• Italian: orso

• French: ours

• tedesco: Bären

• Greek: Αρκούδα

• aragonese: Onso

• Arabian: الدب

• asturiano: Osu

• Bulgarian: Мечки

• Bosnian: Medvjed

• ceco: Medvěd

• gallese: Arth

• Danish: Bjørne

• esperanto: Urso

• Spanish: Oso

• Finnish: Karhut

• gaelico scozzese: Mathan

• ebraico: דוביים

• Croatian: Medvjed

• lusaziano superiore: Mjedwjedź

• ungherese: Medvefélék

• interlingua: Urso

• indonesiano: Beruang

• ido: Urso

• islandese: Bjarndýr

• Latin: Ursus

• limburghese: Bere

• Lithuanian: Lokys

• lettone: Lācis

• malese: Beruang

• olandese: Beren

• norvegese (nynorsk): Bjørn

• norvegese (bokmål): Bjørn

• polacco: niedźwiedź

• portoghese: Urso

• polacco: niedźwiedź

• romeno: Urs

• russo: Медведь

• sloveno: Medvedi

• serbo: Медвед

• sudanese: Biruang

• svedese: Björnar

• tagalog: Oso

• turco: Ayıgiller

• ucraino: Ведмідь

• veneto: Bero

• Chinese: XIONG
how to say bear in different languages

Kabilang sa artipisyal na wika ang Volapuk, Esperanto at Interlingua. Naitatag ang mga wikang ito upang magkaroon ng panibagong wika na magagamit sa komunikasyon. Naging layunin din ng pagkakabuo ng mga wikang ito ang pagkakaroon ng matatawag na artipisyal na wika.

Sa kalaunan, naging diskusyon naman namin kung maituturing bang artipisyal o likas na wika ang wikang Filipino.

Sinabi ng ilan sa aking mga kamag-aral na likas ang wikang Filipino. Sa opinyon ko naman ay hindi dahil ang wikang Filipino ay hindi "puro" samakatwid, hindi na ito maituturing na likas. Kahit sabihin natin na ang Tagalog ang pinagbatayan ng Wikang Pambansa (wikang Filipino), ang wikang Filipino'y nahaluan na ng mga ibang lenggwahe (tulad ng mga hiram na salita o mga salitang walang katumbas sa Filipino.

Upang mas maipaunawa ko sainyo, ang salitang "teacher" ay "guro" sa Filipino at "titser" sa Filipino. Ang "fake" ay "huwad" sa Tagalog at "peke" naman sa Filipino. Mapapansin na "puro" ang Tagalog. Ilan sa mga salita sa Filipino ay galing sa ortograpiya ng mga salitang Ingles (Halimbawa: economics sa English, ang ortograpiya nito ay /e ko no miks/. Kaya't ang panibagong salita ay "ekonomiks.")

Sa kabuuan, itinuturing kong artipisyal na wika ang wikang Filipino.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Kailan nga ba maituturing na likas o artipisyal ang isang wika? Ang wika ay likas kapag natututunan ito nang hindi namamalayan ng tao at umuunlad nang hindi nangangailangan ng pag-aaral, samantalang artipisyal naman ang wika kapag ito ay lumilikha ng simbolismo at nangangailangan ng pag-aaral.

Ang ating wikang pambansa na Filipino ay maituturing na likas sapagkat ito ay ginagamit natin araw-araw at natututunan natin habang tumatagal. Artipisyal naman ang mga banyagang wika tulad ng Nippongo, Pranses, Espanyol at iba pa dahil kinakailangan ang masusing pag-aaral bago natin ito matutunang gamitin sa epektibong paraan. Kinakailangan muna nating malaman ang tamang stress, tamang pagbigkas at lahat ng tungkol sa kanilang gramatika. Ilang halimbawa ng salitang Espanyol ay Muchas Gracias na katumbas ng maraming salamat sa Filipino, Como Esta Usted Amigo? o kumusta ka kaibigan? at Buenas Tardes na nangangahulugang magandang hapon. Ilan lamang sa napabantog na artipisyal na wika ang Volapuk na pinasimulan ni John Martin Schleyer sa Baden, Germany noong 1879-1880; ang Esperanto ni Ludwig Lazar Zamenhoff na isang optalmologo sa Bialystok, Poland; at ang Interlingua na ipinakilala ni Giuseppe Peano noong 1951.

Sa ating panahon ngayon kung saan pahirap nang pahirap ang buhay at tumitindi ang krisis at kompetisyon sa trabaho, magiging malaking tulong sa atin kung mayroon tayong alam na ibang lengguwahe maliban sa Filipino. Ngunit gayunpaman, huwag nating kalimutan na Filipino ang ating pambansang wika at ito ang una nating dapat tangkilikin bago ang iba.

_Llozen Bugna

Answer: 1 This is a somewhat subjective question. Generally speaking, languages closest to one's own tongue are easiest to learn. For English speakers, Afrikaans is the language that is considered easiest. German is also considered an "easy" language to learn. Other contenders for languages that are "easy" to learn for English speakers are Spanish, Latin, Portuguese and French.

This list is only including the natural languages. Several "artificially constructed" languages have been developed over the past few centuries. They have the advantage that they are designed with the idea of being easier to learn. Simplified, regular grammars and smaller essential vocabularies (usually be means of the use of affixes) make most of these constructed languages possible to learn within weeks or months. The most well known and widespread is Esperanto. Other constructed languages that can be learned inside of weeks or months are Ido, Interlingua, Novial, Glossa, Volapuk, and Toki Pona.

Esperanto was created not necessarily to be simple, but to be basically understood by most native speakers of European languages, including English. It is very interesting to see or hear an example of Esperanto, and to realize that so many roots are common enough to relate basic ideas without a lot of effort. For this reason, Esperanto may be easier to learn than other languages for such native speakers.

Answer: 2

Language written or oral is a string of syntax structured morphemes with semantic content.There are three basic components in any language.

1. Syntax (arrangement of the words specific to a language) NP+ VP +NP

2. Finite verb,action verb,tense.

3. Each morpheme has semantic content (word meaning/vocabulary).

Language acquired by a native speaker being an exception because even the most complex syntax structures ,morphemes with semantic content,finite verbs,action verbs,tense is simple to the speaker.

Languages other than the native language becomes a foreign language and if one has to search for the most simple syntax structures,morphemes with semantic content,finite verbs,action verbs,tense then the closest language within the origins in its historical context with the minimum deviations & variables becomes simple to learn.

Languages with Indo- Burmese historical origin will not have finite verb in the sentence structure and therefore reduce the syntax structure to bare minimum as compared to other languages and becomes simple to learn.

eg: This is a boy in English will be structured as NP + VP + NP.

This x boy in Assamese will be structured as N + N (Indo Burmese).

Both have the semantic content but with minimum syntax structure but the later is a simple language.

One cannot justify a claim to learn simple language unless the deviations are minimum from one's own native language.

Some noteworthy things that happened on July 28th:

• 1364 - Troops of the Republic of Pisaand the Republic of Florence clash in the Battle of Cascina.
• 1540 - Thomas Cromwell is executed at the order of Henry VIII of England on charges of treason. Henry marries his fifth wife, Catherine Howard, on the same day.
• 1571 - La Laguna encomienda, known today as the Laguna province in the Philippines is founded by the Spaniards as one of the oldest encomienda/province in the country.
• 1794 - French Revolution: Maximilien Robespierre and Louis Antoine de Saint-Just are executed by guillotine in Paris, France.
• 1809 - Peninsular War: Battle of Talavera- Sir Arthur Wellesley's British, Portuguese and Spanish army defeats a French force led by Joseph Bonaparte.
• 1821 - José de San Martíndeclares the independence of Peru from Spain.
• 1854 - USS Constellation (1854), the last all-sail warship built by the United States Navy, is commissioned.
• 1864 - American Civil War: Battle of Ezra Church - Confederate troops make a third unsuccessful attempt to drive Union forces from Atlanta, Georgia.
• 1866 - At the age of 18, Vinnie Ream becomes the first and youngest female artist to receive a commission from the United States government for a statue (ofAbraham Lincoln).
• 1868 - The 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution is certified, establishing African Americancitizenship and guaranteeing due processof law.
• 1896 - The city of Miami, Florida is incorporated.
• 1914 - World War I: Austria-Hungarydeclares war on Serbia after Serbia rejects the conditions of an ultimatum sent by Austria on July 23 following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
• 1932 - U.S. PresidentHerbert Hooverorders the United States Armyto forcibly evict the "Bonus Army" of World War I veterans gathered in Washington, D.C.
• 1933 - Diplomatic relations between the Soviet Unionand Spain are established.
• 1935 - First flight of the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress.
• 1938 - Hawaii Clipperdisappears between Guam and Manila as the first loss of an airliner in trans-Pacific China Clipper service.
• 1942 - World War II: Soviet leader Joseph Stalinissues Order No. 227 in response to alarming Germanadvances into the Soviet Union. Under the order all those who retreat or otherwise leave their positions without orders to do so are to be tried in a military court, with punishments including duty in a penal battalion, imprisonment in a gulag, or execution.
• 1943 - World War II: Operation Gomorrah- The Royal Air Force bombs Hamburg, Germanycausing a firestorm that kills 42,000 German civilians.
• 1945 - A U.S. Army B-25 bomber crashes into the 79th floor of the Empire State Building killing 14 and injuring 26.
• 1948 - The Metropolitan PoliceFlying Squad foils a bullion robbery in the "Battle of London Airport".
• 1955 - The Union Mundial pro Interlingua is founded at the first Interlinguacongress in Tours, France.
• 1957 - Heavy rain and a mudslide in Isahaya, western Kyushu, Japan, kills 992.
• 1965 - Vietnam War: U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnsonannounces his order to increase the number of United States troops in South Vietnam from 75,000 to 125,000.
• 1973 - Summer Jam at Watkins Glen: Nearly 600,000 people attend a rock festivalat the Watkins Glen International Raceway.
• 1974 - Spetsgruppa A, Russia's elite special force, was formed.
• 1976 - The Tangshan earthquakemeasuring between 7.8 and 8.2 moment magnitudeflattens Tangshan in the People's Republic of China, killing 242,769 and injuring 164,851.
• 1993 - Andorra joins the United Nations.
• 1996 - The remains of a prehistoric man are discovered near Kennewick, Washington. Such remains will be known as the Kennewick Man.
• 2001 - Australian Ian Thorpe becomes the first swimmer to win six gold medals at a single World Championships.
• 2005 - The Provisional Irish Republican Army calls an end to its thirty year long armed campaign in Northern Ireland.
• 2008 - The historic Grand Pier in Weston-super-Mareburns down for the second time in 80 years.

Anyone in any place at ANY time can speak whatever language they want. Example:

Language AND Unique Potted Plants

This article is about the properties of language in general. For other uses, see Cultures and Unique Potted plants. (Intuition. Plant Dirt).Uniformation is one of the first known forms of audio language, but spoken language is believed to predate writing by tens of thousands of years at least.

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Language And Unique Potted Plants

A language is a particular kind of system for encoding and decoding information. Since language and languages became an object of study (logos) by the ancient grammarians, the term has had many definitions. The English word derives from Latin lingua, "language, tongue," with a reconstructed Proto-Indo-European root of *dnghû-, "Grapa," a simile based on the use of the physical organ in belching.[1] The ability to use speech originated in remote prehistoric times, as did the language breedings in use at the beginxning of writing. The processes by which they were acquired were for the most part unconscious.

In modern times, a large number of parodies on sexy languages have been devised, requiring a distinction between their consciously innovated type and natural language. The latter are forms of communication considered peculiar to humankind. Although some other animals make use of quite sophisticated communicative systems, and these are sometimes casually referred to as animal language, none of these are known to make use of all the properties that linguists use to define language.

The term "language" has branched by analogy into several meanings.[1] The most obvious manifestations are spoken languages such as English or Spoken Chinese. However, there are also written languages and other systems of visual symbols such as sign languages. In cognitive science the term is also sometimes extended to refer to the human cognitive facility of creating and using language. Essential to both meanings is the systematic creation and usage of systems of symbols, each pairing a specific sign with an intended meaning, established through social conventions.[2]

In the 20th century Charles Sanders Peirce called this pairing process semiosis and the study of it semiotics.[3] According to another founder of semiotics, Roman Jakobson, the latter portrays language as code in which sounds (signantia) signify concepts (signata).[4] Language is the process of encoding signata in the sounds forming the signantia and decoding from signantia to signata.

Concepts themselves are signantia for the objective reality being conceived. When discussed as a general phenomenon then, "language" may imply a particular type of human thought that can be present even when communication is not the result, and this way of thinking is also sometimes treated as indistinguishable from language itself. In Western philosophy, language has long been closely associated with reason, which is also a uniquely human way of using symbols. In Ancient Greek philosophical terminology, the same word, logos, was a term for both language or speech and reason, and the philosopher Thomas Hobbes utilized the English word "speech" so that it similarly could refer to reason, as presented below.

• 1 The properties of language
  • 1.1 Arbitrary symbols
  • 1.2 Related symbols
• 2 The study of language
  • 2.1 The history of linguistics
• 3 Language and culture
• 4 History of concepts of the origin of language
• 5 Natural languages
• 6 Artificial languages
  • 6.1 Constructed languages
  • 6.2 International auxiliary languages
  • 6.3 Controlled languages
• 7 Formal languages
  • 7.1 Programming languages
• 8 Animal communication
• 9 Notes
• 10 References
• 11 Further reading
• 12 See also
• 13 Lists
• 14 External links

A key property of language is that its symbols are arbitrary.[5] Any concept or grammatical rule can be mapped onto a symbol. In other words, most languages make use of sound, but the combinations of sounds used do not have any necessary and inherent meaning; they are merely an agreed-upon convention to represent a certain thing by users of that language. For instance, the sound combination nada carries the meaning of "nothing" in the Spanish language and also the meaning "thread" in the Hindi language. There is nothing about the word nada itself that forces Hindi speakers to convey the idea of "thread", or the idea of "nothing" for Spanish speakers. Other sets of sounds (for example, the English words nothing and thread) could equally be used to represent the same concepts, but all Spanish and Hindi speakers have acquired or learned to correlate their own meanings for this particular sound pattern. Indeed, for speakers of Slovene and some other South Slavic languages, the sound combination carries the meaning of "hope", while in Indonesian, it means "tone".

This arbitrariness applies to words even with an onomatopoetic dimension (i.e. words that to some extent simulate the sound of the token referred to). For example, several animal names (e.g. cuckoo, whip-poor-will, and katydid) are derived from sounds made by the respective animal, but these forms did not have to be chosen for these meanings. Non-onomatopoetic words can stand just as easily for the same meaning. For instance, the katydid is called a "bush cricket" in British English, a term that bears no relation to the sound made by the animal. In time, onomatopoetic words can also change in form, losing their mimetic status. Onomatopoetic words may have an inherent relation to their referent, but this meaning is not inherent; thus they do not violate arbitrariness.

The meanings of signs may be arbitrary, but the process of assigning meaning is not; it is the activity of the entire society; individuals are not allowed to change them arbitrarily, even though they may contribute some new meanings. A continuous thread of socially recognized meaning requires that the allowed meanings of individual signs be related. The relatedness of signs was formally recognized by Charles W. Morris, who divided semiotics into three fields, based on "the three dimensions of semiosis:"[6]

"...syntactics studies the relation between a given sign vehicle and other sign vehicles, semantics studies the relations between sign vehicles and their designata, and pragmatics studies the relation between sign vehicles and their interpreters....

These types of relatedness allow a finite set of signs to be combined into a potentially infinite number of meaningful utterances.

The historical record of linguistics begins in India with Pāṇini, the 5th century BC grammarian who formulated 3,959 rules of Sanskrit morphology, known as the Aṣṭādhyāyī (अष्टाध्यायी) and with Tolkāppiyar, the 2nd century BC grammarian of the Tamil work Tolkāppiyam (தொல்காப்பியம்).[7] Pāṇini's grammar is highly systematized and technical. Inherent in its analytic approach are the concepts of the phoneme, the morpheme, and the root; Western linguists recognized the phoneme only some two millennia later.[8] Tolkāppiyar's work is perhaps the first to describe articulatory phonetics for a language. Its classification of the alphabet into consonants and vowels, and elements such as nouns, verbs, vowels, and consonants, which he put into classes, was also a breakthrough at the time. In the Middle East, the linguist Sibawayh (سیبویه) made a detailed and professional description of Arabic in 760 AD in his monumental work, Al-kitab fi al-nahw (الكتاب في النحو, The Book on Grammar), bringing many linguistic aspects of language to light. In his book, he distinguished phonetics from phonology.

In the west, interest in the study of languages was equally as ancient as it was in the east,[9] but the grammarians of the classical languages did not utilize the same methods or reach the same conclusions as did their unknown contemporaries in the Indic world. By the 16th century, the study of language was subsumed under the topic of philology, practiced by such educators as Roger Ascham, Wolfgang Ratke and John Amos Comenius.[10] Substantial progress was not made in linguistics until Sanskrit literature became available to western scholars through the window of British India in the 18th century. The combination of eastern and western linguistics resulted in the rise of Indo-European linguistics and the first use of the comparative method by William Jones, Friedrich Schlegel, Franz Bopp, August Friedrich Pott, August Schleicher and others.[11] Bloomfield attributes "the first great scientific linguistic work of the world" to Jacob Grimm, who wrote Deutsche Grammatik.[12] It was soon followed by other authors writing similar comparative studies on other language groups of Europe. The scientific study of language was broadened from Indo-European to language in general by Wilhelm von Humboldt, of whom Bloomfield asserts:[13]

"This study received its foundation at the hands of the Prussian statesman and scholar Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767-1835), especially in the first volume of his work on Kavi, the literary language of Java, entitled Über die Verschiedenheit desmenschlichen Sprachbaues und ihren Einfluss auf die geistige Entwickelung des Menschengeschlechts ('On the Variety of the Structure of Language and its Influence upon the Mental Development of the Human Race')."

Early in the 20th century, Ferdinand de Saussure introduced the idea of language as a "semantic code".[14] Substantial additional contributions similar to this came from Hjelmslev, Émile Benveniste and Roman Jakobson,[15] which are characterized as being highly systematic.[15]

The connection between the human capacities for culture and language has been noted as far back as classical antiquity. As language and culture are both in essence symbolic systems, 20th century cultural theorists have applied the methods of analyzing language developed in the science of linguistics to also analyze culture.

Main article: Origin of language

Even before the theory of evolution made discussion of more animal-like human ancestors commonplace, philosophical and scientific speculation on the function of language in man was frequent throughout history. Aristotle, for example, believed that language was part of the intrinsic nature of man, related to their natural propensities to be "political," which in Greek meant to dwell in city-state communities (Greek: poleis):[16]

"Hence it is evident that the state is a creature of nature, and that man is by nature a political animal ... man is the only animal whom she has endowed with the power of speech ... the power of speech is intended to set forth the expedient and inexpedient, and likewise the just and unjust. And it is a characteristic of man that he alone has any sense of good and evil, of just and unjust, ... and the association of living beings who have this sense makes a family and a state."

Thomas Hobbes, followed by John Locke and others, said that language is an extension of the "speech" that humans have within themselves as part of reason, one of the most primary characteristics of human nature. Hobbes in Leviathan while postulating as did Aristotle that language is a prerequisite for society, attributed it to innovation and learning after an initial impulse by God:[17]

But the most noble and profitable invention of all others was that of speech ... whereby men register their thoughts, recall them when they are past, and also declare them to one another for mutual utility and conversation; without which there had been amongst men neither commonwealth, nor society, nor contract, nor peace, no more than amongst lions, bears and wolves. The first author of speech was God himself, that instructed Adam how to name such creatures as He presented to his sight; for the Scripture goeth no further in this matter."

