethyl Furoate, Ethyl Heptanoate, Ethyl Hexanoate, Ethyl Isovalerate, Ethyl Lactate, Ethyl Laurate, Ethyl Levulinate, Ethyl Maltol,Ethyl Methyl Phenylglycidate, Ethyl Myristate, Ethyl Nonanoate, Ethyl Octadecanoate, Ethyl Octanoate, Ethyl Oleate, Ethyl Palmitate, Ethyl Phenylacetate, Ethyl Propionate, Ethyl Salicylate, Ethyl trans-2-Butenoate, Ethyl Valerate, Ethyl Vanillin, 2-Ethyl (or Methyl)-(3,5 and 6)-Methoxypyrazine, 2-Ethyl-1-Hexanol, 3-Ethyl -2 -Hydroxy-2-Cyclopenten-1-One, 2-Ethyl-3, (5 or 6)-Dimethylpyrazine, 5-Ethyl-3-Hydroxy-4-Methyl-2(5H)-Furanone, 2-Ethyl-3-Methylpyrazine, 4-Ethylbenzaldehyde, 4-Ethylguaiacol, para-Ethylphenol, 3-Ethylpyridine, Eucalyptol, Farnesol, D-Fenchone, Fennel Sweet Oil, Fenugreek, Extract, Resin, and Absolute, Fig Juice Concentrate, Food Starch Modified, Furfuryl Mercaptan, 4-(2-Furyl)-3-Buten-2-One, Galbanum Oil, Genet Absolute, Gentian Root Extract, Geraniol, Geranium Rose Oil, Geranyl Acetate, Geranyl Butyrate, Geranyl Formate, Geranyl Isovalerate, Geranyl Phenylacetate, Ginger Oil and Oleoresin, 1-Glutamic Acid, 1-Glutamine, Glycerol, Glycyrrhizin Ammoniated, Grape Juice Concentrate,Guaiac Wood Oil, Guaiacol, Guar Gum, 2,4-Heptadienal, gamma-Heptalactone, Heptanoic Acid, 2-Heptanone, 3-Hepten-2-One, 2-Hepten-4-One, 4-Heptenal, trans -2-Heptenal, Heptyl Acetate, omega-6-Hexadecenlactone, gamma-Hexalactone, Hexanal, Hexanoic Acid, 2-Hexen-1-Ol, 3-Hexen-1-Ol, cis-3-Hexen-1-Yl Acetate, 2-Hexenal, 3-Hexenoic Acid, trans-2-Hexenoic Acid, cis-3-Hexenyl Formate, Hexyl 2-Methylbutyrate, Hexyl Acetate, Hexyl Alcohol, Hexyl Phenylacetate, 1-Histidine, Honey, Hops Oil, Hydrolyzed Milk Solids, Hydrolyzed Plant Proteins, 5-Hydroxy-2,4-Decadienoic Acid delta- Lactone, 4-Hydroxy-2,5-Dimethyl-3(2H)-Furanone, 2-Hydroxy-3,5,5-Trimethyl-2-Cyclohexen-1-One, 4-Hydroxy -3-Pentenoic Acid Lactone, 2-Hydroxy-4-Methylbenzaldehyde, 4-Hydroxybutanoic Acid Lactone, Hydroxycitronellal, 6-Hydroxydihydrotheaspirane, 4-(para-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-Butanone, Hyssop Oil, Immortelle Absolute and Extract, alpha-Ionone, beta-Ionone, alpha-Irone, Isoamyl Acetate, Isoamyl Benzoate, Isoamyl Butyrate, Isoamyl Cinnamate,Isoamyl Formate, Isoamyl Hexanoate, Isoamyl Isovalerate, Isoamyl Octanoate, Isoamyl Phenylacetate, Isobornyl Acetate, Isobutyl Acetate, Isobutyl Alcohol, Isobutyl Cinnamate, Isobutyl Phenylacetate, Isobutyl Salicylate, 2-Isobutyl-3-Methoxypyrazine, alpha-Isobutylphenethyl Alcohol, Isobutyraldehyde, Isobutyric Acid, d,l-Isoleucine, alpha-Isomethylionone, 2-Isopropylphenol, Isovaleric Acid, Jasmine Absolute, Concrete and Oil, Kola Nut Extract, Labdanum Absolute and Oleoresin, Lactic Acid, Lauric Acid, Lauric Aldehyde, Lavandin Oil, Lavender Oil, Lemon Oil and Extract, Lemongrass Oil, 1-Leucine, Levulinic Acid, Licorice Root, Fluid, Extract and Powder, Lime Oil, Linalool, Linalool Oxide, Linalyl Acetate, Linden Flowers, Lovage Oil And Extract, 1-Lysine, Mace