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keel1

  (kēl) pronunciation
n.
  1. Nautical.
    1. The principal structural member of a ship, running lengthwise along the center line from bow to stern, to which the frames are attached.
    2. A ship.
  2. A structure, such as the breastbone of a bird, that resembles a ship's keel in function or shape.
  3. The principal structural member of an aircraft, resembling a ship's keel in shape and function.
  4. A pair of united petals in certain flowers, as those of the pea.
intr. & tr.v. Nautical., keeled, keel·ing, keels.

To capsize or cause to capsize.

phrasal verb:

keel over

  1. To collapse or fall into or as if into a faint.

[Middle English kele, from Old Norse kjölr.]


keel2 (kēl) pronunciation
n.
  1. Nautical.
    1. A freight barge, especially one for carrying coal on the Tyne River in England.
    2. The load capacity of this barge.
  2. A British unit of weight formerly used for coal, equal to about 21.2 long tons.

[Middle English kele, from Middle Dutch kiel.]


keel3 (kēl) pronunciation
tr.v. Chiefly British., keeled, keel·ing, keels.

To make cool.

[Middle English kelen, from Old English cēlan, to cool.]


 
 
Idioms: keel

Idioms beginning with keel:
keel over

In addition to the idiom beginning with keel, also see on an even keel.

 
US Military Dictionary: keel

n. 1. the longitudinal structure along the centerline at the bottom of a vessel’s hull, on which the rest of the hull is built, in some vessels extended downward as a blade or ridge to increase stability.

v. (keel over)

(of a boat or ship) turn over on its side; capsize.

keeled adj. keelless adj. a deep-keeled yacht.

See the Introduction, Abbreviations and Pronunciation for further details.

 
Architecture: keel

An appendage of a molding, usually a fillet, on the furthest projection of a molding.

 
Veterinary Dictionary: keel

1. the ventrally directed large surface of the bird's sternum, the site of attachment of the major muscles of flight. Called also carina.
2. the prominent area over the sternum in Dachshunds.

 
Gardener's Dictionary: keel

A sharp ridge or rib on the underside of a petal, leaf, or other plant part.

 
Word Tutor: keel
pronunciation

IN BRIEF: The principal structural member of a ship, running lengthwise along the center line from bow to stern, to which the frames are attached.

pronunciation ...till his sail-yards tremble, his masts crack, And his ship run on her side so low That she drinks water, and her keel plows air. — George Chapman (1560-1634), English dramatist, translator, poet, from The Conspiracy of Charles, Duke of Byron, 1608.

 
Wikipedia: keel
The keel of a Nordic longboat in Roskilde with the first garboard strakes being assembled.
Enlarge
The keel of a Nordic longboat in Roskilde with the first garboard strakes being assembled.

In boats and ships, keel can refer to either of two parts: a structural element, or a hydrodynamic element. These parts overlap.

Structural keels

A structural keel is a large beam which the hull of a ship is built around. The keel runs in the middle of the ship, from the bow to the stern, and serves as the foundation or spine of the structure, providing the major source of structural strength of the hull. The keel is generally the first part of a ship's hull to be constructed, and laying the keel, or placing the keel in the cradle in which the ship will be built, is often a momentous event in a ship's construction--so much so that the event is often marked with a ceremony, and the term lay the keel has entered the language as a phrase meaning the beginning of any significant undertaking.

The keel contributes substantially to the longitudinal strength and effectively local loading caused when docking the ship. The most common type of keel is the 'flat plate keel', and this is fitted in the majority of ocean-going ship and other vessels. A form of keel found on smaller vessels is the bar keel. The bar keel may be fitted in trawlers, tugs,etc.. and this is also found in smaller ferries.

Where grounding is possible, this type of keel is suitable with its massive scantlings, but there is always a problem of the increased draft with no additional cargo capacity. If a double bottom is fitted the keel is almost inevitably of the flat plate type, bar keels often being associated with open floors, where the plate keel may also be fitted.

Duct keels are provided in the bottom of some vessels. These run from the forward engine room bulkhead to the collision bulkhead and are utilized to carry the double bottom piping. The piping is then accessible when cargo is loaded.

