Hypoventilation is too shallow or too slow breathing, which does not meet the needs of the body. It may also refer to reduced lung function.
If a person hypoventilates, the body's carbon dioxide level rises, which results in too little oxygen in the blood.
ReferencesShea SA, White DP. Disorders of ventilatory control. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders; 2007:chap 86.
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Hypoventilation leads to increased carbon dioxide levels in the blood, resulting in the production of carbonic acid, which lowers blood pH. This can lead to respiratory acidosis, where the body's pH is too acidic. Symptoms may include confusion, fatigue, and eventually respiratory failure if not corrected.
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When hypoventilation occurs, the body increases both the rate and depth of respiration to try to bring more oxygen into the lungs and remove excess carbon dioxide. This helps to correct the imbalance in blood oxygen and carbon dioxide levels by increasing the amount of gas exchange in the lungs. The increased respiration rate and depth help to improve oxygen levels in the blood and remove carbon dioxide to restore a more balanced state.
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Hyperventilation raises body pH. Hypoventilation lowers body pH.
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Incorporating hypoventilation training into a fitness regimen can improve lung capacity, increase endurance, and enhance overall athletic performance. It can also help the body become more efficient at using oxygen and improve mental focus during physical activities.
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hypoventilation
hypoventilation |ˌhīpōˌventlˈā sh ən|
noun Medicine
breathing at an abnormally slow rate, resulting in an increased amount of carbon dioxide in the blood.
New Oxford American Dictionary
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An abnormal decrease in the depth and rate of respiration is termed hypoventilation. This can result in inadequate oxygen levels in the blood and buildup of carbon dioxide, leading to symptoms like shortness of breath, confusion, and fatigue. Hypoventilation can be caused by various medical conditions or medications.
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Yes . . . both conditions are manifested by too much C02 in the blood because there is not enough oxygen in the blood.
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form of breathing-related sleep disorder. Central alveolar hypoventilation syndrome. This disorder is found most often in extremely obese people. The patient's airway is not blocked, but his or her blood oxygen level is too low.
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The concentration of C02 in the lung is usual very low as the rate of inspiration and the exchange of volume between the lungs and the outside flushes the C02 into the air where it is a mere faction of a percent of the environmental gases. In the body however there is a constant metabolism that is producing C02. During hypoventilation the rate of exchange is insufficient to remove the C02 which is being produced faster than it is dissipated.
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Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) (formerly known as the Ondine curse, after the mythical story) is a disorder of the automatic control of breathing. In CCHS, the body "forgets" to breathe, especially during sleep. Researchers have identified a particular gene defect (PHOX2B) associated with congenital central hypoventilation syndrome, but how the mutation causes the syndrome is not yet known. It is also not known how frequently CCHS occurs, but it is estimated to be a rare disorder.
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CCHS stands for Congenital Central Hypoventilation. CCHS is a disease or syndrome that affects a persons breathing ability and cause carbon dioxide to build up in the blood.
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It is due to CO2 reduction. Low CO2 stimulates chemo-receptors in brain stem. Respiratory rate is reduced in order for CO2 to come back to normal.
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the body will just take longer breathes in order to counter attack the amount of concentrated carbon dioxide that is in the system. this is just a general answer
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Hypoventilation is causes an increase in CO2 (carbon dioxide) in your blood. This is caused by the lack of breathing, or obtaining oxygen, (on the contrary, hyperventilation is when your body is gaining too much oxygen - people tell the hyperventalator to breath in a brown paper bag to allow CO2 to bind to hemoglobin). Thus, when people hypoventilate (i.e. causing an increase in CO2) this causes the pH in your blood to decrease, making it more acidic. (and when hyperventilation occurs, O2 is increased, which causes an increase in pH - making blood more basic).