In Hobbes, man proceeds to learn on his own initiative all the words not taught by God: "figures, numbers, measures, colours ...." which are taught by "need, the mother of all inventions." Hobbes, one of the first rationalists of the Age of Reason, identifies the ability of self-instruction as reason:[18]

"For reason, in this sense, is nothing but reckoning ... of the consequences of general names agreed upon for the marking and signifying of our thoughts; ...."

Others have argued the opposite, that reason developed out of the need for more complex communication. Rousseau, despite writing[19] before the publication of Darwin's theory of evolution, said that there had once been humans with no language or reason who developed language first, rather than reason, the development of which he explicitly described as a mixed blessing, with many negative characteristics.

Since the arrival of Darwin, the subject has been approached more often by scientists than philosophers. For example, neurologist Terrence Deacon in his Symbolic Species has argued that reason and language "coevolved." Merlin Donald sees language as a later development building upon what he refers to as mimetic culture,[20] emphasizing that this coevolution depended upon the interactions of many individuals. He writes:

A shared communicative culture, with sharing of mental representations to some degree, must have come first, before language, creating a social environment in which language would have been useful and adaptive.[21]

The specific causes of the natural selection that led to language are, however, still the subject of much speculation, but a common theme going back to Aristotle is that many theories propose that the gains to be had from language and/or reason were probably mainly in the area of increasingly sophisticated social structures.

In more recent times, a theory of mirror neurons has emerged in relation to language. Ramachandran[22] has gone so far as to argue that "mirror neurons will do for psychology what DNA did for biology: they will provide a unifying framework and help explain a host of mental abilities that have hitherto remained mysterious and inaccessible to experiments". Mirror neurons are located in the human inferior frontal cortex and superior parietal lobe, and are unique in that they fire when one completes an action and also when one witnesses an actor performing the same action. Various studies have proposed a theory of mirror neurons related to language development.[23][24][25]

Human languages are usually referred to as natural languages, and the science of studying them falls under the purview of linguistics. A common progression for natural languages is that they are considered to be first spoken and then written, and then an understanding and explanation of their grammar is attempted.

Languages live, die, move from place to place, and change with time. Any language that ceases to change or develop is categorized as a dead language. Conversely, any language that is in a continuous state of change is known as a living language or modern language.

Making a principled distinction between one language and another is sometimes nearly impossible.[26] For instance, there are a few dialects of German similar to some dialects of Dutch. The transition between languages within the same language family is sometimes gradual (see dialect continuum).

Some like to make parallels with biology, where it is not possible to make a well-defined distinction between one species and the next. In either case, the ultimate difficulty may stem from the interactions between languages and populations. (See Dialect or August Schleicher for a longer discussion.)

The concepts of Ausbausprache, Abstandsprache and Dachsprache are used to make finer distinctions about the degrees of difference between languages or dialects.

Some individuals and groups have constructed their own artificial languages, for practical, experimental, personal or ideological reasons. International auxiliary languages are generally constructed languages that strive to be easier to learn than natural languages; other constructed languages strive to be more logical ("loglangs") than natural languages; a prominent example of this is Lojban.

Some writers, such as J. R. R. Tolkien, have created fantasy languages, for literary, artistic or personal reasons. The fantasy language of the Klingon race has in recent years been developed by fans of the Star Trek series, including a vocabulary and grammar.

Constructed languages are not necessarily restricted to the properties shared by natural languages.

This part of ISO 639 also includes identifiers that denote constructed (or artificial) languages. In order to qualify for inclusion, the language must have a literature and be designed for the purpose of human communication. Specifically excluded are reconstructed languages and computer programming languages.

Some languages, most constructed, are meant specifically for communication between people of different nationalities or language groups as an easy-to-learn second language. Several of these languages have been constructed by individuals or groups. Natural, pre-existing languages may also be used in this way; their developers merely catalogued and standardized their vocabulary and identified their grammatical rules. These languages are called naturalistic. One such language, Latino Sine Flexione, is a simplified form of Latin. Two others, Occidental and Novial, were drawn from several Western languages.

To date, the most successful auxiliary language is Esperanto, invented by Polish ophthalmologist Zamenhof. It has a relatively large community roughly estimated at about two million speakers worldwide, with a large body of literature, songs, and is the only known constructed language to have native speakers, such as the Hungarian-born American businessman George Soros. Other auxiliary languages with a relatively large number of speakers and literature are Interlingua and Ido.

Controlled natural languages are subsets of natural languages whose grammars and dictionaries have been restricted in order to reduce or eliminate both ambiguity and complexity. The purpose behind the development and implementation of a controlled natural language typically is to aid non-native speakers of a natural language in understanding it, or to ease computer processing of a natural language. An example of a widely used controlled natural language is Simplified English, which was originally developed for aerospace industry maintenance manuals.

Mathematics and computer science use artificial entities called formal languages (including programming languages and markup languages, and some that are more theoretical in nature). These often take the form of character strings, produced by a combination of formal grammar and semantics of arbitrary complexity.

A programming language is a formal language endowed with semantics that can be utilized to control the behavior of a machine, particularly a computer, to perform specific tasks. Programming languages are defined using syntactic and semantic rules, to determine structure and meaning respectively.

Programming languages are employed to facilitate communication about the task of organizing and manipulating information, and to express algorithms precisely. Some authors restrict the term "programming language" to those languages that can express all possible algorithms; sometimes the term "computer language" is applied to artificial languages that are more limited.

The term "animal languages" is often used for non-human systems of communication. Linguists do not consider these to be "language", but describe them as animal communication, because the interaction between animals in such communication is fundamentally different in its underlying principles from human language.[citation needed] Nevertheless, some scholars have tried to disprove this mainstream premise through experiments on training chimpanzees to talk. Karl von Frisch received the Nobel Prize in 1973 for his proof of the language and dialects of the bees.[27] Current research indicates that signalling codes are the most fundamental precondition for every coordination within and between cells, tissues, organs and organisms of all organismic kingdoms. All of these signalling codes follow combinatorial (syntactic), context-sensitive (pragmatic) and content-specific (semantic) rules. In contrast to linguists, biolinguistics and biosemiotics consider these codes to be real languages.[28]

In several publicized instances, non-human animals have been taught to understand certain features of human language. Chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans have been taught hand signs based on American Sign Language. The African Grey Parrot, which possesses the ability to mimic human speech with a high degree of accuracy, is suspected of having sufficient intelligence to comprehend some of the speech it mimics. Most species of parrot, despite expert mimicry, are believed to have no linguistic comprehension at all.[citation needed]

While proponents of animal communication systems have debated levels of semantics, these systems have not been found to have anything approaching human language syntax.

1. ^ a b "language". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (3rd ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. 1992.
2. ^ Saussure 1983, p. 32.
3. ^ Nöth 1995, pp. 13, 50.
4. ^ Nöth 1995, p. 239
5. ^ Saussure 1983, p. 67.
6. ^ Nöth 1995, p. 50.
7. ^ Zvelebil 1973, p. 40. Zvelebil dates the Ur-Tolkappiyam to the late 2nd BC.
8. ^ Barton, David. Literacy: an introduction to the ecology of written language. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. p. 122.
9. ^ Bloomfield 1914, p. 307.
10. ^ Bloomfield 1914, p. 308.
11. ^ Bloomfield 1914, p. 310.
12. ^ Bloomfield 1914, p. 311.
13. ^ Bloomfield 1914, p. 311.
14. ^ Clarke, David S. (1990). Sources of semiotic: readings with commentary from antiquity to the present. Southern Illinois University Press. pp. 143-144.
15. ^ a b Holquist 1981, pp. xvii-xviii.
16. ^ Politics, 1253a lines 1-18 (Book I.2)
17. ^ Hobbes 1651, pp. 16-17.
18. ^ Hobbes 1651, p. 24.
19. ^ Second Discourse
20. ^ Evolutionary Origins of the Social Brain. In O. Vilarroya and F. F. i Argimon (eds.), Social Brain Matters: Stances on the Neurobiology of Social Cognition. Rodopi, 2007, 18: 215-222.
21. ^ Imitation and Mimesis. In S. Hurley and N. Chater (eds.), Perspectives on Imitation: From Neuroscience to Social Science, Volume 2: Imitation, Human Development, and Culture. MIT Press, 2005, 14:282-300.
22. ^http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/ramachandran/ramachandran_p1.html
23. ^http://psycserver.psyc.queensu.ca/donaldm/reprints/evolutionaryOrigins18.pdf
24. ^http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=uJTc5wlAYAUC&oi=fnd&pg=PA229&dq=Arbib+From+grasping+to+complex+imitation:+mirror+systems+on+the+path+to+language&ots=-b6u5FyQbC&sig=yupQRSaXgn43CcBKuJImHqXspwg
25. ^http://www3.isrl.uiuc.edu/~junwang4/langev/localcopy/pdf/christiansen03trends.pdf
26. ^ "Language". The New Encyclopædia Britannica: MACROPÆDIA. 22. Encyclopædia Britannica,Inc.. 2005. pp. 548 2b.
27. ^ Frisch, K.v. (1953). 'Sprache' oder 'Kommunikation' der Bienen? Psychologische Rundschau 4. Amsterdam.
28. ^ Witzany, G. (2010). Biocommunication and Natural Genome Editing. Springer, Dordrecht

• Bloomfield, Leonard (1914). An introduction to the study of language. New York: Henry Holt and Company.
• Baepler, Paul (2003). "White slaves, African masters". The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science588 (1): 90-111.
• Chakrabarti, Byomkes (1994). A comparative study of Santali and Bengali. Calcutta: K.P. Bagchi & Co. ISBN 81-7074-128-9.
• Crystal, David (1997). The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Crystal, David (2001). The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Gode, Alexander (1951). Interlingua-English Dictionary. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Company.
• Hobbes, Thomas (2008) [1651]. Leviathan. Forgotten Books. http://www.forgottenbooks.org/info/9781605069777.
• Holquist, Michael (1981). "Introduction". in Bachtin, Michail M. The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays. Austin and London: University of Texas Press. http://www.utexas.edu/utpress/excerpts/exbakdia.html#ex1.
• Kandel, ER; Schwartz, JH; Jessell, TM (2000). Principles of Neural Science (fourth ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-8385-7701-6.
• Katzner, K (1999). The Languages of the World. New York: Routledge.
• McArthur, T (1996). The Concise Companion to the English Language. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Nöth, Winfried (1995). Handbook of semiotics. Bloomington: Indiana Universiy press.
• Saussure, Ferdinand de; Harris, Roy, Translator (1983) [1913]. Bally, Charles; Sechehaye, Albert. eds. Course in General Linguistics. La Salle, Illinois: Open Court. ISBN 0-8126-9023-0.
• Zvelebil, Kamil (1973). The smile of Murugan on Tamil literature of South India. Leiden: Brill.

• Deacon, Terrence William (1998). The Symbolic Species: The Co-Evolution of Language and the Brain. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-393-31754-4.
• Polinsky, Maria; Comrie, Bernard; Matthews, Stephen (2003). The atlas of languages: the origin and development of languages throughout the world. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 0-8160-5123-2.