Powder, Extract and Oil, Magnesium Carbonate, Malic Acid, Malt and Malt Extract, Maltodextrin, Maltol, Maltyl Isobutyrate, Mandarin Oil, Maple Syrup and Concentrate, Mate Leaf, Absolute and Oil, para-Mentha-8-Thiol-3-One, Menthol, Menthone,Menthyl Acetate, dl-Methionine, Methoprene, 2-Methoxy-4-Methylphenol, 2-Methoxy-4-Vinylphenol, para-Methoxybenzaldehyde, 1-(para-Methoxyphenyl)-1-Penten-3-One, 4-(para-Methoxyphenyl)-2-Butanone, 1-(para-Methoxyphenyl)-2-Propanone, Methoxypyrazine, Methyl 2-Furoate, Methyl 2-Octynoate, Methyl 2-Pyrrolyl Ketone, Methyl Anisate, Methyl Anthranilate, Methyl Benzoate, Methyl Cinnamate, Methyl Dihydrojasmonate, Methyl Ester of Rosin, Partially Hydrogenated, Methyl Isovalerate, Methyl Linoleate (48%), Methyl Linolenate (52%) Mixture, Methyl Naphthyl Ketone, Methyl Nicotinate, Methyl Phenylacetate, Methyl Salicylate, Methyl Sulfide, 3-Methyl-1-Cyclopentadecanone, 4-Methyl-1-Phenyl-2-Pentanone, 5-Methyl-2-Phenyl-2-Hexenal, 5-Methyl-2-Thiophenecarboxaldehyde, 6-Methyl-3,-5-Heptadien-2-One, 2-Methyl-3-(para-Isopropylphenyl) Propionaldehyde, 5-Methyl-3-Hexen-2-One, 1-Methyl-3Methoxy-4-Isopropylbenzene, 4-Methyl-3-Pentene-2-One, 2-Methyl-4-Phenylbutyraldehyde, 6-Methyl-5-Hepten-2-One, 4-Methyl-5-Thiazoleethanol,4-Methyl-5-Vinylthiazole, Methyl-alpha-Ionone, Methyl-trans-2-Butenoic Acid, 4-Methylacetophenone, para-Methylanisole, alpha-Methylbenzyl Acetate, alpha-Methylbenzyl Alcohol, 2-Methylbutyraldehyde, 3-Methylbutyraldehyde, 2-Methylbutyric Acid, alpha-Methylcinnamaldehyde, Methylcyclopentenolone, 2-Methylheptanoic Acid, 2-Methylhexanoic Acid, 3-Methylpentanoic Acid, 4-Methylpentanoic Acid, 2-Methylpyrazine, 5-Methylquinoxaline, 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran-3-One, (Methylthio)Methylpyrazine (Mixture Of Isomers), 3-Methylthiopropionaldehyde, Methyl 3-Methylthiopropionate, 2-Methylvaleric Acid, Mimosa Absolute and Extract, Molasses Extract and Tincture, Mountain Maple Solid Extract, Mullein Flowers, Myristaldehyde, Myristic Acid, Myrrh Oil, beta-Napthyl Ethyl Ether, Nerol, Neroli Bigarde Oil, Nerolidol, Nona-2-trans,6-cis-Dienal, 2,6-Nonadien-1-Ol, gamma-Nonalactone, Nonanal, Nonanoic Acid, Nonanone, trans-2-Nonen-1-Ol, 2-Nonenal, Nonyl Acetate, Nutmeg Powder and Oil, Oak Chips Extract and Oil,Oak Moss Absolute, 9,12-Octadecadienoic Acid (48%) And 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic Acid (52%), delta-Octalactone, gamma-Octalactone, Octanal, Octanoic Acid, 1-Octanol, 2-Octanone, 3-Octen-2-One, 1-Octen-3-Ol, 1-Octen-3-Yl Acetate, 2-Octenal, Octyl Isobutyrate, Oleic Acid , Olibanum Oil, Opoponax Oil And Gum, Orange Blossoms Water, Absolute, and Leaf Absolute, Orange Oil and Extract, Origanum Oil, Orris Concrete Oil and Root Extract, Palmarosa Oil, Palmitic Acid, Parsley Seed Oil, Patchouli Oil, omega-Pentadecalactone, 2,3-Pentanedione, 2-Pentanone, 4-Pentenoic Acid, 2-Pentylpyridine, Pepper Oil, Black And White, Peppermint