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type 1 is hypoxia without hypercapnia
type 2 is high level of co2 caused by hypoventilation
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The maximum daily recommended dose is 10mg a day, this is not known to be lethal, but higher than that may cause respiratory depression, leading to hypoventilation and the person may have to be placed on a respiratory machine
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A person can get too much carbon dioxide in their system due to conditions such as hypoventilation, lung disease, or suffocation. These conditions can lead to inadequate removal of carbon dioxide from the body, causing it to accumulate in the bloodstream.
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Yes, an excess of carbon dioxide in the blood is called hypercapnia. Hypercapnia can result from conditions such as hypoventilation or lung diseases that impair gas exchange, leading to inadequate removal of carbon dioxide from the body.
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Choose the best two answers: When the body begins to metabolically compensate for hypoxemia the first two physical changes will be: Changes in mental status Increase in cardiac output Hypotension Hypoventilation Hyperventilation
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CO2 buildup in the body can occur due to conditions like respiratory diseases (such as COPD), hypoventilation (not breathing enough), or exposure to high levels of CO2 in enclosed spaces. Inadequate ventilation or impaired lung function can prevent CO2 from being effectively exhaled, leading to its accumulation.
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No. Zoloft should not be mixed with any type of herbs. You could make your original symptoms worse or be overly sedated to the point of Hypoventilation if your on high doses. Always ask your doctor before you change remedies.
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Complications of tidal volume include barotrauma (lung damage from high pressures), volutrauma (lung damage from excessive stretch), and ventilator-associated lung injury. Inadequate tidal volume can lead to hypoventilation and hypercapnia, while excessive tidal volume can cause ventilator-induced lung injury. Close monitoring and adjustment of tidal volume is important to avoid these complications.
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Examples of respiratory problems that could result in a pH and pCO2 profile similar to rebreathing include respiratory depression from drug overdose, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation, or hypoventilation due to neuromuscular disorders. These conditions can lead to CO2 retention and respiratory acidosis, similar to what occurs during rebreathing of exhaled air.
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A PETCO2 level of 8 mm Hg is considered significantly low and indicates severe hypoventilation or inadequate ventilation. Normal PETCO2 levels typically range from 35 to 45 mm Hg, and a level this low suggests that carbon dioxide is not being effectively expelled from the body, potentially leading to respiratory acidosis and impaired oxygenation. This condition requires immediate medical attention to address the underlying cause and restore normal ventilation.
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PaCO2, or arterial carbon dioxide pressure, refers to the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood. It is a critical parameter measured in arterial blood gas tests to assess respiratory function and the body's ability to regulate carbon dioxide levels. Normal PaCO2 values typically range from 35 to 45 mmHg, with deviations indicating respiratory or metabolic issues, such as hypoventilation or hyperventilation. Monitoring PaCO2 is essential for diagnosing conditions like respiratory acidosis or alkalosis.
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Obesity can cause all sorts of problems in children for their lives ahead of them, here are a few examples: problems with bone joints like bowed legs, intacranial hypertenision (strong headaches affects vision), increased risk of heart failure, hypoventilation (dizzyness, drowsyness, snoring in sleep), high blood pressure, inreased risk of diabetes. The list goes on and on as well as the physical fitness side because if your obese you can't enjoy all the wonders of sport as well as you would like to.
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If a patient's chest barely moves during inhalation despite a normal respiratory rate, you should suspect a restrictive lung condition or a neuromuscular disorder affecting the respiratory muscles. This could indicate conditions such as pneumonia, pleural effusion, or obesity hypoventilation syndrome, where lung expansion is compromised. Additionally, it may suggest reduced diaphragmatic function or stiffness in the chest wall. Further evaluation and diagnostic imaging may be necessary to determine the underlying cause.
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"suppressed respiratory rate" is often the best thing to say to be understood.
The term "hyperventilating" is a classic well know term however "HYPOventilation" is not a clearly understood reference.
For as long as I have been discussing the occurrence with my health professionals there has not been well defined 'term' for the condition.
Some people just dont breath as fast or as often as others.