Hydrodynamic keels

Non-sailing keels

The keel surface on the bottom of the hull gives the ship greater directional control and stability. In non sailing hulls, the keel helps the hull to move forward, rather than slipping to the side. In traditional boat building, this is provided by the structural keel, which projects from the bottom of the hull along most or all of its length. In modern construction the bar keel or flat-plate keel perform the same function.

Sailboat Keels

Sailing yacht with a fin keel
Enlarge
Sailing yacht with a fin keel

In sailboats, keels use the forward motion of the boat to generate lift to counter the lateral force from the sails. Sailboats have much larger keels than non sailing hulls. Keels are different from centerboards and other types of foils in that keels are made of heavy materials to provide ballast to stabilize the boat. Keels may be fixed, or non-movable, or they may retract to allow sailing in shallower waters. Retracting keels may pivot (a swing keel) or slide upwards to retract, and are usually retracted with a winch due to the ballast. Since the keel provides far more stability when lowered than when retracted (due to the greater moment arm involved) the amount of sail carried is generally reduced when sailing with the keel retracted.

There are several types of fixed keels including: full keels, fin keels, winged keels, bulb keels, and twin keels or bilge keels among other designs.

Types of non-fixed keels include swing keels and canting keels. Canting keels can be found on racing yachts such as those competing in the Volvo Ocean Race. They provide much more righting moment for a lot less weight, as the keel moves out to the windward-side of the boat. The perpendicular distance from weight to pivot is increased, therefore a larger righting moment is produced.

Etymology

The word "keel" comes from Anglo-Saxon cēol, Old Norse kjóll, = "ship" or "keel". It has the distinction of being the very first written word in the English language, having been recorded by Gildas in his 6th century Latin work De Excidio Britanniae, under the spelling cyulae (he was referring to the three ships that the Saxons first arrived in).

Carina is the Latin word for "keel" and is the origin of the term careen (to clean a keel and the hull in general, often by rolling the ship on its side). An example of this use is Careening Cove, a suburb of Sydney, Australia, where careening was carried out in early colonial days.

See also

Parts of a sailing ship
Anchor  · Anchor windlass  · Beakhead  · Bilgeboard  · Boom brake  · Bow  · Capstan  · Centreboard  · Daggerboard  · Deck  · Figurehead  · Forecastle  · Gunwale  · Hull  · Jackline  · Keel  · Keel (Canting)  · Leeboard  · Mast  · Orlop deck  · Poop deck  · Quarter gallery  · Rudder  · Steering wheel  · Skeg  · Stern  · Tiller  · Winch

This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)

 
Translations: Translations for: Keel

Dansk (Danish)
1.
n. - køl
v. intr. - kæntre, kuldsejle
v. tr. - forsyne med køl, vende kølen i vejret

idioms:

  • keel over    vende kølen i vejret, vende bunden i vejret, dratte om

2.
n. - kulpram

3.
v. tr. - afkøle

Nederlands (Dutch)
kiel, kam langs borstbeen van vogel, (kolen)schuit met platte bodem, schip, omslaan/ -vallen, kielen, (laten) kantelen

Français (French)
1.
n. - (Naut) quille, (Bot) carène
v. intr. - (Naut) chavirer, (fig) tomber dans les pommes
v. tr. - (Naut) faire chavirer, mettre un navire en carène

idioms:

  • keel over    (Naut) chavirer, (fig) tomber dans les pommes, tourner de l'¯il

2.
n. - (GB) péniche (pour le transport du charbon), chargement de charbon (transportable sur cette péniche), (GB, Mes) unité de poids autrefois utilisée pour le charbon

3.
v. tr. - (GB, dial) refroidir de la soupe (en remuant), (Sport) bien observer pour anticiper sur le jeu de l'attaquant (football), être obsédé par

Deutsch (German)
1.
n. - Kiel, Schiff, flaches Kohlenschiff, Ladung Kohlen
v. - umkippen, kentern, kielobenlegen, kielobenliegen

idioms:

  • keel over    (naut) kentern, umkippen

2.
v. - kühlen, am Überkochen hindern, (fig) beruhigen

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - (ναυτ.) τρόπιδα, καρίνα
v. - μπατάρω, αναποδογυρίζω

idioms:

  • keel over    μπατάρω

Italiano (Italian)
chiglia

idioms:

  • keel over    capovolgere

Português (Portuguese)
n. - quilha (f) (Náut.), chata (f) para transportar carvão, medida (f) de peso para carvão

idioms:

  • keel over    emborcar, desmaiar, cair para o lado, virar

Русский (Russian)
переворачивать килем вверх, охлаждать, киль, корабль красная охра

idioms:

  • keel over    опрокидываться, споткнуться и упасть

Español (Spanish)
1.
n. - quilla, barco, chalana, carina
v. intr. - zozobrar, voltear, volcar, volcarse
v. tr. - voltear

idioms:

  • keel over    zozobrar, volcar, volcarse

2.
n. - lápiz de color bermejo con el que se marca a las ovejas, a las maderas etc

3.
v. tr. - enfriar, refrescar, enfriar un líquido revolviendo

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - kolpråm, köl
v. - välta

中文（简体） (Chinese (Simplified))
1. 龙骨, 龙骨瓣, 龙骨脊, 舟, 翻身, 倾覆, 给装龙骨, 使倾覆, 把翻转

idioms:

  • keel over    倾覆, 翻身

2. 平底船

3. 使冷却

中文（繁體） (Chinese (Traditional))
1.
n. - 龍骨, 龍骨瓣, 龍骨脊, 舟
v. intr. - 翻身, 傾覆
v. tr. - 給裝龍骨, 使傾覆, 把翻轉

idioms:

  • keel over    傾覆, 翻身

2.
v. tr. - 使冷卻

3.
n. - 平底船

한국어 (Korean)
1.
n. - 용골 , 아래가 평평한 배
v. intr. - 전복하다, 기절하다
v. tr. - 전복시키다, 용골을 갖추다

idioms:

  • keel over    전복시키다, 졸도하다

2.
n. - 전복

3.
v. tr. - 뒤집다

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - キール, 竜骨

idioms:

  • keel over    転覆する, 倒れる, 卒倒する, 気絶する

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) وحدة وزن بريطانيه للفحم, سفينه مسطحه القعر (فعل) يقع مغشيا عليه, يبرد, يقلب‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮שדרית, קרין - מבנה עץ או מתכת לאורך הצד התחתון של ספינה או מטוס, בליטה לאורך עצם-החזה של ציפורים, סירה - חלק הפרח בקטניות, אוניה (ספרותית)‬
v. intr. - ‮נטתה על צדה (ספינה)‬
v. tr. - ‮היטה (ספינה) על צדה, הוריד אל מתחת לשדרית (כעונש)‬
n. - ‮סירה שטוחת תחתית, בייחוד להובלת פחם בצפון אנגליה, כמות הפחם שנישאה על סירה כזו‬
v. tr. - ‮קירר (ניב בריטי)‬

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American Sign Language
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Copyrights:

Dictionary. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2007. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.  Read more
Idioms. The American Heritage® Dictionary of Idioms by Christine Ammer. Copyright © 1997 by The Christine Ammer 1992 Trust. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.  Read more
US Military Dictionary. The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military. Copyright © 2001, 2002 by Oxford University Press, Inc. All rights reserved.  Read more
Architecture. McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Architecture and Construction. Copyright © 2003 by McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.  Read more
Veterinary Dictionary. Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary 3rd Edition. Copyright © 2007 by D.C. Blood, V.P. Studdert and C.C. Gay, Elsevier. All rights reserved.  Read more
Gardener's Dictionary. Taylor's Dictionary for Gardeners, by Frances Tenenbaum. Copyright © 1997 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.  Read more
Word Tutor. Copyright © 2004-present by eSpindle Learning, a 501(c) nonprofit organization. All rights reserved.
eSpindle provides personalized spelling and vocabulary tutoring online; free trial.  Read more
Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Keel".  Read more
Translations. Copyright © 2007, WizCom Technologies Ltd. All rights reserved.  Read more

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