Oil, Peruvian (Bois De Rose) Oil, Petitgrain Absolute, Mandarin Oil and Terpeneless Oil, alpha-Phellandrene, 2-Phenenthyl Acetate, Phenenthyl Alcohol, Phenethyl Butyrate, Phenethyl Cinnamate, Phenethyl Isobutyrate, Phenethyl Isovalerate, Phenethyl Phenylacetate, Phenethyl Salicylate, 1-Phenyl-1-Propanol, 3-Phenyl-1-Propanol, 2-Phenyl-2-Butenal, 4-Phenyl-3-Buten-2-Ol,4-Phenyl-3-Buten-2-One, Phenylacetaldehyde, Phenylacetic Acid, 1-Phenylalanine, 3-Phenylpropionaldehyde, 3-Phenylpropionic Acid, 3-Phenylpropyl Acetate, 3-Phenylpropyl Cinnamate, 2-(3-Phenylpropyl)Tetrahydrofuran, Phosphoric Acid, Pimenta Leaf Oil, Pine Needle Oil, Pine Oil, Scotch, Pineapple Juice Concentrate, alpha-Pinene, beta-Pinene, D-Piperitone, Piperonal, Pipsissewa Leaf Extract, Plum Juice, Potassium Sorbate, 1-Proline, Propenylguaethol, Propionic Acid, Propyl Acetate, Propyl para-Hydroxybenzoate, Propylene Glycol, 3-Propylidenephthalide, Prune Juice and Concentrate, Pyridine, Pyroligneous Acid And Extract, Pyrrole, Pyruvic Acid, Raisin Juice Concentrate, Rhodinol, Rose Absolute and Oil, Rosemary Oil, Rum, Rum Ether, Rye Extract, Sage, Sage Oil, and Sage Oleoresin, Salicylaldehyde, Sandalwood Oil, Yellow, Sclareolide, Skatole, Smoke Flavor, Snakeroot Oil, Sodium Acetate, Sodium Benzoate, Sodium Bicarbonate, Sodium Carbonate, Sodium Chloride, Sodium Citrate, Sodium Hydroxide, Solanone, Spearmint Oil, Styrax Extract, Gum and Oil, Sucrose Octaacetate, Sugar Alcohols, Sugars, Tagetes Oil, Tannic Acid, Tartaric Acid, Tea Leaf and Absolute, alpha-Terpineol, Terpinolene, Terpinyl Acetate, 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydroquinoxaline, 1,5,5,9-Tetramethyl-13-Oxatricyclo(8.3.0.0(4,9))Tridecane, 2,3,4,5, and 3,4,5,6-Tetramethylethyl-Cyclohexanone, 2,3,5,6-Tetramethylpyrazine, Thiamine Hydrochloride, Thiazole, 1-Threonine, Thyme Oil, White and Red, Thymol, Tobacco Extracts, Tochopherols (mixed), Tolu Balsam Gum and Extract, Tolualdehydes, para-Tolyl 3-Methylbutyrate, para-Tolyl Acetaldehyde, para-Tolyl Acetate, para-Tolyl Isobutyrate, para-Tolyl Phenylacetate, Triacetin, 2-Tridecanone, 2-Tridecenal, Triethyl Citrate, 3,5,5-Trimethyl -1-Hexanol, para,alpha,alpha-Trimethylbenzyl Alcohol, 4-(2,6,6-Trimethylcyclohex-1-Enyl)But-2-En-4-One, 2,6,6-Trimethylcyclohex-2-Ene-1,4-Dione, 2,6,6-Trimethylcyclohexa-1,3-Dienyl Methan, 4-(2,6,6-Trimethylcyclohexa-1,3-Dienyl)But-2-En-4-One,2,2,6-Trimethylcyclohexanone, 2,3,5-Trimethylpyrazine, 1-Tyrosine, delta-Undercalactone, gamma-Undecalactone, Undecanal, 2-Undecanone, 10-Undecenal, Urea, Valencene, Valeraldehyde, Valerian Root Extract, Oil and Powder, Valeric Acid, gamma-Valerolactone, Valine, Vanilla Extract And Oleoresin, Vanillin, Veratraldehyde, Vetiver Oil, Vinegar, Violet Leaf Absolute, Walnut Hull Extract, Water, Wheat Extract And Flour, Wild Cherry Bark Extract, Wine and Wine Sherry, Xanthan Gum, 3,4-Xylenol, Yeast
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