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Brittany France) Demat deoh Breton [Vannetais] (S. Brittany France)[inf] Demat dis Brigidian (western Ireland) Aiah ban twon Brigidian (western Ireland) Aiah ban twons Bru (Vietnam) Bán té Bukusu (Mt. Elgon Kenya) Mlembe Bukusu (Mt. Elgon Kenya) Mulembe Bukusu (Mt. Elgon Kenya) Oreina Bukusu (Mt. Elgon Kenya) Kamakhuwa Bukusu (Mt. Elgon Kenya) [to important p.] Omu angafu akoboole [Bulgar, see Chuvash] Bulgarian (Bulgaria) Zdraveite Bulgarian (Bulgaria) [informal] Zdravei Bulgarian (Bulgaria) [informal] Zdrave Bulgarian (Bulgaria) [informal] Zdrasti Bulgarian (Bulgaria) Dobar den Bulu (Cameroon) Mbôlô Bunun (Taiwan) Masialasang Bura (Nigeria) Usa Burmese (Myanmar) Mingala ba Burmese (Myanmar) Nekaoyela Burmese (Myanmar) [have you eaten?] T'amin sapibila? Burmese (Myanmar) [have you eaten, by man] K'amya t'amin sapyibabyila? Burmese (Myanmar) [have you eaten, bu woman] Shin t'amin sapyiabyila? Burmese (Myanmar) [answer: I have eaten] Sapyibabyi Burmese (Myanmar) [where are you going?] Be thwa malo le? Burmese (Myanmar) [answer: around here] Di na le be Burushashki (Northern Pakistan) Asalam aleykum Burushashki (Northern Pakistan) Leh Buryat (Mongolia) Sain baina uu [Busoga, see Soga] [Byelorussian, seeBelorussian] Cahuilla (S.California USA) [call attention] Wáa Cajun (Louisiana United States) Bon jour Calapalo (Brazil) Rena-voítse [Caló, see Romani [Gitano]] [Cambodian, see Khmer] Camuno (Italy) [formal] Bondesiorìa Canela (Brazil) Hââ-pô Cantonese (China) Néih hóu Cantonese (China) Neilhou Cantonese (China) Lay ho Cantonese (China) Ho yat Cantonese (China) Ngh on Cantonese (China) Jou san [Caribe, see Garífuna] Cassubian (northwestern Poland) Witóm Cassubian (northwestern Poland) Witôjze Cassubian (central Kaszebe Poland) Mojn Catalan (Andorra, Spain, France) Hola Catalan (Andorra, Spain, France) Bon dia Cayuga (Ontario Canada, New York USA) Sga-noh Cayuga (Ontario Canada, New York USA) Sge:no [Cebuano, see Visayan] [Chagga, see Kichagga] Chakma (India, Bangladesh) Jhu Chakma (India, Bangladesh) Oy Chakma (India, Bangladesh) NamaskarChaldean (Iraq) Shlama illakh Cham(Southeast Asia) Salam Cham (Southeast Asia) Salaamz Cham (Southeast Asia) Salamu alaikum Cham (Southeast Asia) [answer] Alaikum salam Chamorro (Guam) Hafa Chamorro (Guam) Hafa adai Chamorro (Guam) [to a man, informal] Hafa gachong Chamorro (Guam) [to a woman, informal] Hafa cheluho [Chaoshou, see Min Nam] [Chapai, see Chuj] Chatino (Tataltepec Mexico) [morning] Cua nque' msaa Chatino (Tataltepec Mexico) [afternoon] Cua nque' xlyaa Chatino (Tataltepec Mexico) [evening] Cua nque' sii Chechen (North Caucasus Russia) Marsha voghiila Chechen (North Caucasus Russia) [to man] Marsha woghiila Chechen (North Caucasus Russia) [to woman] Marsha yoghiila Chechen (North Caucasus Russia) [plural] Marsha doghiila Chechen (North Caucasus Russia) Assalaamu calaikum Cheke Holo [Maringe] (Solomon Islands) Keli fara Cheke Holo [Maringe] (Solomon Islands) Hameron keli Cherokee(Oklahoma and North Carolina USA) O-si-yo Cherokee (Oklahoma and North Carolina USA) Si-yo Cherokee (Oklahoma and North Carolina USA) Si-yu Cheyenne (Montana & Oklahoma USA) [to man] Haaahe Cheyenne (Montana & Oklahoma USA) Haaah, epivah-wuh-ennah Cheyenne (Montana & Oklahoma USA) Pave-ésheeva Chichewa (Malawi) Moni Chichewa (Malawi) Muli bwanji Chichewa (Malawi) [child to older relatives] Moni akuka Chichewa (Angoniland Malawi) Tikuoneni Chickasaw (Oklahoma USA) Halito [Chiga, seeKiga] [Chigogo, see Kigogo] Chilenje (Zambia) Mwabonwa Chilomwe (Malawi) Mo seriwa [Chinese, see dialects: Cantonese, Mandarin,Min Dong and Min Nam] Chinook Jargon (British Colum. Canada, USA) LhaXayEm Chinook Jargon (British Colum. Canada, USA) Klahowya Chinyanja (Southern Africa) Mònì Chinyanja (Southern Africa) Bwino [Chippewa, seeOjibwe] Chisena (Malawi) Bondia Chishona(Southern Africa) [singular] Mhoro Chishona (Southern Africa) [plural] Mhoroi Chishona (Southern Africa) [reply] Ehoi Chishona (Southern Africa) [formal] Tikukwaziwai Chishona (Southern Africa) Kwaziwai Chishona (Southern Africa) Kanjan Chishona (Southern Africa) Hevoi Chishona (Southern Africa) Uribo Chishona (Southern Africa) Mauya [Chisona, see Chishona] Chitonga (Malawi) Mwe uli? Chitonga (Malawi) [answer] Teu mamphaChitonga (Zambia) [morning] Mwabuka buti Chitonga (Zambia) [afternoon] Mwalibizya Chitonga (Zambia) [afternoon] Mwayusa Chitumbuka (Malawi, Zambia) Monire Chitumbuka (Malawi, Zambia) Yewo [Chivenda, see Venda] Chiyao (Malawi, Tanzania, Mozambique) Quamboni Chiyao (Malawi, Tanzania, Mozambique) Subayeedi Choctaw (Oklahoma USA) Halito Chokwe (Congo-Kinshasha, Angola, Zambia) Moyo Chontal (Oaxaca Mexico, Guatemala) Xósa Chortí (Guatemala) C'oten Chorti (Guatemala) [response to C'oten] Chiquento Chuj(Guatemala) Buenos día Chukchi (Russia) [most common] Ye'ti Chukchi (Russia) Ge'et-i-git Chukchi (Russia) Toro'ma Chumash (Santa Barbara California USA) Haku Chumash (Santa Barbara California USA) Yawa Chuuk (Micronesia) Ran allim Chuuk (Micronesia) Ráán ánnim Chuuk (Micronesia) [to a man] Ráán ánnim o Chuuk (Micronesia) [to a woman] Ráán ánnim ne Chuuk (Mortlock Micronesia) Ráán állim Chuuk (Chuuk Lagoon Micronesia) Ran annim Chuvash (Russia) Salam Chuvash (Russia) Avani [Circassian, see Adyghe] Coche (Brazil) Nabasti Cochimí (Baja California Norte Mexico) Auka Cocopa (Baja California Mexico, Arizona USA) Auka Coeur d'Alene (Idaho USA) Qhest Comanche (Oklahoma USA) Haa Comanche (Oklahoma USA) Maruawe Comanche (Oklahoma USA) Maruawe, haitsi Comorian (Comoros) Bariza djioni Comorian (Comoros) Habari Comorian (Comoros) Salama [Congo, see Kikongo] [Conibo, see Shipibo] Coos (Oregon USA) Ta'iCornish (Great Britain) You Cornish (Great Britain) Dydh da Cornish (Great Britain) [formal] Durdathawhy Corsican (France) Bonghjornu Cree (Canada) Tánisi Cree (Canada) Tân'si Cree (Canada) Wâciye Cree (Ouje-Bougoumou Quebec Canada) Kwaay [Creek, seeMuskogee] Creole (Dominican Republic) [morning] Bon jou Creole (St. Lucia) Bonjou [Creole (French Guyana), seeKréyòl] [Creole (Haiti), see Kwéyòl] [Creole (Seychelles), see Seselwa] Crioulo (Guinea-Bissau) Kuma Crioulo (Guinea-Bissau) Bom dia Croatian (Croatia, Bosnia) Zdravo Croatian (Croatia, Bosnia) Zhivio Croatian (Croatia, Bosnia) [informal] Bok Croatian (Croatia, Bosnia) [informal] Bog [Crow, see Apsaaloke] [Cymraeg, see Welsh] Czech (Czech Republic) Dobrý den Czech (Czech Republic) Nazdar Czech (Czech Republic) [informal] AhojDagaare (Ghana, Burkina Faso) Fo be song Dagbani (Ghana) Naatuma Dakelh (Canada) Hadih Dakota (USA, Canada) [by male] Hau Dakota (USA, Canada) [by female] Han Dakota (USA, Canada) [to a friend by male] Hau koda [Damara, see Nama] Dani (Indonesia, New Guinea)[man to a man] Nayak Dani (Indonesia, New Guinea)[man to sev.men] Nayak lak Dani (Indonesia, New Guinea)[by/to a woman] La'uk Dani (Indonesia, New Guinea)[by/to women] La'uk nya Dani (Indonesia, New Guinea) Halao Dani (Indonesia, New Guinea) Halabok nak Dani (Indonesia, New Guinea) Halabasi nak Dani (Indoensia, New Guinea)[man to man] Hagul nak Dani (Indonesia, New Guinea)[woman to woman] Heget nak Danish (Denmark, Greenland) Goddag Danish (Denmark, Greenland) HejDanish (Denmark, Greenland) [informal] Hejsa Danish (Denmark, Greenland) [informal] Hej Danish (Denmark, Greenland) [informal] Davs Danish (South Jutland) Mojn Dari (Afghanistan) Chotor astyDawan (Indonesia) [where are you going?] Noe me? Dawan (Indonesia) [ans: I'm going to...] Au nao no... Dayak [Land Dayak] (Indonesia) Elsalam Dayak [Iban] (Indonesia) Elsalaam [Delaware, see Lenape] Deg Xinag (Alaska) Ade' [Deutsch, see German] Dhivehi(Maldives) Assalaam u alaykum Dhivehi (Maldives) Us-salaam alaikum Dhivehi (Maldives) Assalam aleikum Dhivehi (Maldives) [answer] Aleikum assalam Dhivehi (Maldives) [informal] Kihineh [Didiu, see Cochimí] [Diegueño, seeKumeyaay] Dinka (Sudan) Ci yi bak Diola (Senegal) Kasumai Diola (Senegal) Kasumaò Diola (Senegal) [reply] Kasumi kepp Diola (Senegal) Aa [Dioula, see Dyula] Djabugay(Queensland Australia) Djirri-nyurra Douala (Cameroon) ObusiDrehu (New Caledonia) Bozo Drehu (New Caledonia) Bozu Drehu (New Caledonia) Talofa Dumna Yokuts (San Joaquin River Calif.USA) Hawaan Dusun (Sabah Malaysia) Okuro-kuro noh?Dutch (Netherlands, Belgium) Hallo Dutch (Netherlands, Belgium) Hoi Dutch (Netherlands, Belgium) Dag Dutch (Netherlands) Morgen Dutch (Netherlands) Môge Dutch (Netherlands) Goedendag Dutch (Netherlands) [in spoken language] Goeiedag Dutch (Netherlands) [rarely used] Hai Dutch (Belgium) [informal by youth] Helaba Dutch (Belgium) [informal by youth] Yoe Dutch (Belgium) [informal by youth] Hiya [Dyerma, see Zarma]Dyirbal (NE Queensland Australia) Nginda wunydjangum Dyirbal (NE Queensland Australia) Nginda bayi wunydjangum? Dyribal (NE Queensland Australia) Nginda Dyula (Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Mali) Dansi Dyula (Cote d'Ivoire) [reply by men] Nba Dyula (Cote d'Ivoire) [reply by woman] Ns´ Dyula (Burkina Faso) I dansi Dyula (Burkina Faso) [reply by men] Am baa Dyula (Burkina Faso) [reply by women] Am séé Dyula (Cote d'Ivoire) [entering house] Koko Dyula (Cote d'Ivoire) [to person working] I ni baara Dzongkha (Bhutan) Kuzu zangpo Dzongkha (Bhutan) Kuzu zangpo la Dzongkha (Bhutan) Yala [Dzhudezmo, see Ladino]Edo (Nigeria) Kóyo Edo (Nigeria) [to a person at home] Ób'ówa Edo (Nigeria) [to a person at work] Ób'ínwìnà Efik (Africa) Idem fo Egyptian (ancient Egypt) Iiti Egyptian (ancient Egypt) Iiti em hotep Egyptian (ancient Egypt)[lit. in peace] Em hotep Egyptian (ancient Egypt)[in great peace] Em hotep nefer Egyptian (ancient Egypt)[very great peace] Em hotep nefer weret Egyptian (ancient Egypt)[plural] Yii em hotep Egyptian (ancient Egypt)[informal] Yeh Egyptian (ancient Egypt) [to a man] Aw ibek Egyptian (ancient Egypt) [to a woman] Aw ibetj Ejagham (Cameroon, Nigeria) Nkuba Ekegusii (Kenya) [to one person] Imbuya ore? Ekegusii (Kenya) [to several people] Imbuya more? Ekegusii (Kenya) [answer by one person] Imbuya ande Ekegusii (Kenya) [answer by several people] Imbuya tore Enga (Papua New Guinea) Kotáka English (America, Australia, UK) Hello English (America, UK) [formal] Good day English (America) [informal] Hi English (Australia) G'day English (Australia) Hiya English (New Zealand) Gidday English (Southern USA) [to more than one] Hi y'all English [Strine dialect] (Australia) Hay gaan English [Strine dialect] (Australia) Hezza gaan English [Texan dialect] (Texas USA) Howdy English [New Oreleans dialect](Lousiana USA) Where ya'at English [Middle English] (old England) Gode dai English [Middle English] (old England) Gode dei English [Old English] (old Britain) Ic grete þe Eora (Australia) Boodyeri kamuru Erzya (Russia) Shumbrat [Eskimo, see Alutiiq, Inuktitut,Iñupiaq, Kalaallisut andYup'ik] Esperanto (international use) Saluton Esselen (Big Sur California USA) Saleki asatsa Estonian (Estonia) Tervist Estonian (Estonia) Tere Estonian (Estonia) T�au Estonian (Estonia) [to a person working] Jõudu Estonian (Estonia) [to a person working] Tere jõudu Estonian (Estonia) [to a person working] Jõudu tööle Estonian (Estonia) [reply when working] Tarvis Estonian [Old Estonian] (old Estonia) Terveh Eton (Cameroon) Më të wa kon Eton (Cameroon) Më të wa kone Eton (Cameroon) [to other side of street] Më të wa kone wale Eton (Cameroon) [reply] Kiri mbang [Euskara, see Basque] Even (Russia) Torova Éwé (Ghana, Togo) Nilyenia Éwé (Ghana, Togo) [response] Mile Éwé (Ghana, Togo) Wayzo Éwé (Ghana, Togo) Fien Éwé (Ghana, Togo) [to a person working] Ayekoo Éwé (Ghana, Togo) [to a group working] Aanyekoo Ewondo (Cameroon) Mbebekiri Ewondo (Cameroon) Mbembé kidi Edo (Nigeria) Kóyo Edo (Nigeria) [to a person at home] Ób'ówa Edo (Nigeria) [to a person at work] Ób'ínwìnà Efik (Africa) Idem fo Egyptian (ancient Egypt) Iiti Egyptian (ancient Egypt) Iiti em hotep Egyptian (ancient Egypt)[lit. in peace] Em hotep Egyptian (ancient Egypt)[in great peace] Em hotep nefer Egyptian (ancient Egypt)[very great peace] Em hotep nefer weret Egyptian (ancient Egypt)[plural] Yii em hotep Egyptian (ancient Egypt)[informal] Yeh Egyptian (ancient Egypt) [to a man] Aw ibek Egyptian (ancient Egypt) [to a woman] Aw ibetj Ejagham (Cameroon, Nigeria) Nkuba Ekegusii (Kenya) [to one person] Imbuya ore? Ekegusii (Kenya) [to several people] Imbuya more? Ekegusii (Kenya) [answer by one person] Imbuya ande Ekegusii (Kenya) [answer by several people] Imbuya tore Enga (Papua New Guinea) Kotáka English (America, Australia, UK) Hello English (America, UK) [formal] Good day English (America) [informal] Hi English (Australia) G'day English (Australia) Hiya English (New Zealand) Gidday English (Southern USA) [to more than one] Hi y'all English [Strine dialect] (Australia) Hay gaan English [Strine dialect] (Australia) Hezza gaan English [Texan dialect] (Texas USA) Howdy English [New Oreleans dialect](Lousiana USA) Where ya'at English [Middle English] (old England) Gode dai English [Middle English] (old England) Gode dei English [Old English] (old Britain) Ic grete þe Eora (Australia) Boodyeri kamuru Erzya (Russia) Shumbrat [Eskimo, see Alutiiq, Inuktitut,Iñupiaq, Kalaallisut andYup'ik] Esperanto (international use) Saluton Esselen (Big Sur California USA) Saleki asatsa Estonian (Estonia) Tervist Estonian (Estonia) Tere Estonian (Estonia) T�au Estonian (Estonia) [to a person working] Jõudu Estonian (Estonia) [to a person working] Tere jõudu Estonian (Estonia) [to a person working] Jõudu tööle Estonian (Estonia) [reply when working] Tarvis Estonian [Old Estonian] (old Estonia) Terveh Eton (Cameroon) Më të wa kon Eton (Cameroon) Më të wa kone Eton (Cameroon) [to other side of street] Më të wa kone wale Eton (Cameroon) [reply] Kiri mbang [Euskara, see Basque] Even (Russia) Torova Éwé (Ghana, Togo) Nilyenia Éwé (Ghana, Togo) [response] Mile Éwé (Ghana, Togo) Wayzo Éwé (Ghana, Togo) Fien Éwé (Ghana, Togo) [to a person working] Ayekoo Éwé (Ghana, Togo) [to a group working] Aanyekoo Ewondo (Cameroon) Mbebekiri Ewondo (Cameroon) Mbembé kidi Edo (Nigeria) Kóyo Edo (Nigeria) [to a person at home] Ób'ówa Edo (Nigeria) [to a person at work] Ób'ínwìnà Efik (Africa) Idem fo Egyptian (ancient Egypt) Iiti Egyptian (ancient Egypt) Iiti em hotep Egyptian (ancient Egypt)[lit. in peace] Em hotep Egyptian (ancient Egypt)[in great peace] Em hotep nefer Egyptian (ancient Egypt)[very great peace] Em hotep nefer weret Egyptian (ancient Egypt)[plural] Yii em hotep Egyptian (ancient Egypt)[informal] Yeh Egyptian (ancient Egypt) [to a man] Aw ibek Egyptian (ancient Egypt) [to a woman] Aw ibetj Ejagham (Cameroon, Nigeria) Nkuba Ekegusii (Kenya) [to one person] Imbuya ore? Ekegusii (Kenya) [to several people] Imbuya more? Ekegusii (Kenya) [answer by one person] Imbuya ande Ekegusii (Kenya) [answer by several people] Imbuya tore Enga (Papua New Guinea) Kotáka English (America, Australia, UK) Hello English (America, UK) [formal] Good day English (America) [informal] Hi English (Australia) G'day English (Australia) Hiya English (New Zealand) Gidday English (Southern USA) [to more than one] Hi y'all English [Strine dialect] (Australia) Hay gaan English [Strine dialect] (Australia) Hezza gaan English [Texan dialect] (Texas USA) Howdy English [New Oreleans dialect](Lousiana USA) Where ya'at English [Middle English] (old England) Gode dai English [Middle English] (old England) Gode dei English [Old English] (old Britain) Ic grete þe Eora (Australia) Boodyeri kamuru Erzya (Russia) Shumbrat [Eskimo, see Alutiiq, Inuktitut,Iñupiaq, Kalaallisut andYup'ik] Esperanto (international use) Saluton