Without a medical cause as a basis for the breathing pattern it is often assumed to be the patients normal or usual respiratory rate.
If it as a result of illness of injury it is usually stated as a sign or symptom of such and is not related to on its own as a condition or diagnosis.
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Excess Carbon dioxide Respiratory acidosis is a medical emergency in which decreased ventilation (hypoventilation) increases the concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood and decreases the blood's pH (a condition generally calledacidosis).
Carbon dioxide is produced continuously as the body's cells respire, and this CO2 will accumulate rapidly if the lungs do not adequately expel it through alveolar ventilation. Alveolar hypoventilation thus leads to an increased PaCO2 (a condition called hypercapnia). The increase in PaCO2 in turn decreases the HCO3−/PaCO2 ratio and decreases pH.
CO2 in general is not considered harmful unless allowed to concentrate in a confined place for example and displaces O2.
CO2 is classed as an asphyxiant gas
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Primary alveolar hypoventilation is a rare disorder of unknown cause in which a person does not take enough breaths per minute. The lungs and airways are normal.
Alternative NamesOndine's curse
Causes, incidence, and risk factorsThe cause is unknown. Current research is looking at how the brains of persons with this disease may be less responsive to carbon dioxide.
The disease primarily affects men 20 to 50 years old. It can also be present in male children.
SymptomsOften patients themselves do not complain of being short of breath during the day. Symptoms are usually worse during sleep, and periods of apnea(episodes of stopped breathing) are usually present. Patients with this disease are extremely sensitive to even small doses of sedatives or narcotics, which can make their already inadequate breathing much worse.
Symptoms include:
The health care provider will perform a physical exam. Tests will be done to rule out other causes. For example, muscular dystrophy can make the rib muscles weak, and emphysema damages the lung tissue itself. A small stroke can affect the breathing center in the brain.
Tests that may be done include:
Medications that stimulate the respiratory system may be used but do not always work. Mechanical devices that assist breathing, particularly at night, may be helpful in some patients. Oxygen therapy may be helpful in a few patients, but may cause worse night symptoms in others.
Expectations (prognosis)Response to treatment varies.
ComplicationsA possible complication is cor pulmonale (right-sided heart failure).
Calling your health care providerCall for an appointment with your health care provider if symptoms of this disorder develop. Seek urgent medical care if bluish skin (cyanosis) occurs.
PreventionThere is no known prevention. Patients should avoid using sleeping medications or other medications that may cause drowsiness.
ReferencesPhillipson EA, Duffin J. Hypoventilation and hyperventilation syndromes. In: Mason RJ, Murray J, VC Broaddus, Nadel J, eds. Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2005:chap 73.
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* Voluntary movement of all limbs to command -2 points * Voluntary movement of two extremities to command- 1 point * Unable to move- 0 points * Breathe deeply and cough- 2 points * Dyspnea, hypoventilation- 1 point * Apneic- 0 points * BP +/- 20 mm Hg of pre-anesthesia level- 2 points * BP > 20-50 mm Hg of preanesthesia level- 1 point * BP > 50 mm Hg of preanesthesia level- 0 points * Fully awake- 2 points * Arousable- 1 point * Unresponsive- 0 points * Pink- 2 points * Pale, blotch- 1 point * Cyanotic- 0 points Total score must be > 8 at conclusion of monitoring.
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Breathing rapidly (hyperventilation) or slowly (hyperventilation) are ways the body may become unbalanced or attempt to compensate an imbalanced blood pH. The blood's normal pH is 7.35-7.45.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is acts to acidify the blood (lower the pH). Therefore, hyperventilating (deceasing the CO2 contained in the blood) increases blood pH. Inversely, hypoventilation creates a decline in blood pH.
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Postoperative hypoxia is considered a postoperative pulmonary complication. This can be caused by lack of alveolar ventilation, lack of alveolar perfusion, or decreased alveolar diffusion. (Alveolar: Pertaining to the alveoli, the tiny air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of gasses occurs) So, yes, withing 48 hours or so, this can develop.
