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The machine level.
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gate level netlist
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It is a programming language with strong abstraction from the details of the computer.
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Physical abstraction in data abstraction refers to hiding the implementation details of how data is stored and accessed. It allows programmers to work with high-level concepts of data without needing to understand the underlying physical structures. This separation enhances modularity and simplifies the complexity of software systems.
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It is a programming language with strong abstraction from the details of the computer.
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Assembly language is low-level because it has the least amount of abstraction between the source and the resultant machine code. That is, the translation from assembly language to machine code is 1:1. All high-level languages have much higher degrees of abstraction.
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Yes, PHP is a high level programming language because it provides abstraction from the details of the computer.
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A low-level programming language is one that has little to no abstraction between the source code and the machine code produced by the language translator. Machine code has no abstraction whatsoever and is the lowest possible level of coding (machine code is the native language of the machine). Assembly language has very little abstraction because each mnemonic either maps 1:1 with a specific machine operation code (opcode), or maps to one of several opcodes that only differ by the operand types and can be implied from those operands.
Given the lack of abstraction, low-level code is machine-dependent code and is therefore non-portable. That is, code is written specifically to suit the assembler and thus the machine it was intended to execute upon. Conversely, high-level code has a high-level of abstraction and is generally portable. That is, code is written to suit the language compiler or interpreter rather than underlying hardware. High-level languages generally provide a much more convenient method of producing low-level code that is much easier for humans to read, write and maintain, largely due to the high-level of abstraction these languages provide.
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(HAL) hardware abstraction layer
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how data are stored would be in a physical layer
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Physical level: The lowest level of abstraction describes how a system actually stores data. The physical level describes complex low-level data structures in detail.
Logical level: The next higher level of abstraction describes what data the database stores, and what relationships exist among those data. The logical level thus describes an entire database in terms of a small number of relatively simple structures. Although implementation of the simple structures at the logical level may involve complex physical level structures, the user of the logical level does not need to be aware of this complexity. Database administrators, who must decide what information to keep in a database, use the logical level of abstraction.
View level: The highest level of abstraction describes only part of the entire database. Even though the logical level uses simpler structures, complexity remains because of the variety of information stored in a large database. Many users of a database system do not need all this information; instead, they need to access only a part of the database. The view level of abstraction exists to simplify their interaction with the system. The system may provide many views for the same database.
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It is meaningless. The term 'high-level language' implies a high-level of abstraction between the source code and the resultant machine code. In order for there to be a one-to-one relationship between the source code and the machine code, there must be little to no abstraction; the source language must be low-level. Assembly language is a low-level language with little to no abstraction.
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=>refers to the level of abstraction above the digital logic level, but below the operating system level.
computer organization was created by William salvatiera jr.
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We use C when we want to write low-level code with a higher level of abstraction than that provided by assembly language.
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I believe that at the right level of abstraction, it is not and in fact can be as easy as sequential programming. Note, however, that "at the right level of abstraction" should be considered with care. Pragmatically there are some problems today with taking advantage of the "easiness" of parallel programming.
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Abstraction and refinement are complementary concepts. Abstraction enables
you to specify procedure and data internally but suppress the need for "outsiders" to have knowledge of low-level details.
Refinement helps you to reveal low-level details as design progresses. Both concepts allow you to create a complete design model as the design evolves.
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The idea behind viewing a system as a set of layers of abstraction is derived from an old architectural concept called "The Layers of Abstraction Principle." It suggests organizing a system into multiple layers, each representing a different level of abstraction, to manage complexity and promote modularity. This approach makes it easier to understand and modify the system by isolating functionality into distinct layers.
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The level determines the amount of abstraction between the source code and the target language. Assembly language is low-level because there is little to no abstraction between the source code and the machine code; it is a near 1:1 translation. All other languages are high-level, however the amount of abstraction varies. The more abstract, the easier a language is to use but the farther from the machine you get. Java is at the extreme end of the high-level languages, with very little low-level functionality. This is because Java compiles to byte code suitable for interpretation by the Java virtual machine. In other words you write code to suit a non-existent machine but one that is consistent across all platforms. C is at the opposite end, with the lowest level of abstraction of all the high-level languages. C++ is higher than C but is also a subset of C so it is ideally suited for mixing high and low level programming such that you will rarely need anything lower than C++.
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The level of a language is an indication of how abstract it is compared to the machine code it produces. The higher the level, the further it is from the machine and thus the more abstract it is. Assembly language has a near 1:1 translation to machine code with very little in the way of abstraction, thus it is a low-level language.
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Literature is by no means only dependent on feelings and not facts. Literature incorporates feelings and facts. It is an abstraction of reality; that is, literature represents the world through a lens. What separates different types of literature is the level of abstraction present in the lens.
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AN INDIVIDUAL WHO TURNS ABSTRACTION INTO MALFUNCTION... AN INDIVIDUAL WHO TURNS ABSTRACTION INTO MALFUNCTION...
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abstraction is show nonessential data to user ,
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No, abstraction is mainly an invention of 20th century artists.
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three levels of data abstraction are:
1. Physical level : how the data is stored physically and where it is stored in
database.
2. Logical level : what information or data is stored in the database (like what is the
datatype or what is format of data.