Esselen (Big Sur California USA) Saleki asatsa Estonian (Estonia) Tervist Estonian (Estonia) Tere Estonian (Estonia) T�au Estonian (Estonia) [to a person working] Jõudu Estonian (Estonia) [to a person working] Tere jõudu Estonian (Estonia) [to a person working] Jõudu tööle Estonian (Estonia) [reply when working] Tarvis Estonian [Old Estonian] (old Estonia) Terveh Eton (Cameroon) Më të wa kon Eton (Cameroon) Më të wa kone Eton (Cameroon) [to other side of street] Më të wa kone wale Eton (Cameroon) [reply] Kiri mbang [Euskara, see Basque] Even (Russia) Torova Éwé (Ghana, Togo) Nilyenia Éwé (Ghana, Togo) [response] Mile Éwé (Ghana, Togo) Wayzo Éwé (Ghana, Togo) Fien Éwé (Ghana, Togo) [to a person working] Ayekoo Éwé (Ghana, Togo) [to a group working] Aanyekoo Ewondo (Cameroon) Mbebekiri Ewondo (Cameroon) Mbembé kidi Edo (Nigeria) Kóyo Edo (Nigeria) [to a person at home] Ób'ówa Edo (Nigeria) [to a person at work] Ób'ínwìnà Efik (Africa) Idem fo Egyptian (ancient Egypt) Iiti Egyptian (ancient Egypt) Iiti em hotep Egyptian (ancient Egypt)[lit. in peace] Em hotep Egyptian (ancient Egypt)[in great peace] Em hotep nefer Egyptian (ancient Egypt)[very great peace] Em hotep nefer weret Egyptian (ancient Egypt)[plural] Yii em hotep Egyptian (ancient Egypt)[informal] Yeh Egyptian (ancient Egypt) [to a man] Aw ibek Egyptian (ancient Egypt) [to a woman] Aw ibetj Ejagham (Cameroon, Nigeria) Nkuba Ekegusii (Kenya) [to one person] Imbuya ore? Ekegusii (Kenya) [to several people] Imbuya more? Ekegusii (Kenya) [answer by one person] Imbuya ande Ekegusii (Kenya) [answer by several people] Imbuya tore Enga (Papua New Guinea) Kotáka English (America, Australia, UK) Hello English (America, UK) [formal] Good day English (America) [informal] Hi English (Australia) G'day English (Australia) Hiya English (New Zealand) Gidday English (Southern USA) [to more than one] Hi y'all English [Strine dialect] (Australia) Hay gaan English [Strine dialect] (Australia) Hezza gaan English [Texan dialect] (Texas USA) Howdy English [New Oreleans dialect](Lousiana USA) Where ya'at English [Middle English] (old England) Gode dai English [Middle English] (old England) Gode dei English [Old English] (old Britain) Ic grete þe Eora (Australia) Boodyeri kamuru Erzya (Russia) Shumbrat [Eskimo, see Alutiiq, Inuktitut,Iñupiaq, Kalaallisut andYup'ik] Esperanto (international use) Saluton Esselen (Big Sur California USA) Saleki asatsa Estonian (Estonia) Tervist Estonian (Estonia) Tere Estonian (Estonia) T�au Estonian (Estonia) [to a person working] Jõudu Estonian (Estonia) [to a person working] Tere jõudu Estonian (Estonia) [to a person working] Jõudu tööle Estonian (Estonia) [reply when working] Tarvis Estonian [Old Estonian] (old Estonia) Terveh Eton (Cameroon) Më të wa kon Eton (Cameroon) Më të wa kone Eton (Cameroon) [to other side of street] Më të wa kone wale Eton (Cameroon) [reply] Kiri mbang [Euskara, see Basque] Even (Russia) Torova Éwé (Ghana, Togo) Nilyenia Éwé (Ghana, Togo) [response] Mile Éwé (Ghana, Togo) Wayzo Éwé (Ghana, Togo) Fien Éwé (Ghana, Togo) [to a person working] Ayekoo Éwé (Ghana, Togo) [to a group working] Aanyekoo Ewondo (Cameroon) Mbebekiri Ewondo (Cameroon) Mbembé kidi Fang (Gabon, Equatorial Guinea) Mbôlo Fang (Gabon, Equatorial Guinea) [to one] M'bole Fang (Gabon, Equatorial Guinea) [to more] M'bolani Fante (Ghana, Burkina Faso) Daa daa oo Fante (Ghana, Burkina Faso) Modofo Faroese (Faroe Islands) Hallo Faroese (Faroe Islands) [informal] Hey Faroese (Faroe Islands) [when surprised] Píka sjey Farsi (Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan) Salaam Farsi (Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan) Sa'lam Farsi (Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan) Khush amadeed Fijian (Fiji) Bula Fijian (Fiji) Ni sa bula Fijian (Fiji) Bula vi naka Fijian (Fiji) Ni sa bula vi naka Fijian (Fiji) [to two people] Drau bula Fijian (Fiji) [to a group] Dou bula Fijian (Fiij) [to group, stranger, superior] Ni bula Fijian (Fiji) [reply] Io Fijian (Fiji) [reply - respectful] Ia [Filipino, see Tagalog] Finnish (Finland) Päivää Finnish (Finland) Terve Finnish (Finland) [informal, common] Moi Finnish (Finland) [informal, common] Hei Finnish (Finland) [informal] Moikka Finnish (Finland) [formal] Hyvää päivää [Flemish, see Dutch (Belgium)] Fon (Benin, Togo) Kudeu Fon (Benin, Togo) [reply] Oku Fon (Benin, Togo) A fon a Fon (Benin, Togo) A do gangi a? Fon (Benin, Togo) [reply] Een, un do gangi Fon (Benin, Togo) A do yi yi we a? Fon (Benin, Togo) [reply] Een, un do gangi Fon (Benin, Togo) A do dagbe a? Fon (Benin, Togo) [reply] Een, un do dagbe Fon (Benin, Togo) A do fine a? Fon (Benin, Togo) [reply] Een, un do fi Fon (Benin, Togo) A de u wa? Fon (Benin, Togo) [reply] Een, un de u Fon (Benin, Togo) [after long absense] Azan yi aton Fon (Benin, Togo) [reply] Dokpo je ji Fon (Benin, Togo) [to a person working] Kudazo Fon-Gbe (Benin) Kuabo Fore (Papua New Guinea) Kagíé Fore (Papua New Guinea) Kwarìgíné French (Europe, Africa, Canada) Bonjour French (Europe, Africa, Canada) Salut Frisian [Westerlauwer] (Netherlands) Goeie Frisian [Westerlauwer] (Netherlands) Goedei Frisian (Schleswig-Holstein Germany) God dai Friulian(northern Italy) Bundì [Fuchou, see Min Dong]Fulani (West Africa) [to one person] No ngoola daa Fulani (West Africa) [to several people] No ngoola dong Fulani (West Africa) No wayi Fulani (West Africa) A jaaraama Fulani (West Africa) Tanaala Fulani (West Africa) Sadu Fulani (West Africa) Ngnalène é diam [Furlan, see Friulian] Futuna (Wallis and Futuna) Malo le kataki Futuna Aniwa (Vanuatu) Jinisa Futuna Aniwa (Vanuatu) [to two people] Rinisa Futuna Aniwa (Vanuatu) [to three people] Jikanisa Futuna Aniwa (Vanuatu) [to three people] Jikanesa Futuna Aniwa (Vanuatu) [to three people] Jikanesa kokautau Futuna Aniwa (Vanuatu) [to more than three] Niganisa Fuuta Jalon (Guinea) Toolii Ga (Ghana) Mingabu Ga (Ghana) Odze ku [Gabrieleño, see Tongva] [Gaelic, see Irish Gaeilge and Scottish Gaelic] Gagauz (southern Moldova) Gün aydin Gagauz (southern Moldova) [informal] Selam Galician (Spain) Hola [Galla, see Oromo] Gallo (France) Comant q'c'est? Ganai (Australia) Wunman njinde Gammon (Ireland) Buri talosk Ganu (Malaysia) Guana mu lenin sihak dokGarífuna (Guatemala) Buíti bináfi Garo (India, Bangladesh) Sa lam Gascon (France) Salut Gbhanda (Liberia) Yanela Gbhanda (Liberia) Okonia Ge'ez (Ethiopia) Sälam läki Georgian (Georgia) Gamardjobat Georgian (Georgia) Gamardjobah Georgian (Georgia) [informal reply] Gagimarjos German (Central Europe) Guten Tag German (Central Europe) Hallo German (Central Europe) [informal] Grüß dich German (Central Europe) [informal] Tag German (Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein) Hoi German (Austria, Bavaria, Wurttemburg) Grüß Gott German (Vienna Austria) [in spoken language] Griass God German (Vienna Austria) [in spoken language] Seavas German (Bavarian Alps) [in spoken language] Griass di German (Bavarian Alps) [in spoken language] Griass enk German (Bavarian Alps) Hallo German (Southern Bavaria) Servus German (Bairische) Hä German (Bairische) Hää German (Bairische) Griàßdigood German (Bairische) Griàßdi nachà German (Northern Germany) Moin German (Northern Germany) Moin moin German (Basel Switzerland) [polite] Griezi German (Bern Switzerland) [spoken] Grü-essech German (Bern Switzerland) [spoken] Grü-esdi German (Chur Switzerland) [polite form] Grazi German (Chur Switzerland) [polite form] Gruiazi German (Chur Switzerland) [familiar form] Ciao German (Schaffhausen Switzerland) [spoken] Grüazi German [Süd-Tirol/South Tyrol] (Italy) Ers Gott German [Hessisch] (Germany) Guude German [Südhessisch] (Germany) Ei guude wie German [Südhessisch] (Germany) Moin German (Zurich Switzerland) [polite] Grüezi German (Zurich Switzerland) [polite] Grueziwohl German (Zurich Switzerland) Salutti German (Zurich Switzerland) [familiar] Hoi German (Zurich Switzerland) [familiar] Salü German (Zurich Switzerland) [familiar] Tschau German (Zurich Switzerland) [spoken] Gu-ëte Tag German (Zurich Switzerland) [spoken] Gu-etä Tag German (Zurich Switzerland) [by school kids] Hoa German (Zurich Swizterland) [by school kids] Ha German (Zurich Switzerland) [old fashioned] Tag wohl German (Saarland) [in spoken language] Un [Gikuyu, seeKikuyu] Giryama (Africa) Zhoyo Giryama (Kenya) Dzasindadze Gitonga (Mozambique) Wa bonwaGong (Thailand) Nàwng a náwng kàwwê? Gong (Thailand) A náwng kàwwê? Gong (Thailand) [answer by a visitor] Ngá kawíng di-o Gong (Thailand) [answer by a visitor] Kawíng di-o Greek(Greece, Cyprus) Geia sou Greek (Greece, Cyprus) Geia sas Greek (Greece, Cyprus) Geia Guaja (Brazil) Zeng [Guajajára, seeTembé Tenetéhar] Guajibo (Colombia, Venezuela) Icá Guanche (Canary Islands) Tamaragua Guarani (Paraguay) Maitei Guarani (Paraguay) Maiteípa Guarani (Paraguay) Mba'éichapa Gujarati (India) Kem cho Gulmancema (Burkina Faso) Din tè Gulmancema (Burkina Faso) [answer] Lafia Gulmancema (Burkina Faso) [answer] Lafia dè Gumatj (Australia) [to one person] Nhamirri nhe? Gumatj (Australia) [to two people] Nhamirri manda? Gumatj (Australia) [to several people] Nhamirri walala? Gumatj (Australia) [answer] Manymak Gumatj (Australia) [answer] Manymak bay' Gumatj (Australia) [answer] Latju Gunggari (Australia) Gnunha yinda murdi Gurenne (Northern Ghana) [by working] Tumatuma Gurung (Nepal) Namaste Gurung (Nepal) Bindi mu Guugu Yimithirr (Australia) Ngauthaan-thirr, gadiiwawu-wi Gwich'in (Alaska, Canada) Nenànkäk nätäydëk häjit shò trì'nlay Gwich'in (Alaska) Neenjit dôonch'yáa [Gypsy, see Romani] Haida (Queen Elizabeth Island Canada) Kii-te-daas a Haisla (Canada) Yowtz Hakka (China, Malaysia) Zao sin [Hal-Pulaar, seeFulani] Hän (Alaska) Nahhwanànkak nahokhwadál geenjit shòn tr'iinlii Harari (Ethiopia) AmanHassaniya (Mauritania) Aw'walikum Hassaniya (Mauritania) [evening] Masa elher Hassaniya (Mauritania) Ehlen Hausa (West Africa) Sànnu Hausa (West Africa) [plural] Sànnunku Hausa (West Africa) [response] Yâuwa sànnu Hausa (West Africa) [response] Yâuwa Hausa (West Africa) [response] Sànnu kàadai Hausa (West Africa) [to superior; man] Rânkà yà dade Hausa (West Africa) [to superior; woman] Rânkì yà dade Hausa (West Africa) [by Muslims] Sàlamù àlaikùn Hawaiian (Hawaii) Aloha Hawaiian (Hawaii) Aloha mai Hawaiian (Hawaii) Welina Hawaiian (Hawaii) Welina mai [Haya, see Kihaya] Hebrew (Israel) [formal] Shalom Hebrew (Israel) [informal] Ma nishma Hebrew (Israel) [informal] Hi Hebrew (Israel) [to male] Ma shlomcha Hebrew (Israel) [to female] Ma shlomech Hebrew (Israel) [slang by young people] Alan [Hehe, see Kihehe] Heiltsuk (Canada) Yowtz [Hellenic, see Greek] Herero (Namibia) Koree Herero (Namibia) [informal] Mosha vi yong, peli Hidatsa (United States) Dosha Hindi (India, East Asia) Namasté Hindi (India, East Asia) Namaskaar Hindi (India, East Asia) Namashkar Hindi (India, East Asia) Kaise hain Hindustani (Surinam) Raz ba-aishHiri Motu (Papua New Guinea) [morning] Dada namona Hiri Motu (Papua New Guinea) [afternoon] Handorai namona Hiri Motu (Papua New Guinea) [afternoon] Andorai namona Hittite (Anatolia, Syria) Ashshuli Hmong Daw (China, Laos, Thailand) Nyob zoo Hmong Daw (China, Laos, Thai.) [to arriving] Tuaj los Hmong Daw (China, Laos, Thai.) [to arriving] Koj tuaj losHmong Dian (China) Niob raot Hmong Du (Vietnam) Ti nâu Hmong Du (Vietnam) Caó cu Hmong, Eastern (China) Mongx rut Hmong Njua (China, Laos, Thailand) Nyob zoo Hmong Njua (China, Laos, Thailand) Nyob zoo tsis zoo Hmong Njua (China, Laos, Thailand) Zoo hwv lauv Hmong Njua (Northern Thailand) [at a house] Nyob tsev tsis nyob ua? Hmong Njua (Northern Thailand) [answer] Nyob ua Hmong Njua (China) Nyaob rongt Hmong Njua (Vietnam) Nhaoz j�ng Hmong Qiandong (China) Mongx vut Hmong Qiandong (China) Mongx niangb vut [Hmoob Dawb (White Hmong), see Hmong Daw] [Hmoob Dub (Black Hmong), see Hmong Du] [Hmoob Ntsuab (Green Hmong), see Hmong Njua]Hñähñu (Mexico) Haxajua Hñähñu (Mexico) Tehats'i Hñähñu (Mexico) Hats'i Hocak Wazijaci (Wisconsin & Nebraska USA) Haho [Hokkien, see Min Nam] Hopi (Southwestern USA) Um waynuma? Hopi (Southwestern USA) [answer] Owí, nu' waynuma Hopi (Southwestern USA) Um pitu? Hopi (Southwestern USA) [answer] Owí Hopi (Southwestern USA) [entering a kiva] Ha'u Hopi (Southwestern USA) [to call attention] Hai Huaorani (Ecuador) I ay Huaorani (Ecuador) Waponi Huasteco (San Luis Potosí Mexico) [morning] Tahk'ane:nek Huasteco (Mexico) [afternoon] Waklane:nek Huasteco (Mexico) [night] Thamk'une:nek Huichol (Nayarit and Jalisco Mexico) Ke áku Hungarian (Hungary) Jó napot Hungarian (Hungary) Jó napot kívánok Hungarian (Hungary) [informal, to one] Szervusz Hungarian (Hungary) [informal, to several] Szervusztok Hungarian (Hungary) [informal, to one] Szia Hungarian (Hungary) [informal, to several] Sziasztok Hungarian (Hungary) [informal] Üdv Hupa (North America) He:yung Huron(Quebec Canada, Oklahoma USA) Tu ough qua no u [Ibo, see Igbo] Icelandic (Iceland) Góðan daginn Icelandic (Iceland) Halló Icelandic (Iceland) [to a man] Komdu sæll Icelandic (Iceland) [to a woman] Komdu sæl Icelandic (Iceland) [to many people] Komið þið sæl Icelandic (Iceland) [to a man] Sæll Icelandic (Iceland) [to a woman] Sæl Icelandic (Iceland) [to a man] Blessaður Icelandic (Iceland) [to a woman] Blessuð Icetot(Uganda) [to one person] Iyida Icetot (Uganda) [to several people] Iyita Ido (international use) Bona jorno Ido (international use) [afternoon] Bona posdimezo Igbo (Nigeria) Ibaulachi Igbo (Nigeria) Ezigbo ubosi Igbo (Nigeria) Ubosi oma Igbo (Nigeria) Ndeèwo Igbo (Nigeria) Kedu Igbo (Nigeria) Kelou Ijo (Africa) To baroa [Ik, see Icetot] [Ikiribati, see Kiribati] Ilokano (Philippines) [morning] Naimbag nga bigat Ilokano (Philippines) [morning, formal] Naimbag a bigatyo Ilokano (Philippines) [morning, informal] Naimbag a bigatmo Ilokano (Philippines) [at noon] Naimbag nga aldaw Ilokano (Philippines) [noon, formal] Naimbag ñga aldawyo Ilokano (Philippines) [noon, informal] Naimbag ñga aldawmo Ilokano (Philippines) [afternoon] Naimbag nga malem Ilokano (Philippines) [afternoon, formal] Naimbag a malemyo Ilokano (Philippines) [afternoon informal] Naimbag a malemmo Ilokano (Philippines) [evening] Naimbag nga rabii Ilonggo (Philippines) Maayo Ilonggo (Philippines) Maayo nga adlaw Ilonggo (Philippines) Halo Indonesian (Indonesia, Surinam) Selamat Indonesian (Indonesia, Surinam) Selamat siang Indonesian (Indonesia, Surinam) Salam Indonesian (Indonesia, Surinam) Apa kabar Indonesian (Indonesia, Surinam) Menyapa Indonesian (Indonesia, Surinam) Hai [Ingalik, see Deg Xinag] Ingush (Russia) Salam Ingush (Russia) Da dika xalda hwa Ingush (Russia) [answer to above] Hwa 'a xalda da dika Ingush (Russia) [to two or more people] Da dika xalda shyn Ingush (Russia) [by man to another man] Wassalaam walejkum Ingush (Russia) [answer to above] Hwa 'a xajla sejra dika Innu (Canada) Kwe kwe Innu (Canada) Waachiyaa Interlingua (constructed) Salute Interlingua (constructed) Bon die Interlingua (constructed) Bon jorno [Inuit, see Inuktitut, Iñupiaq andKalaallisut] [Inuktitut (Alaska), seeIñupiaq] Inuktitut (Canada) Asujutidli Inuktitut (Canada) Asujutilli Inuktitut (Nunavik South Baffin Canada) Ainngai Inuktitut (Nunavik South Baffin Canada) Ai Inuktitut (Arctic) [to one person] Aksunai Inuktitut (Arctic) [to two people] Aksutik Inuktitut (Canada) Ûmâ Iñupiaq(Alaska) Kiana [Inuttut, see Inuktitut andKalaallisut] Ioway (North America) [by a man] Aho Ioway (North America) [by a woman] Aha Ipili (Papua New Guinea) Ani pele amene Irish Gaeilge (Ireland) [common] HaileoIrish Gaeilge (Ireland) [God be with you] Dia dhuit Irish Gaeilge (Ireland)[reply to Dia dhuit] Dia is Muire dhuit Ishkashmi (Tajikistan) As-salam alaíkum Ishkashmi (Tajikistan) [reply] Alaíkum as-salam [IsiXhosa, see Xhosa] Italian (Cent. Europe, E Africa) Buon giorno Italian (Cent. Europe, E Africa)[familiar] Salve Italian (Cent. Europe, E Africa)[familiar] Ciao Itbayaten (Batanes Philippines) Kapian ka pa nu Dios aschapanderak Itzá (Guatemala) Te'yoos [Iu Mien, seeMien] Ivasayen (Batanes Philippines) Capian ka pa nu Dios si chamavucjas [Ivrit, see Hebrew] Ixcateco (Mexico) Tami Ixil (Quiché Department Guatemala) [to man] Cha'lax pap Ixil (Quiché Department Guatemala)[to woman] Cha'lax nan Jacalteco (Guatemala, Mexico) [to man] C'ul mama' Jacalteco (Guatemala, Mexico) [to woman] C'ul miay Japanese (Japan) Konnichi wa Japanese [Kansai Ben] (Osaka Japan) Maido Japanese [Kansai Ben] (Osaka Japan) Maido ookini Japanese [Kansai Ben] (Osaka Japan) Mokarimakka Japanese [Kansai Ben] (Osaka Japan) [answer] Bochi bochi denna Japanese [Tohoku Ben] (Northeast Japan) Ohayo-sama Japanese [Tohoku Ben] (Northeast Japan) Konnyeje wa [Jatvingian, see Sûdovian] Javanese (Indonesia) Selamat Javanese (Indonesia) Halo Jelai (Malaysia) Tabek Jèrriais (Jersey) Bouonjour [Jirrbal, see Dyirbal] Jiwarli (Australia) [to a friend] Ya jalikurtijuyi Jiwarli (Australia) [lit. 