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The gases necessary (yes there are more than one) for respiration are oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Oxygen plays the simpler role of the two. It is required by all cells of the body and can be passed along to the tissues via hemoglobin in red blood cells.
Carbon Dioxide actually plays a very important role. It is the metabolic waste produced by cells, and it can be converted into bicarbonate ions by rbc to be transported in the blood, or bound to the globulin of hemoglobin and transported in this way.
Its important role is its levels control respiration via peripheral and central chemoreceptors. To high CO2 levels and hyperventilation will reduce it or CO2 + H2O will be converted to bicarbonate ion (HCO3) and H ion.
When CO2 is too low - hypoventilation will raise CO2 levels or the conversion of bicarbonate + H back to CO2 and water.
It also plays and integral role in maintaining blood pH.
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You will end up having constant muscle contraction in some places known as tetanus. If this continues for a longer time, you will have this constant contraction in the muscles of the larynx leading to hypoventilation, inability to breath, death.
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There is a part of your nervous system that controls things like breathing and heart rate without you having to think about it. This is the autonomic nervous system.
The part of your autonomic nervous system that controls breathing is supposed to help you breathe more deeply if you're short on oxygen and getting too much carbon dioxide in your blood. It can even help wake you up if there's a problem.
If you have a disease affecting that part of your nervous system, you won't change your breathing to compensate for low oxygen or high CO2. One such disease is congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS). This is a disease people are born with.
Another type is known as Cheyne-Stokes respiration. This is a repeated pattern of breathing where the person stops breathing completely, followed by breathing rapidly. This commonly happens to elderly people as they are near death, but can also happen in infants, people with heart failure, brain tumors, and even people sleeping at very high altitude.
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The respiratory system helps control the acidity of the blood by regulating the elimination of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and Water (H2O).
These molecules are exhaled with every breath.
H2CO3 --> H2O + CO2
(carbonic acid)
The brain is sensitive to blood CO2 levels and pH.
A significant increase in CO2 or decrease below pH 7.38 of arterial blood
- causes breathing to increase (in rate and depth)
- results in hyperventilation
- more CO2 is exhaled
- eliminates CO2 - reduces H2CO3 and H+ concentrations
- increases pH back to normal
A significant decrease in CO2 or increase in pH
- causes breathing to decrease
- results in hypoventilation
- less CO2 is exhaled
- increases CO2 - increases H2CO3 and H+ concentrations
- decreases pH back to normal
Respiratory mechanism (depth and rate of breathing) controls CO2
CO2 in solution is an acid.
Partial Carbon Dioxide (PaCO2) levels in Arterial Blood Gas (ABG).
Higher PaCO2 causes acidosis (lower pH), or neutralizes alkalosis.
Lower PaCO2 causes alkalosis (raises pH.), or neutralizes acidosis.
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The primary stimulus in the regulation of breathing patterns are the chemical changes in the blood such as the partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide (PO2/PCO2) and hydrogen ion concentration (pH). Hydrogen ion concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has the earliest and greatest influence on respiratory activity. Hence, hypoventilation (as in breath holding) stimulates neurons of the inspiratory center in the medulla when the rising partial pressure of carbon dioxide decreases cerebrospinal fluid pH. Conversely, voluntary hyperventilation depresses the respiratory center via the decrease in partial pressure of carbon dioxide which raises cerebrospinal fluid pH.
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The collasping of the lung.
lung without air
partial collapse of the left lung
a. failure of the lungs to expand Atelectasis refers to the medical condition of the partial or complete collapse of the lung.
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Without oxygen, anaerobic respiration occurs, leading to the production of lactic acid. Lactic acid buildup in the blood lowers the pH, making it more acidic, a condition known as lactic acidosis. This can result in symptoms such as muscle weakness, rapid breathing, and confusion.