3.View level : end users work on view level. if any amendment is made it can be
saved by other name.
for the database to be usable it must retrieve data efficently.this efficency led designer to use complex data structure in the database
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Byzantine artists were the first Western artists to develop the use of abstraction.
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In system analysis and design, the level of abstraction refers to the degree to which complex systems are simplified or generalized to focus on specific aspects while ignoring others. Higher levels of abstraction provide a broader view, emphasizing overarching concepts and relationships, while lower levels delve into finer details and specifics. This approach helps stakeholders understand system functionalities and interactions without getting bogged down by technical intricacies. Balancing these levels is crucial for effective communication and project success.
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Assembler language is a computer programming language. It is a symbolic language used to enter machine code instructions using easy-to-remember mnemonics. It is a low-level language because there is little in the way of abstraction between the source code and the resultant machine code. All other languages are known as high-level languages due to their high-level of abstraction.
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No. Both C and C++ are low- to mid-level languages while MATLAB is a high-level language. The level determines the amount of abstraction involved, and the higher the amount of abstraction, the easier a language is to use. Knowledge of another language is never a bad thing though. The more languages you are familiar with, the more easily you can determine which language is best suited to a particular solution.
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No. Binary executables are low-level and procedural while C++ source code is high-level and structured. Low-level means there is little or no abstraction between the source code and the machine code (since binary executables are machine code there is no abstraction whatsoever). High-level means there is a high level of abstraction. At best you can disassemble the machine code to produce low-level disassembly which will approximate the original assembly instructions, but without any comments and user-defined names, which must be manually reproduced. Even so, assembly is low-level and there's simply no way to reproduce a high-level language from a low-level source.
Note that although it is possible to produce C++ instructions from low-level assembly, the C++ source will bear no relation whatsoever to the original C++ source code, because you'd simply be translating the procedural code into the equivalent C++ procedural code. In other words, the result would be spaghetti code built entirely from primitive data types (with no object classes or other user-defined types), and no function calls whatsoever (the main function will be the only function). All abstraction is completely stripped out during compilation, and there's simply no way to reproduce even an approximation of that abstraction once a program is compiled and linked.
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Memory abstraction would involve separating certain memories, or pieces of them from something else.
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Abstraction means that all information exist but only the relevent information is provided to the user.
Encapsulation assists abstraction by providing a mean of suppressing the non-essential details.
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They use the instruction set of the CPU directly and hence the lowest level you can work with. Other languages are compiled into the lowest level eventually, but are developed at a higher level of abstraction. Most of the time the higher level programs are portable to other CPUs (Intel versus AMD for example).
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Data abstraction is the reduction of a body of data to a simplified representation of the whole. Data abstraction is usually the first step in database design in order to create a simplified framework that can be added to in order to complete the database.
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The word part macro- means large or long. It is often used to indicate something on a large scale or at a high level of abstraction.
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The cast of Abstraction - 2014 includes: Wirdawari Nurdin as Elaine Leonard Teo as Bryan
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High, low and middle refers to the amount of abstraction within the programming language. Computers only understand their own native code, what we call machine-level code, or simply machine code. Writing machine code is extremely difficult because it is written entirely in binary. To make things easier, programmers use programming languages which the computer can easily convert into its own native machine code simply by programming it to perform the conversion for us. These programs are known as assemblers, compilers or interpreters depending on how the conversion is performed.
Low-level languages have very little abstraction and use assemblers to perform the translation. Thus all assembly languages are considered low-level languages. They are also known as second generation languages, where machine code is the first generation language.
All other languages are third generation languages. Although there have been attempts to re-classify some of the third-generation languages with higher generations (fourth, fifth, etc), these terms have no actual meaning and have never been standardised.
All third-generation languages (and above) are known as the high-level languages. These usually have an extremely high degree of abstraction, such that the code you write bears little resemblance to the machine code.
Middle-level languages are really just high-level languages that have a lower level of abstraction than most other high-level languages. If you were to list all high-level programming languages in descending order of abstraction, middle-level languages would be at or near the bottom of the list. C and C++ are typical examples. Generally, a middle-level language is a high-level language where there is very rarely the need to use a more low-level language. Both C and C++ fall into this category.
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- Abstraction: One point of confusion regarding abstraction is its use as both process and an entity. Abstraction, as a process, denotes the extracting of the essential details about an item, or a group of items, while ignoring the inessential details. Abstraction, as an entity, denotes a model, a view, or some other focused representation for an actual item.
- Information Hiding: Its interface or definition was chosen to reveal as little as possible about its inner workings."
- Why confusing: Abstraction can be used as a technique for idenfying which information should be hidden. Confusion can occur when people fail to distinguish between the hiding information, and a technique(e.g., abstraction) that is used to help identify which information is to be hidden.
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Abstraction - 2012 was released on:
USA: 25 April 2013 (Newport Beach International Film Festival)
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The three levels of data abstraction in a DBMS are physical, logical, and view.
- Physical level: Describes how data is stored in the database, including details like data storage and access paths.
- Logical level: Focuses on the structure of the data in the database, including schemas, tables, and relationships.
- View level: Represents how users view the data, providing a customized and simplified representation of the data to different user groups.
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Abstraction of a proton refers to the removal of a proton from a molecule. This can occur during chemical reactions or in the presence of a strong base. The process of proton abstraction can lead to the formation of new chemical species with different properties.
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