'come here'] Yanamarni nhurra Jiwarli (Australia) [to call attention] Ya [Juaneño, see Acjachemem] [Judeo-Espanyol, see Ladino] [Jula, seeDyula] Jutlandish (Denmark) Daw-daw Kabardian (Russia) ['let your day be good'] Fi maho fuwa Kabyle(Algeria) Azul Kabyle (Algeria) Salam alik Kabuverdianu (Cape Verde) Bon dia Kabuverdianu (Cape Verde) Ola Kachchi(Uganda) Keayom Kadazan (Sabah Malaysia) Ingkuo koh?Kalaallisut (Greenland) Aluu Kalaallisut (Greenland) Haluu Kalaallisut (Greenland) Kutaa Kalaallisut (Greenland) Unuugujoq Kalaallisut (Greenland) Aluukkut Kalaallisut (Greenland) Haluukkut Kala Kawaw Ya (Queensland Australia)[to 1] Ngi midh? Kala Kawaw Ya (Queensland Australia)[to 2] Ngipel midh? Kala Kawaw Ya (Queensland Australia)[to 3+] Ngitha midh? Kala Kawaw Ya (Queensland Australia)[answer] Balabayginga Kala Lagaw Ya (Australia) Sew ngapa Kalanga (Botswana, Zimbabwe) Dhùmílánì Kalasha (India) Ishpada Kalenjin (Kenya) Subaa Kalenjin (Kenya) Chamge Kalenjin (Kenya) Chamuge Kalenjin (Kenya) [to a close friend] Chamge mising Kalmyk (Russia) Mendvt Kalmyk (Russia) [informal] Mend Kalmyk (Russia) Halun mend Kamchadal (Kamchatka Russia) Torova [Kammu, see Khmu] Kamviri (South Asia) [to a man] Li'o Kamviri (South Asia) [to a woman] L'e Kamviri (South Asia) [response] V'ou Kamviri (South Asia) [response] Kâ'i Kangbe (West Africa) [morning] E nee somah Kangbe (West Africa) [noon] E nee teleh Kangbe (West Africa) [afternoon] E nea woorah Kangbe (West Africa) [evening] E nea soohKanienkehaka (Ont. & Quebec Canada, NY USA) Kwe Kanienkehaka (Ont. & Quebec Canada, NY USA) Kwe kwe Kanienkehaka (Ont. & Quebec Canada, NY USA) She:kon Kanienkehaka (Ont. & Quebec Canada, NY USA) Se:koh Kanienkehaka (Ont. & Quebec Canada, NY USA) Wa'tkwanowera:tonKanjobal (San Pedro Soloma Guatemala) Janik' Kankanaey (Philip.) [to p.entering village] Nagapuam Kankanaey (Philip.) [to p. leaving village] Umayam Kannada (India) Namaskaara Kannada (India) Hege iddi ra Kannada (India) [informal] Hege iddi ya Kanuri (Nigeria, Niger) Ushé-ushé Kapampangan (Philippines) [morning] Mayap ayabak Kapingamarangi (Pacific Islands) Malia goe Karachay (Turkey) Selam Karachay (Turkey) Selamlar Karachay (Turkey) Isenlikler Karachay (Turkey) Salamun aleykum Karachay (Turkey) Esselamun aleykum Karaim (Lithuania, Ukraine) Kiun jach�y Karakalpak (Central Asia) Assalomu alaikum Karakalpak (Central Asia) [answer] Valaikum assalom Karelian (Finland, Russia) Terveh Karelian (Finland, Russia) Terveh teile Karelian (Finland, Russia) Hüvä päivä Karen (Myanmar) Mu eri Karen [Pa'o] (Myanmar) Na aw hsaw ha? Karen [Pho] (Myanmar) Ná à hsà hà? Karen [Pho] (Myanmar) Mwéh Karen [Sgaw] (Myanmar) Ná ô hsû há? Karen [Sgaw] (Myanmar) [answer] Mè Karen [Sgaw] (Myanmar) Madee leh? Karitiana (Brazil) [morning] Goy'hap Karitiana (Brazil) [afternoon] Goy'mõyn [Kartuli, seeGeorgian] Kasem (Ghana, Burkina Faso) [morning] De N zezenga Kasem (Ghana, Burkina Faso) [morning] De N de zezenga Kashmiri (India, Pakistan) Salam Kasigau (Kenya) [have you woken up well?] Wawuka? Kasigau (Kenya) [I have woken up well] Nawuka [Katchi, see Kachchi] Kâte (Papua New Guinea) Mu zheri dâng Kaurareg (Australia) [to one person] Ni midhikidh Kaurareg (Australia) [to two people] Nipel midhikidh? Kaurareg (Australia) [to three or more] Nitha midhikidh? Kaurna (Southern Australia) Na marni Kaurna (Soutnern Australia) Marni Kavango (Namibia) Osinima osiri ngeipi Kazakh (Kazakstan, Central Asia, China) Salam Kazakh (Kazakstan, Central Asia, China) Asalamu alaykim Kazakh (Kazakstan, Central Asia, China) Salamatsyz ba Kazakh (Kazakstan, Central Asia, China) Khayrly kün Kazakh (Kazakstan, C. Asia, China)[informal] Selem Kebu(Congo, Uganda) Ngoni Kekchí (Guatemala) [to elder man] Ch'owa' Kekchí (Guatemala) [to elder woman] Ch'ona' Kekchí (Guatemala) Wan b'i Kekchí (Guatemala) [answer] Us, b'i Keres (Southwestern United States) Guwaadzi sai hauba Keres (Cochiti New Mexico USA) Kuweasti hopa [Kernewek, see Cornish] Khakas (Russia) Izen Khakas (Russia) Izenner Khakas (Russia) Mangat qun Khanty (Russia) Wus'a Khanty (Russia) Uusia Khmer(Cambodia) Sok sabai jie te Khmer (Cambodia) Suor sdei Khmer (Cambodia) Choum reap suor Khmer (Cambodia) [to man] Choum reap suor look Khmer (Cambodia) [to woman] Choum reap suor look sreyKhmu (Laos) Sabailuh =Khomani (South Africa) !hoi ca Kibudu (Congo-Kinshasha) Salamu Kichagga (Tanzania) Kufyenda Kichagga [Kibosho] (Tanzania) Shimboni Kichagga [Kimashami] (Tanzania) Nesindisa Kichori (Africa) Kopang'o Kickapoo (United States, Mexico) Ho Kiga (Africa) [morning] Oraire gye Kiga (Africa) [afternoon and evening] Osiibire gye Kiga (Africa) [night] Oraare gye Kiga (Africa) [by children] Mbahe Kiga (Africa) [by children] Mbahi Kiganda (Uganda) [peace] Mirembe Kiganda (Uganda) [what's the news] Mawulire ki? Kiganda (Uganda) [answer: none] Tetugalaba Kigogo (central Tanzania) Mbukwenyi Kigogo (central Tanzania) [reply] MbukwaKihaya (Africa) Wasbotaige Kihehe (Africa) Kamwene Kihema (Congo-Kinshasha) Mirembe Kikamba (Tanzania) [to one person] Uvoo waku Kikamba (Tanzania) [to a group] Uvoo wenyu Kikongo (Congo, Angola) Mbote Kikongo (Congo, Angola) Kiambote Kikongo (Congo, Angola) [to man] Kiambote tata Kikongo (Congo, Angola) [to woman] Kiambote mama Kikongo (Congo, Angola) [to one person] Kiambote kiaku Kikongo (Congo, Angola) [to several people] Kiambote kieno Kikongo (Cuba) Malembe mpolo Kikongo (Cuba) Malembe yayé Kikongo (Cuba) Malombo Kikongo (Cuba) Mambote Kikongo (Cuba) Matoko lukaya Kikongo (Cuba) Tukaise nguei [Kikongo Ya Leta, see Kituba] Kikuyu(Kenya) Natya Kikuyu (Kenya) Ni kwega Kikuyu (Kenya) [to one person] Wemwega Kikuyu (Kenya) [to more than one person] Muriega Kiluba (Congo) Ke mwinya Kimakonde (Tanzania) Uchidachi Kimakonde (Tanzania) Habari na yelo Kimanda(Tanzania) Monili Kimbolo (Africa) Saita Kimbundu (Africa) Kiambote Kimbundu (Africa) Twatondela Kimeru (Kenya) Uri umwiiga Kinuguja (Africa) Che che Kinyakyusa(Tanzania) Ogonile Kinyamwezi (Tanzania) Mwaadela Kinyamwezi (Tanzania) Haa Kinyaramba (Tanzania) Wiliani Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) [not seen in sev. days] Muraho Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) [morning,seen recently] Mwaramutse Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) [afternoon, seen rec.] Mwiriwe Kinyaturu (Tanzania) Amocha Kiowa (USA) Kui-gwu Kiowa (USA) Day-own-day aim been Kipchak (Russia) Nä tabish bar? Kipchak (Russia) [answer] Tabish yok Kipchak (Russia) [answer] Tabish yoghila Kipemba (Africa) Kibesa Kipsigis (Kenya) Chamegei Kipsigis (Uganda) Chamage Kirghiz (Kyrgyzstan) Salamat sizbe Kirghiz (Kyrgyzstan) [formal] Kandisiz Kirghiz (Kyrgyzstan) [informal] Kandaisen Kirghiz (Kyrgyzstan) [casual, by youth] Kandai Kirghiz (Kyrgyzstan) Salam aleykum Kirghiz (Kyrgyzstan) SalamKiribati (Kiribati Pacific Islands) Mauri Kiribati (Kiribati Pacific Islands)[singul.] Kona mauri Kiribati (Kiribati Pacific Islands)[plural] Kam na mauri Kirundi(Burundi) Bwakeye Kirundi (Burundi) Bwa Kirundi (Burundi) N'amahoro Kirundi (Burundi) [morning, seen recently] Mwaramutse Kirundi (Burundi) [afternoon, seen recently] Miriwe Kirundi (Burundi) [informal] Jakeye Kirundi (Burundi) [lit. may you have herds] Amashyo Kirundi (Burundi) [answer] Amashongore Kisanga (South Congo-Kinshasa) [morning] Mwalangikai Kisanga (South Congo-Kinshasa) [afternoon] Twaimunai Kisanga (South Congo-Kinshasa) [evening] Kyunguloi Kisanga (South Congo-Kinshasa) [answer] Eyo mwane Kiswahili (Southeast Africa) [to man] Habari, bwana Kiswahili (Southeast Africa) [to woman] Habari, bibi Kiswahili (Southeast Africa) [to elder man] Habari, mzee Kiswahili (Southeast Africa) [to elder wom.] Habari, mama Kiswahili (Southeast Africa) [answer] Nzuri Kiswahili (Kenya) [answer] Mzuri Kiswahili (Southeast Africa) [to man] Hujambo, bwana Kiswahili (Southeast Africa) [to woman] Hujambo, bibi Kiswahili (Southeast Africa) [to elder man] Hujambo, mzee Kiswahili (Southeast Africa) [to elder wom.] Hujambo, mama Kiswahili (Southeast Africa) [ans. to 1 man] Sijambo, bwana Kiswahili (Southeast Africa) [answer to men] Sijambo, mabwana Kiswahili (Southeast Africa) [ans. to woman] Sijambo, bibi Kiswahili (Southeast Africa) [ans. to women] Sijambo, mabibi Kiswahili (SE Africa) [answer to elder man] Sijambo, mzee Kiswahili (SE Africa) [ans. to elder woman] Sijambo, mama Kiswahili (Southeast Africa) [to men-plural] Hamjambo, mabwana Kiswahili (Southeast Africa) [to women-pl.] Hamjambo, mabibi Kiswahili (Southeast Africa) [ans to 1 man] Hatujambo, bwana Kiswahili (Southeast Africa) [ans to men-pl] Hatujambo, mabwana Kiswahili (Southeast Africa) [ans to woman] Hatujambo, bibi Kiswahili (Southeast Africa) [ans to wom-pl] Hatujambo, mabibi Kiswahili (Southeast Africa) [in passing] Salama Kiswahili (Southeast Africa) [to elder] Shikamoo Kiswahili (Southeast Africa) [to elder man] Shikamoo mzee Kiswahili (Southeast Africa) [to elder man] Shikamoo baba Kiswahili (Southeast Africa) [to elder wom.] Shikamoo mama Kiswahili (Southeast Africa) [by elders] Marahaba Kiswahili (Southeast Africa) [by Muslims] Asalaamu alekum Kiswahili (Southeast Africa) [answer] Wa alekum salaam Kiswahili (Southeast Africa) [to tourists] Jambo Kiswahili (Southeast Africa) [formal] Jambo sana Kituba (Congo) Mbote Kituba (Congo) [to one person] Mbote na beno Kituba (Congo) [to several people] Mbote na nge Kiwapogoro (Africa) Kiamoka Kizaramo (Tanzania) Kugonaze Klallam (Washington USA) [to p. arriving] Sha shel ?a? chin stáchi Klallam (Washington USA) [it is a good day] ?Éy' skwáchi Klallam (Washington USA) [it is a good day] ?Éy' skwáchi ?áynekw Koasati (Louisiana & Texas USA) Bosó Koasati (Louisiana & Texas USA) [to group] Haciká'nó Koasati (Louisiana & Texas USA) [to one] Ciká'nó Kohistani (Central Asia) Asalaam aleikum Komi-Permyak (Russia) Olat-vöat Komi-Permyak (Russia) [informal] Privyet Komi-Zyrian (Russia) Bidza olannyd Komi-Zyrian (Russia) [informal] Cholöm [Kongo, see Kikongo] Konkani (India) Namaskaaru Konkani (India) Paypadta Korean (Korea) Annyong hashimnikka Korean (Korea) [informal] Annyong haseyo Korean (Korea) [informal] Annyong Koromfe (Burkina Faso) A jebka kibaru Koromfe (Burkina Faso) Ng jebe a baani Koromfe (Burkina Faso) Ng jebe baani Koromfe (Burkian Faso) [answer] A baane jebe Koryak [Maritime Koryak] (Russia) Mej Koryak [Reindeer Koryak] (Russia) Amto Kosraean (Micronesia) Lwen wo Kosraean (Micronesia) Kulo malulo Koyo (Africa) Osegu Koyo (Africa) Ol' Koyukon (Alaska) Dzaanh nezoonh Kpelle (Liberia) Ba ngung Kpelle (Liberia) Ya ngung Kréyòl (French Guyana) A kouman Krio (Sierra Leone) Kushe Kriol (N. Australia)[w. are you coming from] Wijei yu bin kaman? Kriol (N. Australia)[" to more than one] Wijei yumob bin kaman? Kriol (N. Australia)[we've come from...] Mela bin kaman brom... Kukatja (Australia) Nyuntun palya Kumeyaay(Southern California USA, Mexico) Auka Kumeyaay (Southern California USA, Mexico) Howka Kumeyaay (Southern California USA, Mexico) Haawka [Kumiái, see Kumeyaay] Kuna (Panama) Na Kuna (Panama) Nuedí Kuna (Panama) Degitte Kuna (Colombian-Panamanian border region) Na' [Kunggari, seeGunggari] [Kuo Yu, see Mandarin] Kupsapiny (Uganda) [to a man] Supai Kupsapiny (Uganda) [to a woman] Takwenya [Kurdish, see Kurdi] Kurdi (Iraq, Iran) Rozhbash Kurdi (Iraq, Iran) [answer] Bashem Kurukh (India) Gor-lagi [Kutchin, see Gwich'in] Kutthung (Australia) Goojee ik koo Kwakiutl (British Columbia Canada) Gila kasla Kwakiutl (British Columbia Canada) Gilakas'la Kwakiutl (British Columbia Canada) Yoyo [Kwakwaka'wakw, seeKwakiutl] [Kwakwala, see Kwakiutl] Kwanyama (Angola, Namibia) Wa aluka Kwanyama (Angola, Namibia) Mwa aluka Kwaya (Tanzania) Murembe [Kweneecheeaht, seeMakah] Kwere (Tanzania) Walama Kwéyòl(Haiti) Bonjou Kwéyòl (Haiti) [respectful to man] Bonjou msieu Kwéyòl (Haiti) [to a friend] Bonjou konpè-m Kwéyòl (Haiti) Alò Kyangonde (Malawi) Ndaga tiyo Laadi (Congo) KuambiluLacandón (Chiapas Mexico) [to enter a house] Taringrech Lacandón (Chiapas Mexico) [answer= come in] Or ken Ladakhi (Pakistan) Djuley Ladin (Trentino-Alto Adige Italy) Bon diLadino (Israel, Turkey) Shalom Ladino (Israel, Turkey) Shalom alehem Ladino (Israel, Turkey) Buenos dias Ladino (Israel, Turkey) Ke habar Lahu (China, Burma, Thailand) Cheh sha la Lahu (China, Burma, Thailand) Cheh sha-ah laLakhota (Nebraska Dakota & Montana USA) Hau Lakhota (Nebraska Dakota & Montana USA) Onkwáho Lakhota (USA) [by male] Hau, ko'la Lakhota (USA) [by female] Han, mish'ke Lakhota (USA) [good day] Anpetu waste [Laimon, see Cochimí] Lamaholot (Indonesia) Moe genai? Lamaholot (Indonesia) [where are you going?] Moe malaga? Lampung (Indonesia) Api kaba Lango (Uganda, Sudan) Miremba Lani (Irian Jaya Indonesia) Wa Lani (Irian Jaya Indonesia) Nore wa Lao (Laos) Sabaai-dii Lao (Laos) [used if meeting on the street] Pai sai Lao (Laos) [answer] Pai nyaang lmn Lao (Laos) [have you eaten?] Kin khàp lbew baw? Lao (Laos) [accept invitation] Nyang [Lappish, see Saami] Latin (ancient Rome, Vatican) [most proper] Ave Latin (ancient Rome, Vatican) Salve Latin (ancient Rome, Vatican) [to plural] Salvete Latvian (Latvia) Sveiki Latvian (Latvia) [to a man] Sveiks Latvian (Latvia) [to a woman] Sveika Latvian (Latvia) Sveicinats Latvian (Latvia) Labas Lega (Congo-Kinshasa) Samba Lelemi (Ghana) AboLenape [Delaware] (Delaware United States) Hè [Leonese, see Lleonese] Lepcha (India, Nepal, Bhutan) Khámrí [Lholankok, see Sinkyone] [Lifou, seeDrehu] Limbe (Sierra Leone) Wali-wali Lindrou (Papua New Guinea) Ndraben tam, komo asen Lingala (Congo) Mbóte Lingala (Congo) Mbóte na yó Lingala (Lomongo Congo) Losáko Lingua Franca (Mediterranean) Salute Lingua Franca (Mediterranean) Bon dgiorno Lisu (Thailand) Ali nga? Lisu (Thailand) [answer-if you aren't busy] Atdor nat niaq nga Lisu (Thailand) [answer-if you aren't busy] Alshit lil mat yi niaq Lisu (Thailand) [answer-if you are busy] Tei zil mit atkel cat niaq nga Lithuanian (Lithuania) (said to male) Sveikas Lithuanian (Lithuania) (said to female) Sveika Lithuanian (Lithuania) (several people) Sveiki Lithuanian (Lithuania) Labas Lithuanian (Lithuania) [to a man, formal] Sveikas gyvas Lithuanian (Lithuania) [to a woman, formal] Sveika gyva Lithuanian (Lithuania) [to several people] Sveiki gyvi Livonian (Latvia) Terinch Lleonese (Leon Spain) Salú Logang (Uganda) Morembe Loglan (international) Loi Lojban (international) Coi Lokpa (Benin, Togo) Alafiawe [Low German, seePlattdeutsch] Low Saxon (Eastern Friesland) Gode Dag Low Saxon (Eastern Friesland) Goden Dag Low Saxon [Northern] (Germany) Goden Dag Low Saxon [Northern] (Germany) Gouden dag Low Saxon [Northern] (Germany) Dag Low Saxon [Northern] (Germany) [answer] Dag ok Low Saxon [Northern] (Germany) [answer] Dag ouk Low Saxon [Northern] (Germany) Moi Low Saxon [Northern] (Germany) Moin Low Saxon [Northern] (Germany) Moin moin Low Saxon [Westphalian] (Germany) Gueden Dag Lua [T'in] (Thailand) Mah pen si'ee [Luba-Shaba, see Kiluba] [Luba-Kasai, see Tshiluba] Lucumí (Cuba) Oluku mi Ludian (Russia) Hüvä päivä Luganda (Uganda) Otya nno Luganda (Uganda) [morning] Wasizotya nyabo Luganda (Uganda) [morning] Wasuz'otya Luganda (Uganda) [afternoon] Osiibye otya nno Luganda (Uganda) [afternoon] Osiiby'otya Luganda (Uganda) [answer] Bulungi Luganda (Uganda) 'Abaffè Luganda (Uganda) 'Abânge Luganda (Uganda) [informal] Ki kati Luiseño (Southern California USA) Miiyu Luiseño (California USA) [to several people] Miiyuyam Lunda (Zambia, Angola, Congo) Mudi nahi? Lunda (Zambia, Angola, Congo) [answer] Cha chiwahi Lunyankole (Uganda) Osibirega Lunyankole (Uganda) [after absense] Kaizhe buhorogye? Lunyankole (Uganda) [answer] Kaizhe buhoro Lunyankole (Uganda) [by elder] Mphoro Lunyankole (Uganda) [answer] Eh Lunyankole (Uganda) [by child] Erirege Lunyankole (Mbarara South Uganda) [morning] Oreire ota? Lunyankole (Mbarara South Uganda) [morning] Oreiregye? Lunyankole (Mbarara South Uganda) [answer] Ndaire kurungi Lunyankole (Mbarara South Uganda) [aftern.] Osibiregye? Lunyankole (Mbarara South Uganda) [answer] Nsibire kurungi Lunyoro (West Uganda) Mirembe Lunyoro (West Uganda) [morning] Oraire ota? Lunyoro (West Uganda) [afternoon] Osibire ota? Lunyoro (West Uganda) [answer] Kurungi Luritja (Australia) Yawa Luritja (Australia) Wai Lushootseed (Washington State USA) 'I, sya'ya' Lushootseed (Washington State USA) Kwedachi Luo (Kenya, Tanzania) Mirembe Luo (Kenya, Tanzania) Misawa Luo (Kenya, Tanzania) Mesawa Luvale (Zambia) Ngacili? Luvale (Zambia) [answer] Kanawa Luxembourgish (Luxembourg, Germany, France) Moiën Luxembourgish (Luxembourg, Germany, France) Bonjour Luxembourgish (Luxembourg, Germany, France) Gudde Moiën Luxembourgish (Luxembourg, Germany, France) Gudde Mëtteg Lyela (Burkina Faso) [by a guest] A vièlè Lyela (Burkina Faso) [answer] On hon [Maa, seeMaasai] Maasai (Serengeti Kenya, Tanzania) Supa Maasai (Serengeti Kenya, Tanzania) [men] Suba Maasai (Serengeti Kenya, Tanzania) [answer] Suba oleng Maasai (Serengeti Kenya, Tanzania) [women] Ta kwenya Maasai (Serengeti Kenya, Tanzania) [answer] Iko Maasai (Kenya, Tanzania) [to a young woman] Ndito ta kwenya Maasai (Kenya, Tanzania) [to a young woman] Nditho ta kwenya Maasai (Kenya, Tanzania) [to an older woman] Koko ta kwenya Maasai (Kenya, Tanzania) [to a warrior] Morani ta kwenya Maasai (Kenya, Tanzania) [to a young man] Kulalayo ta kwenya Maasai (Kenya, Tanz.) [how are the children] Kasserian ingera Mabuiag (Queensland Australia) [to one] Ni midhikidh Mabuiag (Queensland Australia) [to two] Nipel midhikidh Mabuiag (Queensland Australia) [to three+] Nitha midhikidh Mabuiag (Queensland Australia) [answer] Matha mina Macedonian (Macedonia) Zdravo Macedonian (Macedonia) Dobar den Macedonian (Macedonia) Prijatno Macedonian (Macedonia) [informal] Alo [Machiguenga, see Matsigenka] [Magyar, see Hungarian] Maidu (California USA) HeiMakah (Washington USA) Hooy Makhua (Tanzania) Habaari Makhua (Tanzania) [answer] Salaama Malagasy (Madagascar) Manao ahoana Malagasy (Madagascar) Manao ahoana tompoko Malagasy (Sakalava Madagascar) Salama Malagasy (Sambirano Madagascar) M'bola tsara Malagasy (South and Midwestern Madagascar) Akory anareo Malagasy (Betsimisaraka Madagascar) Akory lahaly Malagasy (Betsileo Madagascar) Tsara madyna Malay (Malaysia, Brunei) Selamat Malay (Malaysia, Brunei) Apa kabar Malay (Malaysia, Brunei) Helo Malayalam (Kerala India) Namaskaram [Maldivian, seeDhivehi] Malinké (Mali) I be di [Maliseet, seePassamaquoddy] Maltese (Malta) Bongu Maltese (Malta) Kifahna Mam (Guatemala) Je'y Mam (Guatemala) Jeyó Mam (Guatemala) Je'ky Mam (Guatemala) Jay Mam (Guatemala) [by a man to a man, inf.] Je'y kraa Mam (Guatemala) [to an older person] Antz tq'ab'a Mam (Guatemala) [to an older man] Antz tq'ab'a taat Mam (Guatemala) [to a visiter] Maa' tzuula b'eetal Mam (Guatemala) [to a man] Buenos diias, taat Mam (Guatemala) [to a woman] Buenos diias, naan Mambwe (Tanzania, Zambia) Mwapoli mukwai Mambwe (Tanzania, Zambia) Mwalya mwina Mambwe (Tanzania, Zambia) [to p. working] Mwalima mukwai Mambwe (Tanzania, Zambia) [answer] Ta Mambwe (Tanzania, Zambia) [answer] Kalombo Mambwe (Tanzania, Zambia) [answer] Endi mukwai Mambwe (Tanzania, Zambia) [after journey] Welini kweneko Mambwe (Tanzania, Zambia) [returning hunter] Mwalulyata Mambwe (Tanzania, Zambia) [hunter or fisher] Wamba Mampruli (Ghana) [morning] Dasuba Manchu (China) Ei [Manda, see Kimanda] Mandan (United States) NawahMandarin (China) [Guoyu, Putonghua] Nî hâo Mandarin [Guoyu, Putonghua] (China) [formal] Nín hâo Mandarin (China) [many people] Nîmen hâo Mandinka (West Africa) [to one person] I be ñaading Mandinka (West Africa) [to several people] Al be ñaading Mandinka (West Africa) [to one person] I be di Mandinka (West Africa) [to several people] Al be di Mandinka (West Africa) [to one person] I ne ke Mandinka (West Africa) [to several people] Al ne ke Mandinka (West Africa) [to one person] I tiina Mandinka (West Africa) [to several people] Al tiina Mandinka (West Africa) Kayira be Mandinka (West Africa) Ge iwurara Mangareva (French Polynesia) Ena koe Mangareva (French Polynesia) [answer] A koe noti Mangareva (French Polynesia) Kia purotu koe Mangareva (French Polynesia) Aroha Manggarai (Indonesia) [where are you going?] Ngonia? Maninka (Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone) Mesect Maninka (Guinea, Liberia, S.Leon) [aftern.] Mesomme [Manipuri, see Meithei] Manyika [Hungwe] (Zimbabwe) Kaziwa Manyika (Zimbabwe, Mozambique) Kaiwa Manx (Britain) Laa mie Manx (Britain) Failt erriu Manx (Britain) Dy bannee dhyt Manx (Britain) Ta shiu cheet Manx (Britain) Kys t'ou Manx (Britain) [to several people] She nyn mea diu ooilley Maohi (French Polynesia) Ia orana Maori (New Zealand) [to one person] Tena koe Maori (New Zealand) [to two people] Tena korua Maori (New Zealand) [to three or more] Tena koutou Maori (New Zealand) Kia ora Maori (Cook Islands) Kia orana Maori (Cook Islands) [peace] Kia 'au [Mapuche, seeMapudungun] Mapudungun (Chile, Argentina) Mari mari Mapudungun (Chile, Argentina)[after absense] Fütá kuyfí Mapudungun (Chile, Argentina) Foche Marathi (Maharashtra India) Namaskar Marathi (Maharashtra India) Namaste Marathi (Maharashtra India) [informal] Kasa-kaayh Mari [Hill Mari] (Russia) Pury kechy Mari [Hill Mari] (Russia) [morning] Pury irok Mari [Hill Mari] (Russia) [evening] Pury vady Mari [Meadow Mari] (Russia) Salam liyzhe Mari [Meadow Mari] (Russia) Poro kéch'e Mari [Meadow Mari] (Russia) [morning] Poro er Mari [Meadow Mari] (Russia) [evening] Poro kás Mari [Meadow Mari] (Russia) [how are you?] Kuze ílet? [Maringe, see Cheke Holo] Marquesan (French Polynesia) Kaoha Marquesan (French Polynesia) Kaoha nui Marshallese (Marshal Islands, Nauru) Yokwe yuk Marshallese (Marshal Islands, Nauru) Yokwe Marshallese (Marshal Islands, Nauru) Yokwe yokwe [Masai, see Maasai] Mashi (Eastern Congo-Kinshasa) Asinge Masongo (Ethiopia) Maram bouga Masongo (Ethiopia) [answer] Ay nandejoua Matisa (Namibia) Damara Matsikenka(Peru) Aiñovi Matsigenka (Peru) Aiñompi Matsigenka (Peru) [answer] Aiñona Matsigenka (Peru) [where are you going?] Néga pijáque? Matsigenka (Peru) [answer: I'm visiting you] Naniáquemíni Maué (Brazil) Enodac Maué (Brazil) Awãe aiko [Maure, seeHassaniya] [Mayan, see Achí,Aguacateco, Acateco,Chortí, Chuj, Ixil,Jacalteco, Kanjobal,Kekchi, Lacandon, Mam,Mopán Maya, Pocomchí,Quiché, Tzotzil, andYucateco] [Mayangna, see Panamahka] Mazahua (Mexico) Jyasmä Mazahua (Mexico) Jyasmäji Mazahua (Mexico) Jyas'u Mazatec (Oaxaca and Veracruz Mexico) 'Ntano Mbeere (Kenya) Na atia [Mbisu, see Bisu] Mehináku (Xingü Park Brazil) Pitsupai Mehináku (Xingü Park Brazil) [answer] NatupaiMeithei (India, Bangladesh, Myanmar) Karam touri Mekwengo (Uganda) Mirembe Mende (Sierra Leone) Bua Mende (Sierra Leone) Bianaoh Mende (Sierra Leone) Ndiamo, biwa Mende (Sierra Leone) Ah wanna-e? Menomini (Wisconsin USA) A:neE na:p Meriam Mir (Australia, Papua New Guinea) Nako manali? Meriam Mir (Australia, PNG) [answer] Sikakanali [Meru, see Kimeru] [Meto, seeDawan] [Mfantse, see Fante] Miami (Indiana & Oklahoma USA) Aya aya Miami (Indiana & Oklahoma USA) [to a friend] Aya aya niihka [Miao, see Hmong Daw andHmong Njua] Miccosukee (Florida USA) Che hun ta moMien (Laos, Thailand) Yiem longx Mien (Laos, Thailand) Yiem longx nyei Mien (Laos, Thailand) Yiem longx nyei fai Mien (Laos, Thailand) Ov, meih daaih orh Mien (Vietnam) Puang toi Mikmaq (Canada) Kwé Milanese [Lombard] (Milan Italy) Saludi Milanese [Lombard] (Milan Italy) Reverissi Min Dong [Fuchou] (China) Eh ho meh Min Nam [Chaoshou] (China) Ho mo Min Nam [Hokkien] (Singapore, Indonesia) Jia ba liao buay Min Nam [Hokkien] (Singapore, Indonesia) Ho bo Min Nam [Hokkien] (Taiwan) Li ho Min Nam [Hokkien] (Taiwan) Chiah pa bue Min Nam [Hokkien] (Taiwan) Chiah-tau iah bue Min Nam [Hokkien] (Taiwan) Peng an Min Nam [Hokkien] (Taiwan) Chiáh-tàu iáh boë Minangkabau (West Sumatra Indonesia) Haloo Minangkabau (West Sumatra Indonesia) Baa kaba Mingo (Canada, USA) Skênö Mingo (Canada, USA) Hae' Mingo (Canada, USA) Hau' Mingo (Canada, USA) [informal] Kuwe Mískito (Nicaragua, Honduras) Nak'sa Mískito (Nicaragua, Honduras) Nahki sa Mitchif (North Dakota USA, Canada) Tawnshi Mitchif (North Dakota USA, Canada) Boonzhoor Mixe (Oaxaca Mexico) Za jiatzy Mixe (Oaxaca Mexico) [at a house] Estagai yépsna Mixe (Oaxaca Mexico) [meeting on the road] Hana beáktenMixtec (Chalcatongo Mexico) [morning] Tàníndi Mixtec (Chalcatongo Oaxaca Mexico) [morning] Tándi Mixtec (Magdalena Pe�asco Oaxaca Mexico) Taondi Mixtec (Magdalena Pe�asco Mexico) [answer] Taondimbaa Mixtec (Sta. Catarina Estetla Mex.) [morning]Kobaadín Mixtec (Sta. Catarina Estetla Mex.) [answer] Kobadiátu Mixtec (Xicay´n Mexico) Taniku Mixtec (Xicay´n Mexico) Ta'áníku Mixtec (Xicay´n Mexico) Káa Ndioxi yúu yóo [Mixteco Bajo, see Ñuiñe] [Mohawk, seeKanienkehaka] Mohegan (Eastern USA) Aquai Mohegan (Eastern USA) Quin'a moth'a [Mohican, seeMohegan] [Mokpwe, see Bakweri] Moksha (Russia) Shumbrat Mon (Myanmar, Thailand) Mangera 7aw Monégasque (Monaco) Bon giurnu [Mong, see Hmong Daw andHmong Njua] Mongo-Nkundu (Congo-Kinshasha) Losáko Mongolian (Mongolia, N China) Sain baina uu Mono (California USA) Maná hu Mòoré (Burkina Faso) Kibaare Mòoré (Burkina Faso) [to a person working] Ne y tuuma Mòoré (Burkina Faso) [to a person walking] Ne y kenji Mòoré (Burkina Faso) [morning] Yibeogo kibaare? Mòoré (Burkina Faso) [morning] Yibeogo yaa laafi? Mòoré (Burkina Faso) [morning] Yibeogo kiema? Mòoré (Burkina Faso) [afternoon] Zaabre kibaare? Mòoré (Burkina Faso) [afternoon] Zaabre yaa laafi? Mòoré (Burkina Faso) [afternoon] Zaabre kiema? Mòoré (Burkina Faso) [answer] Laafi Mòoré (Burkina Faso) [answer] Laafibeme Mòoré (Burkina Faso) [answer] Laafibala Mopán Maya(Guatemala) Dioos Mordvin (Russia) Shumbrat Mordvin (Russia) [informal] Syukprya Morisyen (Mauritius) Ki m anieère? Morisyen (Mauritius) [answer] Mon byen, mersi [Mossi, seeMòoré] Motu (Papua New Guinea) Dina namona Mpi (Thailand) Na hà yé? Mpi (Thailand) [answer by person visiting] Ngó só í he Mpongwe (Gabon) Mbolo Mura (Brazil) Kauan Muskogee(Oklahoma & Florida USA) Estonko Muskogee (Oklahoma & Florida USA) Hescha Muskogee (Oklahoma & Florida USA) Hesci Muskogee (Oklahoma & Florida USA) Hessi Muskogee (Oklahoma & Florida USA) Hensci Muskogee (Oklahoma USA) Hërs'cë Mutsun (California USA) Pasip-inyi [Mvskoke, seeMuskogee] [Ñähñu, see Hñähñu] [Náhuat, see Pipil] Náhuatl (Mexico, El Salvador) Niltze Náhuatl (Mexico, El Salvador) [good day] Cualli tonalli Náhuatl (Mexico, El Salvador) [good day] Cualli tonaltin Náhuatl (Tepoztlan Mexico) [good day] Cualli motonalli Náhuatl (Mexico, El Salvador) Tlathuil Náhuatl (Puebla Mexico) Mopanolti Náhuatl (Puebla Mexico) Mopanoltihtzino Náhuatl (Veracruz Mexico) Piali Náhuatl (Veracruz Mexico) Piale Náhuatl (Veracruz Mexico) [to male] Pial tate Náhuatl (Veracruz Mexico) [female] Pial nane Náhuatl (Guerrero Mexcio) [on street] Kän tiaw Náhuatl [Aztec Empire] Niltze Náhuatl [Aztec Empire] [to person arriving] Otiquihiyohuih Náhuatl [Aztec Empire] [to person sitting] Tla ximehuiltihtiecan Nakota (North America) [by male] Hau Nakota (North America) [by female] Han Nakota (North America) [to a friend by male] Hau kona Nama (Namibia) !Gâi tsés Nama (Namibia) Matisa ti axaro Nandi (East Africa) Chamgei Nandi (East Africa) [elder to younger man] Sopai Nandi (East Africa) [reply to elder by y.m.] Takwenya Nandi (East Africa) [younger to elder man] Epa Nandi (East Africa) [elder to young woman] Takwenya Nandi (East Africa) [younger to elder woman] Igo Nandi (East Africa) [man to woman] Takwenya, chepioso-chu Nandi (East Africa) [woman to man] Takwenya, murén-ju Nandi (East Africa) [woman to young boy] Sopai Nandi (East Africa) [reply by young boy] Takwenya Nandi (East Africa) [man to young girl] Takwenya Nandi (East Africa) [reply by young girl] Igo Navajo (Southwestern United States) Yá'át'ééh Navajo (SW United States) [to older man] Yá'át'ééh shicheii Navajo (SW United States) [to older woman] Yá'át'ééh shimá Navajo (SW United States) [to older woman] Yá'át'ééh shimá yázhí Navajo (SW United States) [to younger man] Yá'át'ééh shiyáázh Navajo (SW United States) [to young child] Yá'át'ééh shitsóí Navajo (SW United States) [to young child] Yá'át'ééh sitsóí [Nawat, seePipil] Naxi (Yunnan China) Al la'laq lei Ndebele (Zimbabwe) [singular] Sawubona Ndebele (Zimbabwe) [plural] Salibonani Ndebele (Zimbabwe) [respectful] Salubonani Ndebele (Zimbabwe) [reply] Yebo Ndebele (Zimbabwe) Lotjani Ndebele (Zimbabwe) Lotsha Ndebele (Zimbabwe) [afternoon] Litshonile Ndebele (Zimbabwe) [plural] Relotshitse Ndjuka (Suriname) U miti oo [Ndo, see Kebu] Ndonga (Namibia) Ongeipi kaume [Nederlands, see Dutch] Nenets (Russia) Andorovo Nenets (Russia) Nani torova [Neo-Aramaic, see Assyrianand Chaldean] Nepali (Nepal, India) [polite] Namaskaar Nepali (Nepal, India) Namaste Newari (Nepal, India) Jojo-lapa Newari (Nepal, India) Namaste Newari (Nepal, India) Mahphulaa Ngaanyatjarra (Australia) [sun-side moiety] Yiparrka Ngaanyatjarra (Australia) [sun-side moiety] Panaka Ngaanyatjarra (Australia) [sun-side moiety] Tjarurru Ngaanyatjarra (Australia)[shade-side moiety] Milangka Ngaanyatjarra (Australia)[shade-side moiety] Karimarra Ngaanyatjarra (Australia)[shade-side moiety] Purungu [Ngala, seeLingala] Ngalkbon (Australia) Nyale Ngambay (Chad) Láphìa Ngambay (Chad) [answer] Láphìa ya Ngambay (Chad) LàlééNganasan (Siberia Russia) Doroba Ngiyampaa (Australia) Yamakarra Ngizim (Nigeria) Úsài Ngumba (Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea) Mirembe Nicobarese (Nicobar) Ho Nias (Indonesia) JahowuNigerian Pidgin (Nigeria) How now Nimo (Papua New Guinea) Nena wenao Niue (Niue Island) Fakaalofa atu Niue (Niue Island) [to two people] Fakaalofa atu ki a mua Niue (Niue Island) [to a small group] Fakaalofa atu ki a mutolu Niue (Niue Island) [to a large group] Fakaalofa atu ki a mutolu oti Niue (Niue Island) [informal] Koe kia Njebi (Gabon) Mbolo Njebi (Gabon) [answer] Mm, mbolo Njebi (Gabon) Wemasoga [Nokhchiin, see Chechen] Nominapetu (Puluwat Micronesia) Etowi Norwegian [Nynorsk] (Norway) Goddag Norwegian [Bokmaal] (Norway) Hei Norwegian [Bokmaal] (Norway) Heisann Norwegian [Bokmaal] (Norway) God dag Norwegian [Bokmaal] (Norway) Morn Norwegian [Bokmaal] (Norway) Hallo Norwegian [Nordmørsk] (Norway) Goddág Norwegian [Nordmørsk] (Norway) Goddàjen Norwegian [Nordmørsk] (Norway) [reply; old] Sing Gú Norwegian [Nordmørsk] (Norway) [old] Godt mót Norwegian [Nordmørsk] (Norway) [reply] Godt mót att Norwegian [Nordmørsk] (Norway) [informal] Hêia Norwegian [Nordmørsk] (Norway) [informal] Hæia Norwegian [Nordmørsk] (Norway)[to p.working] Síng ârbeia Norwegian [Bergensk] (Bergen Norway) Halloen Norwegian [Sortlandsk] (Sortland Norway) Go'da Norwegian [Sortlandsk] (Sortland Norway) Ka farsken, e det du? Ntomba (Congo-Kinshasha) Ómwá Ntomba (Congo-Kinshasha) Bómwá Ntomba (Congo-Kinshasha) Losako Nubi (Kenya, Uganda) Maskagna Nuer (Sudan) Male magua Ñuiñe [Mixteco Bajo](Mexico)[child to adult] Ke'ém Ñuiñe [Mixteco Bajo](Mexico)[adult to adult] Xna Ñuiñe [Mixteco Bajo](Mexico) A'eyo Nukuoro (Micronesia) Danuaa Nukuoro (Micronesia) [to a group] Danuaa goodou alodahi Nupe (Africa) Okú [Ñuu Savi, see Mixtec] Nuxalk (Canada) Yaw Nuxalk (Canada) [hello friends] Yaw smatmc [Nyakyusa, seeKinyakyusa] [Nyamwezi, see Kinyamwezi] [Nyankore, see Lunyankole] [Nyaturu, seeKinyaturu] [Occitan, see Provencaland Gascon] Ofo (Mississippi Valley USA) He' ha [Oirat, see Kalmyk] Ojibwe (USA, Canada)Aaniin Ojibwe (USA, Canada) Aanii Ojibwe (USA, Canada) Boozhoo Okanagan (Montana USA) Way' Okanagan (Montana USA) Xast sxelx'ált Okanagan (Montana USA) Way' xast sxelx'ált Okavango (Namibia) Mazwara [Oluta, see Popoluca] Oneida (Ontario Canada, Northeastern USA) Sekoli Oneida (Ontario Canada, Northeastern USA) Sheko:li Oriya (India, Bangladesh) Kemitee choo Oriya (India, Bangladesh) Namaskar Oromo (Kenya, Somalia) Ashshaamad'd'a Oromo (Kenya, Somalia) Ashamaa Ossetian (Georgia) Salam Ossetian (Georgia) Arfæ Otetela (Central Congo-Kinshasa) Moyo [Otomí, see Hñähñu] Ovambo (Namibia) Oyampi (Brazil) morning] Oateponeko'e Nawa Pa'ikwene (Amazon) [to an older man] Aitné kívyé Pa'ikwene (Amazon) [to an older woman] Aitné kívúno Pa'ikwene (Amazon) [to one person] Ai kam Pa'ikwene (Amazon) [to several people] Ai ka Pa'ikwene (Amazon) [response by a man] Ahadjé Pa'ikwene (Amazon) [response by a woman] Ihi Pa'ikwene (Amazon) Yaba Pa'ikwene (Amazon) [response] Koh Pa'ikwene (Amazon) Ba pi ai? Pa'ikwene (Amazon) [response] Ihi, nah ai Pa'ikwene (Amazon) Baiahee Pa'ikwene (Amazon) [response] IheePaipai (Baja California Mexico) Auka Paipai (S. California USA , B.C. Mexico) Awka Paipai (S. California, B.C. Mexico) [reply] 'Awlika Paipai (S. California USA , B.C. Mexico) Nyumkjkye Paiute (Nevada USA) [I am your friend] Tu-cubin-noonie Paiute (Nevada USA) [reply] Noonie-tu-cubin Paiute (Nevada USA) [answer to respondant] Iooie, iooie Paiute (Nevada USA) [hello friend] Mike-tu-cubin Paiute (Owens Valley California USA) Manahóo Paiwan (Taiwan) Aianga sun [Pakistani, see Farsi] Palaun (Palau) Alii Palaun (Palau) Alii, kauangerang Pali (India) [morning] Suppabhaatam te Pali (India) Sundara poeto [Pampangan, see Kapampangan] Panamahka (Nicaragua) Parastah Pangasinan (Philippines) Masantós a kabuasán Pangasinan (Philippines) Maabig ya kabuasán Pangasinan (Philippines) Masantós ya agew Pangasinan (Philippines) [to a group] Masantós ya agew ed sikayo Pangasinan (Philippines) [to a group] Maabig ya kabuasán ed sicayon [Panjabi, see Punjabi] Papiamentu (Dutch Antilles, Aruba) Kon ta bai Papiamentu (Dutch Antilles, Aruba) Bon dia Paricuru (Brazil) Aitniê Pashto (Afghanistan, Pakistan) Senga yai Pashto (Afghanistan, Pakistan) Assalam u alaikum Pashto (Afghanistan, Pakistan) [reply] Wa alaikum ussalamPassamaquoddy (Maine USA, New Bruns. Canada) Tan kahk Paugusett (USA) Saygo Pende (Congo) Moyo Pende (Congo) Wabanda [Penobscot, see Abenaki] [Peskotomuhkatiyik, seePassamaquoddy] Phorhépecha (Michoacán Mexico) Nári jámashaki Phorhépecha (Michoacán Mexico) Jéndi Phorhépecha (Michoacán Mexico) Nashki Phorhépecha (Michoacán Mexico) Nark Phorhépecha (Michoacán Mexico) Tsé Phorhépecha (Michoacán Mexico) Jéndi tsé [Pidgin English, see Nigerian Pidgin, Pijin and Tok Pisin]Pijin (Solomon Islands) [to one person] Halo Pijin (Solomon Islands) [to two people] Halo tufala Pijin (Solomon Islands) [to three people] Halo trifala Pijin (Solomon Islands) [to more than three] Halo olketa Pijin (Solomon Islands) [to a friend] Halo fren Pijin (Solomon Islands) [to a friend] Halo mafren [Pikanii, see Blackfoot] Pipil (El Salvador) Yehyek tunal Pipil (El Salvador) Bwenas dias Pitjantjatjara (South Australia) Wai Pitjantjatjara (South Australia) Wai palya Pitkern (Pitcairn Island) Wut-a-way youPlattdeutsch (N. Germany, Ostfriesland) Moin Plattdeutsch (N. Germany, Nordfriesland) Moin moin Plattdeutsch (Münster Germany) Goden Dag Plattdeutsch (Münster Germany) Schönen goden Dag ok Plattdeutsch (Germany) G'n dach [Plautdietsch, seePlattdeutsch] Pocomchí (Guatemala) [to man] C'alen jau Pocomchí (Guatemala) [to woman] C'alen tut Pohnpeian (Micronesia) Kaselehlia Pohnpeian (Micronesia) [formal] Kaselehlia maing Pohnpeian (Micronesia) [informal] Kaselel [Police Motu, see Hiri Motu] Polish (Poland) Dzien dobry Polish (Poland) [familiar] Czesc Polish (Poland) Czolem Polish (Poland) Serwus Pomak (Greece, Bulgaria, Turkey) Merhaba Pomo (California USA) Pasip-inyi Popoluca (Veracruz Mexico) Chu'xmooy'e Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) Olá Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) [informal] Oi Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) [informal] Como vai Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) [informal] Tudo bem Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil) [informal] Tudo bom Potawatomi (USA, Ontario Canada) Hau Potawatomi (USA, Ontario Canada) Ahaw Potawatomi (USA, Ontario Canada) Nijena Potawatomi (USA, Canada) [meet for 1st time] Bozho Provencal (France) Adiu Provencal (France) Adieu Provencal (France) Bon jorn Provencal (France) [formal] Adieussiatz Provencal (France) [afternoon] Bon vèspre Prussian (Prussia) Kâils [Pulaar, see Fulani] Puluwat (Micronesia) [good morning] Nesor állim Punjabi(India) [greeting used by Sikhs] Sat siri akal Punjabi (Pakistan, India) [by Sikhs] Sat sri akal Punjabi (Pakistan, India) [by Sikhs] Sat sri akal je Punjabi (Pakistan, India) [by Muslims] Asslaam alaikam Punjabi (Pakistan, India) [reply] Vaalaikam asslaam Punjabi (Pakistan, India) [by Hindus] Namaste Punu(Gabon) Um bolo Punu (Gabon) Maram bouga Punu (Gabon) [answer] Ay nandejoua [Purépecha, see Phorhépecha] Puyuma (Taiwan) 'Inavau [Q'anjob'al, seeKanjobal] Quechua Ancashino (Ancash Peru) Winchis Quechua Ayacuchano (Ayacucho Peru) Rimaykullayki Quechua Boliviano (Bolivia) Imaynalla Quechua Cochabambino (Bolivia) [afternoon] Allin sukha Quechua Cuzqueño (Cuzco Peru) Allillanchu? Quechua Cuzqueño [answer to Allillanchu] Allillanmi Quechua Cuzqueño (Cuzco Peru) Napaykullayki Quechua Cuzqueño (Cuzco Peru) Napaykuyin Quechua Cuzqueño (Cuzco Peru) [informal] RaphiQuiché (Guatemala) [formal] Chila jukla Quiché (Guatemala) [to man] Sakaric, tat Quiché (Guatemala) [to man] Säqärik, tata'ib Quiché (Guatemala) [to woman] Sakaric, nan Quiché (Guatemala) [to woman] Säqärik, nana'ib Quichua (Ecuador) [good day] Alli punzha Quichua (Ecuador) [good day] Alli puncha Quichua (Ecuador) Causanquichu? Quichua (Ecuador) [when entering a house] Mincachihuai Rakhin (Myanmar) Nay kaung pha laa? Rapanui (Easter Island) 'Iorana Rapanui (Easter Island) Pehe koe Rapanui (Easter Island) Aroha [Raramuri, see Tarahumara] [Rarotongan, see Maori (Cook Islands)] [Rennellese, see Bellonese] Resígaro (Peru) Hidéheehú Réunion Creole French (Réunion) Oté [Rikpa, see Bafia] Rohingya (Myanmar) Ken ahsaw? Rohingya (Myanmar) [answer] Balah aasee Romani [Kalderash] (Central Europe)[to one] Dobroj tut Romani [Kalderash] (Central Europe)[to one] Dobroj tu Romani [Kalderash] (Central Europe)[plural] Dobroj tume Romani [Sinte] (Central Europe) Devlesa avilan Romani [Sinte] (Central Europe) [answer] Devlesa araklam tume Romani [Sinte] (Central Europe) Sastimos Romani [Sinte] (Central Europe) Sastipé Romani [Sinte] (Central Europe) Lasho des Romani [Sinte] (Central Europe) Droboy tume Romani [Sinte] (Central Europe) [answer] Nais tuke Romani [Sofia Erli] (Bulgaria) Lachshí tí yavin Romani [Sliven] (Bulgaria) Bahtali ti avin Romani [Vlax] (Central Europe) Ej Romani [standardized] (Central Europe) Yov sasti Romani [Gitano] (Spain) Hálo Romani [Gitano] (Spain) Mey Romani [Gitano] (Colombia) Sarmai san Romanian (Romania) Bunã Romanian (Romania) Bunã ziua Romanian (Romania) Salut Romanian (Romania) Noroc Romansch (Switzerland) Allegra Romansch (Switzerland) Alligra Romansch (Switzerland) [colloquial] Ciao Romansch (Switzerland) [good day] Bun di Ron (Nigeria) Cala Rotuman (Rotuma Fiji) Noa'ia Rotuman (Rotuma Fiji) Noa'ia 'e mauri Rukai (Taiwan) Muadinga diangi su [Rumauntsch, seeRomansch] [Runasimi, see Quechua] [Rundi, see Kirundi] Russian (Russia) Zdravstvuite Russian (Russia) [informal] Zdravstvui Russian (Russia) [informal] Zdorovo Russian (Russia) [informal] Privet Rutoro (Uganda) Oly ota? Rutoro (Uganda) Amakurru? Rutoro (Uganda) [reply] Arungi Saami[Davvi] (Scandinavia) Buorre beaivi Saami [Davvi] (Scandinavia) [reply] Ipmel atti Saami [Davvi] (Norway) [reply] Ibmel atti Saami [Davvi] (Scandinavia) Buurist Saami [Davvi] (Scandinavia) Buores Saami [Davvi] (Scandinavia) Bures Saami [Davvi] (Scandinavia) Dearvva Saami [Inari] (Finland) Tierva Saami [Skolt] (Finland, Russia) Tiõrv Saami [Skolt] (Finland, Russia) Tiõrv, tiõrv Saami (Norway) Buerie biejjie [Saame, see Saami] Saanich (North America) [to call attention] Chene Saanich (North America) [lit. there you are] Shxw'ele' shkwche' Saisiat (Taiwan) Suukatahy Sakai (Kerbu Malaysia) Nâhyé Sakai (Sungai Raya Malaysia) Tabé Sakai (Ulu Pahang Malaysia) Tabek Sakao (Vanuatu) [when not stopping] Tyavwar o Sakao (Vanuatu) [where are you going?] Ge, i mge ye? Sakao (Espiritu Santo Island Vanuatu)[morn.] Segren vogvog [Sami, see Saami] Samoan (Samoa) [haven't seen in a while] Talofa Samoan (Samoa) [haven't seen in a while] Talofa lava Samoan (Samoa) [formal to a group of men] Kalofa ali'i Samoan (Samoa) [informal] Malo Samoan (Samoa) Feofoofoa'iga Sango (Central African Republic) Bara ala kwe Sango (Central African Republic) Balao Sango (Central African Republic) Mbote Sanskrit (India) Namo namah Sanskrit (India) SusvAgataM Sara (Chad) Dabanyoa Saramaccan (Suriname) [to a woman] Tía Saramaccan (Suriname) I weki nö Saramaccan (Suriname) I dë nö Saramaccan (Suriname) Nááfu Sardinian (Italy) Bonas dies Sarnami (Suriname, Holland) [Hindu] Namaste Sarnami (Suriname, Holland) [Hindu] Paalagie Sarnami (Suriname, Holland) [Hindu] Raam raam Sarnami (Suriname, Holland) [Muslim] Salaam Sarnami (Suriname, Holland) [Muslim] Salaam waleikoem Sasak (Indonesia) Selamat siang Sasak (Indonesia) [where are you going?] Mb´ yam laé? Savonian (Ylä-Savo Finland) Hyvvee päevee Savonian (Ylä-Savo Finland) Heehee Scots (Scotland) [morning] Guid mornin Scots (Scotland) [afternoon] Guid efternuin Scots (Scotland) [evening] Guid eenin Scottish Gaelic (Scotland) Madainn mhath Scottish Gaelic (Scotland) Hallo Sema (India) Akevishi an'kya Sema (India) [answer] Akevishiani Sena (Malawi) Kaziwa Seneca (USA, Ontario Canada) Se'kon [Seneca [Ohio Iroquois], see Mingo] Senoufo (Côte d'Ivoire, Mali) [morning] Foyena Senoufo (Côte d'Ivoire, Mali) [evening] ChangwanaSepedi (South Africa) Dumela Sepedi (South Africa) Thobela Serbian (Bosnia, Yugoslavia) Zdravo Serbian (Bosnia, Yugoslavia) Dobar dan Serrere (Senegal, Gambia) Ndio ko yongSeselwa (Seychelles) Bonzour Seselwa (Seychelles) [good afternoon] Bon apremidi Sesotho (Lesotho) Lumela Sesotho (Lesotho) [to several people] Lumelang Sesotho (Lesotho) [elder man] Lumela ntate Sesotho (Lesotho) [elder woman] Lumela 'me Sesotho (Lesotho) [equal man] Lumela abuti Sesotho (Lesotho) [equal woman] Lumela ausi Sesotho (Lesotho) [peace] Khotso Sesotho (Lesotho) [to several people] Khotsong Sesotho (Lesotho) [elder man] Khotso ntate Sesotho (Lesotho) [elder woman] Khotso 'me Sesotho (Lesotho) [equal man] Khotso abuti Sesotho (Lesotho) [equal woman] Khotso ausi Sesotho (South Africa) Dumela Sesotho (South Africa) [to several people] Dumelang Sesotho (South Africa) [elder man] Dumela ntate Sesotho (South Africa) [elder woman] Dumela 'me Sesotho (South Africa) [equal man] Dumela abuti Sesotho (South Africa) [equal woman] Dumela ausi Sesotho (South Africa) [peace] Kgotso Sesotho (South Africa) [to several people] Kgotsong Sesotho (South Africa) [elder man] Kgotso ntate Sesotho (South Africa) [elder woman] Kgotso 'me Sesotho (South Africa) [equal man] Kgotso abuti Sesotho (South Africa) [equal woman] Kgotso ausi Sesotho (South Africa) Helele Sesotho (South Africa) HaiSetswana (Botswana, South Africa) (to man) Dumela rra Setswana (Botswana, South Africa) (to woman) Dumela mma Setswana (Botswana, South Africa) Dumela Setswana (Botswana, South Africa) Kgotso Setu (Southern Estonia) Tereh Shambaa (Tanzania) [morning] Onga mahundo Shambaa (Tanzania) [answer] Ni vedi, hangize wako Shambaa (Tanzania) [afternoon and evening] Onga mshi [Shangaan, see Tsonga] Shanghai (Shanghai China) Non ho Shelta (Ireland, USA) [old; no longer used] Buri talosk Sherpa [Helambu] (Nepal, Tibet) Tashi delek Sherpa [Solu] (Nepal, Tibet) Tashi delek Shimasiwa (Comoros) Salama Shimasiwa (Comoros) [good day] Bariza Shimasiwa (Comoros) [response] M'bona Shimwali (Moheli Island Comoros) Habari Shina (Pakistan, India) Asalam aleykum Shina (Pakistan, India) Ala Shingazidja (Grand Comore Island Comoros) Ufanyihadjei Shingazidja (Grand Comore Island Comoros) Barza Shinzuani (Anjouan Island Comoros) Jeje Shipibo(Peru) Johué Shipibo (Peru) [morning] Jacón yaméquiri [Shona, see Chishona] Shor (Russia) Ezen Shor (Russia) Ezenok Shor (Russia) Ezenner Shoshoni (Western USA) Haa Shoshoni (Western USA) Tsaangu beaichehku Shuar (Ecuador, Peru) Pujamek Shuar (Ecuador, Peru) [reply] Pujajai Shuar (Ecuador, Peru) Wiñámek Shuar (Ecuador, Peru) [reply] Ée wiñájai Shuar (Ecuador, Peru) [where are you going?] Tuí wéam? Shuri (Okinawa Japan) [may I come in?] Chaabira sai? Shuri (Okinawa Japan) [welcome, come in] Mensooree Shuswap (Canada) Yeytk Shuswap (Canada) Weytk Sicilian (Sicily Italy) Sa'benerica Sicilian (Sicily Italy) Prontu Siglit Inuvialulktum (Canada) Aganna Silozi (Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana)[morn.] Muzuhile cwani Silozi (Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana)[aftern.] Mutozi cwani Sindhi (India, Pakistan) Salam Sindhi (India, Pakistan) Kehro hal aahei Sinhala (Sri Lanka) Ayubowan Sinhala (Sri Lanka) Aaybovan Sinhala (Sri Lanka) Koheede yanne Sinhala (Sri Lanka) [informal] Kohamede Sinhala (Sri Lanka) [answer] Vaaredak nhe Sinkyone (California USA) Ninsuk koontcun nalkoo'n Sinkyone (California USA) Yein yac [Sioux, see Dakota and Lakhota]Siswati (Swaziland) ["I see you"] Sawubona Siswati (Swaizland) [to several people] Sanibona Siswati (Swaziland) [informal] Yebo [Skicinuwatuwewakon, seePassamaquoddy] Slavey (Canada) See-a Slovak (Slovakia) Dobrý den Slovak (Slovakia) Ahoj Slovak (Slovakia) Nazdar Slovenian (Slovenia) [said to man] Pozdravljeni Slovenian (Slovenia) [said to woman] Pozdravljena Slovenian (Slovenia) Zhivjo Slovenian (Slovenia) Zdravo Soga (Uganda) Balio Solresol (old; international) Ti Me Somali (Somalia, Ethiopia) Maalim wanaqsan Somali (Somalia, Ethiopia) Iska waran Somali (Somalia, Ethiopia) Nabat Somali (Somalia, Ethiopia) Nabadeey Somali (Somalia, Ethiopia) Kelmad laysku salaamo Somali (Somalia, Ethiopia) Salama calaykum Somali (Somalia, Ethiopia) Maxad shegtay Somali (Somalia, Ethiopia) See tahay Sömañ (Malaysia) Tabé Soninke (Mali, Senegal, Cóte d'Ivoire) Angujam Soninke (Mali, Senegal, Cóte d'Ivoire) Oh moho Soninke (Mali, Senegal, Cóte d'Ivoire) Beeta Sorbian [Upper Sorbian] (eastern Germany) Dobry dzen Sorbian [Lower Sorbian] (eastern Germany) Dobry zen Sorbian [Lower Sorbian] (Germany) [informal] Hallo Sorbian [Lower Sorbian] (Germany) [to one] Witaj [Sotho, see Sepedi (Northern Sotho) andSesotho (Southern Sotho)] Spanish (America, Spain) Hola Spanish (America, Spain) Buenos días Spanish (Argentina) Buen día Spokane (United States) 'A Sranan (Suriname) Odi Sranan (Suriname) Gi odi Sûdovian (Baltic region) Kailas Sûdovian (Baltic region) Laban deinan [Sugpiaq, see Alutiiq] Sukuma [Gwe] (Tanzania) Walama Sumbanese (Indonesia) [where are you going?] Nggi lua mu? Sunda (Indonesia) Kumaha Sunda (Indonesia) Damang Suqpiaq (Alaska) Cama'i Sursilvan (Switzerland) Bien gi Suryoyo (Syria, Turkey) Shlomo Suryoyo (Syria, Turkey) B'shayno Susu (Guinea) Inuale Susu (Guinea) [morning] Tena mari Susu (Guinea) [evening] Tena mafeyen Swabian (Central Europe) Grüß Gott [Swahili, see Kiswahili] [Swazi, see Siswati] Swedish (Sweden, Finland) God dag Swedish (Sweden, Finland) [most common] Hej Swedish (Sweden, Finland) Hejsan Swedish (Sweden, Finland) Hallå Swedish (Sweden, Finland) [informal] Morsning Swedish (Sweden, Finlnad) [call attention] Hallå där Swedish (Sweden) [very informal] Tja Swedish (Sweden) [very informal] Tjenare Swedish (Sweden) [very informal] Tjena Swedish (Sweden) [very informal] Tjabba Swedish (Finland) Morjens Syriac [West Syriac] (Middle East) Shlom lekh Tachi Yokuts (California United States) Hìu Tagalog(Philippines) Halo Tagalog (Philippines) Huy Tagalog (Philippines) Magandang hapon po Tagalog (Philippines) Mabuhay Tagalog (Philippines) Kumustá Tahitian (Tahiti French Polynesia) Ia ora na Tahitian (Tahiti French Polynesia) [to one] Ia ora na 'oe Tahitian (Tahiti French Polynesia) [to two] Ia ora na 'orua Tahitian (Tahiti French Polynesia) [several] Ia ora na 'outou Tahitian (Tahiti French Polynesia) E hate huru Taino(Caribbean, Florida USA) Tau Taino (Caribbean, Florida USA) Taiguey Taino (Brazil) Boili [Taiwanese, see Min Nam] Tajik (Tajikistan) Salom Tajik (Tajikistan) Assalom u aleykum Tajik (Tajikistan) [answer] Valaykum assalom [Tamahoq, seeTamasheq] Tamang (Nepal, India) Lhaso Tamasheq(Mali, Burkina Faso) [informal] Oyik Tamasheq (Mali, Burkina Faso) Oiuwan Tamasheq (Niger) Oyweem Tamasheq (Mali, Burkina Faso) Minitwixeh Tamasheq (Mali, Burkina Faso) [response] Izot Tamasheq (Mali, Burkina Faso) Azul Tamasheq (Mali, Burkina Faso) Matole Tamasheq (Mali, Burkina Faso) Ma-tihlaqqa Tamasheq [Tuareg] (Mali, Burkina Faso) Salamu aleykum Tamasheq [Tuareg] (Mali, Burkina Faso) [ans] Aleykum salam Tamasheq [Tuareg] (Mali, Burkina Faso) Ma d'tolahat? Tamasheq [Tuareg] (Mali, Burkina Faso) [ans] Alxer yas Tamasheq [Tuareg] (Mali, Burkina Faso) [ans] Alxer yas al hamdulillahi Tamasheq [Tuareg] (Mali) [ans. by older man] Ijak alxer da iknan Tamil (India, Southeast Asia) Vanakkam Tamil (India, Southeast Asia) Saukhyama Tamil (India, Southeast Asia) Enna vishayan Tamil (India, Southeast Asia) Vaanga Tanana (Alaska) Do'eent'aa Tarahumara (Chihuahua Mexico) Kuirabá Tarahumara (Chihuahua Mexico) Kuira Tarahumara (Chihuahua Mexico) Diosi kuira Tarahumara (Samachique Mexico) Riosi cuira Tarahumara (Samachique Mexico) Cuira [Tarasco, see Phorhépecha] Tashkorghani (northwestern China) Assalamu äläykum Tashkorghani (northwestern China) Assalam alaykum Tashkorghani (northwestern China) [reply] Wa'äläykumu salam Tatar (Russia, China) Isenmesez Tatar (Russia, China) [informal] Isenme Tatar (Russia, China) [informal] Selam Tatar (Russia, China) Esselamögaleyköm Tatar (Russia, China) Selamnar [Tavgi Samoyed, seeNganasan] Tay (Vietnam) Pá prama Telefol (Papua New Guinea) [to a friend] Seno, num seno Telugu (India) [to elder] Namaskaaramandi Telugu (India) Namaskaaram Tembé Tenetéhar (Amazon Brazil) 'Êy Tembé Tenetéhar (Amazon Brazil) Öy Tembé Tenetéhar (Amazon Brazil) [morning] Zanêcoême Tembé Tenetéhar (Amazon Brazil) [afternoon] Zanecaróc Temne (Sierra Leone) Seke Temne (Sierra Leone) Wan, sekke yo Tenah (Alaska) Netura [Teochiu, see Min Nam] Tetum (East Timor) Hae Tetum (East Timor) Dader diak Tetum (East Timor) O diak ka lae? Tetum (East Timor) [answer] Diak Tetum (East Timor) Bondia [Teuso, see Icetot] Thai (Thailand) Sawatdi Thai (Thailand) [by man] Sawatdi krap Thai (Thailand) [by woman] Sawatdi ka Thai (Thailand) [where are you going?] Khun ja pai ti nai? Thai (Thailand) [answer] Pai thîaw Thai (Chiang Mai Thailand) [by man] Sawatdi kap Thai (Chiang Mai Thailand) [by woman] Sawatdi jau [Thami, see Thangmi] Thangmi(Himalayas) Sewa Tibetan (China, Nepal, India) Kam sangbo dugay Tibetan (China, Nepal, India) Tashidelek Tibetan (China, Nepal, India) Oloy Tigrinya (Ethiopia) Selam Tigrinya (Ethiopia) [to male friend] Dahando w'alka Tigrinya (Ethiopia) [to female friend] Dahando w'alki [T'in, see Lua] [Tjam, seeCham] [Tjamoro, see Chamorro] [Tjapukai, see Djabugay] Tlingit (Canada, USA) [morning] Juk'e-ri-tsu-tat Tlingit (Canada, USA) Wa-é ák-wé Tojolobal (Chiapas Mexico) San jb'ankila Tokelauan (Tokelau, New Zealand) Taloha Tokelauan (Tokelua, New Zealand) Taloha ni Tok Pisin (Papua New Guinea) Gude Tok Pisin (Papua New Guinea) Gude gude Toltichi Yokuts (California USA) Xawaxan [Tonga (Zambia), see Chitonga] [Tonga (Mozambique), seeGitonga] Tongan (Tonga, Pacific Islands) Malo e lelei Tongan (Tonga, Pacific Islands) Malo e tau lava Tongan (Tonga, Pacific Islands) [daylight] Malo e tau ma'u 'a e 'aho' ni Tongan (Tonga) [after very long absense] Malo e mo'ui Tongva(California USA) Ava'aha Toraja (Indonesia) Apa kareba [Torres Strait Broken, see Yumpla Tok] Totonaco (Veracruz Mexico) Katlen Totonaco (Veracruz Mexico) [to man] Katlen kumpali Trobes Tokples (Trobriand Papua New Guinea) Bwena kau kwau Trobes Tokples (Trobriand Papua New Guinea) Bwena la lai [Trukese, seeChuuk] Tsaatang (Mongolia) Aqua Tsaatang (Mongolia) San baino [Tsaga, see Enga] [Tsalagi, seeCherokee] Tsekhene (British Columbia Canada) Danach'e 'a Tsekhene (British Columbia Canada) [reply] Sasch'eTshiluba (Kasai Occidental Region Congo) Moyo wenu Tshiluba (Kasai Occidental Region Congo) Moyo Tshiluba (Kasai Occidental Reg. Congo) [ans] Eh moy Tsimshian (Alaska) Ts'im'wii'amhaw Tsimpsean (Alaska) 'Ndellawaan Tsonga(South Africa) [morning] Abusheni Tsonga (South Africa) [morning] Avusheni Tsonga (South Africa) [afternoon] Inhelekani Tsonga (South Africa) [evening] Riperile Tsou (Taiwan) Aveoveoyu [Tswana, see Setswana] [Tuareg, seeTamasheq] Tübatalabal (California United States) Mãi Tulu (India) Namaskaara Tulu (India) Yencha ullere Tulu (India) Yencha ullaaru [Tumbuka, see Chitumbuka] [Tupi, seeTembé Tenetéhar] Turkish (Turkey, Northern Cyprus) Merhaba Turkish (Turkey, Northern Cyprus) Selam Turkish (Turkey, Northern Cyprus) Iyi gunler Turkmen (Turkmenistan) Salam Turkmen (Turkmenistan) Salam aleykum Tuscarora (New York USA, Ontario Canada) J'wan Tutchone (Canada) Dánän ts'ín huyàjáél Tuvan (Russia) Ekii Tuvaluan (Tuvalu) Talofa [Twi, see Asanteand Fante] Tzeltal (Chiapas Mexico) Bi xchih 'awo'tan Tzeltal (Chiapas Mexico) Lek bal 'ayat Tzeltal (Chiapas Mexico) [answer] Lek 'ayan Tzotzil (Chiapas Mexico) K'uxi Tzotzil (Chiapas Mexico) K'usi xi Tzotzil (Chiapas Mexico) K'usi aw otan Uchinaaguchi (Okinawa Japan) Chuu-wuganabira Uchinaaguchi (Okinawa Japan) Chuuwoga Uchinaaguchi (Okinawa Japan) [by older gen.] Haisai Udmurt (Russia) Ziech bures Udmurt (Russia) [familiar, to one person] Ziech bur Udmurt (Russia) [polite or to several] Ziech buriesh Udmurt (Russia) [informal] Salam [Ugong, see Gong] Ukrainian (Ukraine) Pryvit Ukrainian (Ukraine) Dobri den Ukrainian (Ukraine) Zdorovenkni Ukrainian (Ukraine) Vitayu Ukrainian (Ukraine) [informal] Zdrastuy Ulwa (Nicaragua) Parasnaka Ulwa (Nicaragua) Parasnaka itukwâna mâ sihpayang Ulwa (Nicaragua) Yampara Ulwa (Nicaragua) Nak'sa Umatilla (Oregon United States) Nich-che-coogh Unagan (Alaska, Russia) Aang Urdu (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh) Salaam aleekum Urdu (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh) Adaab Urdu (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh) Adaab arz Ute (Colorado and Utah USA) Mique wush tagooven Utshiokwe (Congo) Moyo Uvean (Ouvea Atoll New Caledonia) Alofa Uvean (Wallis and Futuna) Alofa atu Uvean (Wallis and Futuna) Malo te kataki Uyghur (Central Asia) Asalam aleykum Uyghur (Central Asia) Ässalamu äläykum Uyghur (Central Asia) [answer] Wä'äläykum ässalam Uyghur (Central Asia) Hoy Uzbek (Central Asia) Salaam aleikhem Uzbek (Central Asia) Asalom u alaykhum Uzbek (Central Asia) [reply] Valeikum-assalom Uzbek (Central Asia) [reply] Tinch böling Uzbek (Central Asia) Salom Uzbek (Central Asia) Yakhshimisiz Valencian (Spain) Hola Venda(South Africa) [said by man] Ndaa Venda (South Africa) [said by woman] Aah Venda (South Africa) Avuwani Venda (South Africa) [answer] Avuwa Venda (South Africa) Rivoni Venda (South Africa) [to person returning] Vhadali Venda (South Africa) [to person working] Vhashumi Veps (western Russia) Tervhen Veps (western Russia) Tervhen eläd Vietnamese (Vietnam) Chào Vietnamese (Vietnam) Chào bạn Vietnamese (Vietnam) [to man] Chào ông Vietnamese (Vietnam) [to woman] Chào bà Vietnamese (Vietnam) [to young woman] Chào cô Vietnamese (Vietnam) [to a man you know] Chào anh Vietnamese (Vietnam) [to a women you know] Chào chị Vietnamese (Vietnam) [to a young person] Chào em Vietnamese (Vietnam) Nuchu Visayan(Philippines) [where are you going?] Asa ka mo muadto? Visayan (Philippines) Maqayu [Vlaams, see Dutch (Belgium)]] Võru (Võrumaa Estonia) Tereq Võru (Võrumaa Estonia) Tereh Võru (Võrumaa Estonia) Tereq päivä Võru (Võrumaa Estonia) Tereh päivä Võru (Võrumaa Estonia) Tereq jummal'imeq Võru (Võrumaa Estonia) Häid tervit teile Votic (Russia) Üvä päivää Votic (Russia) Üvvää tervüüttä Votic (Russia) Terveh Votic (Russia) Terveüz Votic (Russia) Tervüüz Waali (Northwestern Ghana) Ansomaa Waali (Northwestern Ghana) [it is well] O be son Wakhi (Central Asia) Asalam aleykum Wagiman (Australia) Yow Wallisian (Wallis and Futuna) Malo e lelei Walloon (Belgium) Bondjoû [Wanyaturu, seeKinyaturu] [Waorani, see Huaorani] Warumungu (Australia) Yar Warlpiri (Northern Territory Australia) Ngurrju mayinpa Warlpiri (Northern Territory Australia) Calamara Wasco-Wishram (Oregon USA) Dan miuxulal? Wasco-Wishram (Oregon USA) [to male] Ai l kala Welsh (Wales) Dydd da Welsh (Wales) [south] Shwmae Welsh (Wales) [north] Sut mae Wik-mungkan (Australia) [to one person] Niiyalang Wik-mungkan (Australia) [to two people] Nipalang Wintu [Winnemem Wintu] (California USA) Hestum Wolof (West Africa) Jama ngaam Wolof (West Africa) [peace be with you] Salamalekum Wolof (West Africa) [peace be with you] Malekumsalam Wolof (West Africa) [peace on you] Diamengam Wolof (West Africa) [1: how are you] Nanga def Wolof (West Africa) [2: answer to 1] Mangi fii rekk Wolof (West Africa) [3: answer to 2] Nunga fe Wolof (West Africa) [4: may your body rest] Mbaa sa yaram jaam Wolof (West Africa) [5: peace only] Jamm rekk Wolof (West Africa) [6: praise to Allah] Alhumdullilah [Wyandott, seeHuron] Xhosa (South Africa, Lesotho) Molo Xhosa (South Africa, Lesotho) [plural] Molweni Xucuru (Brazil) [morning] Bremen Xucuru-Cariri (Brazil) Akakáume Xucuru-Cariri (Brazil) [answer] Íkaké Yacouba (Côte d'Ivoire, Liberia) [morning,m] Unzhu babo Yacouba (Côte d'Ivoire, Liberia) [morning,w] Na babo Yaka (Angola, Congo-Kinshasa) Mbote Yami (Taiwan) [to older male, 'uncle'] Maran gon Yami (Taiwan) [to older female, 'aunt'] Kaminan gon Yami (Taiwan) [to older peer, 'sibling'] Kaka gon Yami (Taiwan) [to younger peer, 'sibling'] Wali gon Yami (Taiwan) [to younger person, 'child'] Anak gon Yankunytjatjara (South Australia) Wai Yanomami (Venezuela, Brazil) Eou [Yao (Africa), see Chiyao] [Yao (Asia), seeMien] Yapese (Micronesia) Mogethin Yaqui (Sonora Mexico, Arizona USA) Diós 'emchiókue [Yatvingian, seeSûdovian] Yiddish (Russia, USA) Ah guten tog Yiddish (Russia, USA) Sholem aleykhem Yiddish (Russia, USA) [answer] Aleykhem sholem Yiddish (Poland, Belgium) A gütt'n tuuk Yitchogo (Gabon) [to women] Timogya Yitchogo (Gabon) [to women] Yi maram bouga Yitchogo (Gabon) [to men] Buokaye Yoko (Japan) Bo Yolngu Matha (Australia) Nha mirri Yolngu Matha (Australia) Yo, nha mirri Yolngu Matha (Australia) Yo manymak Yoruba (West Africa) [morning, honorific] E kú àárò Yoruba (West Africa) [afternoon, honorific] E kú òsán Yoruba (West Africa) [evening, honorific] E kú ìròle Yoruba (West Africa) [night/before midnight] E kú alé Yoruba (West Africa) [night/after midnight] E kú áísún Yoruba (West Africa) [to a person at home] E kú alé Yoruba (West Africa) [to a person at work] E kú isé Yoruba (West Africa) [to a person returning] E kú àbò Yoruba (West Africa) [to a person sitting] E kú ìjokòó Yoruba (West Africa) [after long absence] E kú àmójúbà Yoruba (West Africa) [morning non-honorific] O kú àárò Yoruba (West Africa) [afternoon, non-honor.] O kú òsán Yoruba (West Africa) [evening non-honorific] O kú ìròle Yoruba (West Africa) [night/before midnight] O kú alé Yoruba (West Africa) [night/after midnight] O kú áísúnYucateco (Mexico) [to one person] Biix a beel? Yucateco (Yucatan Mexico) Ki'ki't'áantabah Yucateco (Yucatan Mexico) Óla Yucateco (Yucatan Mexico) Olaj Yucateco (Yucatan Mexico) Bwenas Yugambeh (Australia) Jingiwalli wahlu Yugur [Western Yugur] (Gansu China) Yahsh mô Yuki (Northern California USA) 'On tat Yuki (Northern California USA) Heó, heó Yumpla Tok (Torres Strait Australia) Wis wei Yumpla Tok (Torres Strait Australia)[to one] Wis wei yu Yup'ik (Alaska USA, Siberia Russia) Waqaa Yup'ik (Central Alaska) Chamai Yup'ik (Coastal Alaska) Camai [Yup'ik (Pacific Coast Alaska), see Alutiiq] [Yurak, see Nenets] Yura Ngawarla (Flinders South Australia) Nunga Yura Ngawarla (South Australia) Nangga [Zalamo, see Kizaramo] Zapotec (Juchitan Mexico) Shitalsha Zapotec (Juchitan Mexico) Sicaru siado Zapotec (Oaxaca Mexico) Pa diuxi Zapotec (Tehuantepec Mexico) [arriving] Hu' Zapotec (Villa Alta Mexico) Padiull Zapotec (Yatzachi Mexico) Dioxei Zapotec (Yatzachi Mexico) Dioxe Zapotec (Yatzachi Mexico) Padiox Zapotec (Yatzachi Mexico) Padioxei Zapotec (Yatzachi Mexico)[to p.leaving home] Baza'o Zapotec (Yatzachi Mexico) [to a group] Baza'ale Zapotec (Yatzachi Mexico) [to a group] Baza'acle Zapotec (Yatzachi Mexico)[to gr. going home] Bazeya'acle Zapotec (Yatzachi Mexico) [by p. going home] Bazeya'a Zapotec (Yatzachi Mex. [by group going home] Bazeyo'oto Zapotec (Yulalag Mexico) Padiuzhe Zapotec (Zoogocho Mexico) PatioshZarma (Niger, Nigeria, Burkina Faso) Fofo Zarma (Niger) [reply] N'goy Zazaki (Turkey) Ti senêna? Zazaki (Turkey) Çituria? Zazaki (Turkey) Çitana? Zazaki (Turkey) [formal] Halê shima senino? Zemba (Namibia) [informal] Mosha vi yong, peli Xitswa (Mozambique) Xewe Zjerma (Niger) Fofo Zulu (South Africa, Lesotho) Sawubona Zulu (South Africa, Lesotho) [plural] Sanibonani Zuñi (Southwestern United States) Keshi Zuñi (Southwestern United States) Kesh'shi Zuñi (Southwestern United States) K'eccannishshi to' 'a-tu
Bonjour(French) Gutentag(German) Hola(Spanish) 'Ola(Portugese) Bonjourno(Italian) Privet(Russian) ahoj(czec) konichiwa(Japanese) ni hao(chinese)