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Restrictive lung disease is any condition in which the elasticity of the lungs has been compromised. When lungs are stiff and unable to expand and contract as usual, then normal respiratory function is not possible. Restrictive lung disease is a general term to describe conditions that cause this stiffening. People with restrictive lung disease cannot fully fill their lungs with air. Their lungs are restricted from fully expanding. Restrictive lung disease most often results from a condition causing stiffness in the lungs themselves. In other cases, stiffness of the chest wall, weak muscles, or damaged nerves may cause the restriction in lung expansion. Some conditions causing restrictive lung disease are: Interstitial lung disease, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis Sarcoidosis Obesity, including obesity hypoventilation syndrome Scoliosis Neuromuscular disease, such as muscular dystrophy or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) The symptoms of restrictive lung disease can increase or decrease on a day-to-day basis. It is important to ask a qualified physician about the implications of symptoms that come and go. Restrictive lung disease is unlikely to go away, and usually gets worse without treatment. Even with treatment, the illness is not usually completely reversible.
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OBVIOUSLY... YES! all three of the drugs you just listed are very bad fo your body in high doses, high lithium levels can cause toxicity, high doses of vicoden levels will can cause hypoventilation, respitory distress, and fatality. xanax is hard to overdose unless taken in VERY High ammounts, HOWEVER xanax does not mix well with vicoden because they are both CNS depressents, but all together in high ammounts, VERY BAD, my suggestion is if you are doing this STOP, and if one of your friends are about to attempt it STOP THE<
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Dissolving carbon dioxide (CO2) in water causes the water to become more acidic, which lowers the pH. The same thing happens in blood. If your blood is too acidic, you breathe faster and that gets rid of some of the CO2. The CO2 forms the acid H2CO3 when combined with water, and an H+ leaves this molecule, forming H+ (or H3O+ when combined with another H2O) and HCO3- (bicarbonate ion). This additional H+ is what pH measures, which is why the pH goes down (down = more H+, since pH is the negative logarithm of the H+ concentration in moles per liter.)
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People and all animals breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide. Their bodies are designed to breathe at a certain rate in order to eliminate carbon dioxide. If they are in an area high in carbon dioxide, they will breathe at an extremely rapid rate to get rid of the excess carbon dioxide even though there is enough oxygen.
Many scientists think the high level of carbon dioxide is the major cause of the ocean becoming more acidic. Carbon dioxide becomes a weak acid when mixed with water. The western world emits a tremendous amount of carbon dioxide.
Other scientists think the major cause of oceanic acidity is the tremendous amount of sulfuric acid thrown into the atmosphere by the factories of India and China. Sulfuric acid is a powerful acid.
Probably both contribute and with the tremendous amount of sewage and fertilizer poured into the ocean are causing ocean acidity resulting in the death of many coral reefs and before long will cause the decline of the shell fish industry. Your grandchildren will ask you, "What were oysters?"
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The rate of cellular metabolic activity affects and, at the same time, is affected by the pH of the body fluids. In mammals, the normal pH of arterial blood lies between 7.35 and 7.50 depending on the species (e.g. healthy human-arterial blood pH varies between 7.35 and 7.45). Blood pH values compatible with life in mammals are limited to a pH range between 6.8 and 7.8. Acidosis is said to occur when arterial pH falls below 7.35, while its counterpart (alkalosis) occurs at a pH over 7.45. Arterial blood gas analysis and other tests are required to separate the main causes.
Depending on the type of acidosis occurring, different symptoms may appear:
Metabolic acidosis is an increased production of metabolic acids, usually resulting from disturbances in the ability to excrete acid via the kidneys. Renal acidosis is associated with an accumulation of urea and creatinine as well as metabolic acid residues of protein catabolism. Symptoms may include:
* Increased rate and depth of breathing * Hyperventilation * Pale and clammy skin * Cardiac arrythmias * Decreased heart rate * Dizziness * Cough * Mental confusion * Fits Respiratory acidosis results from a build-up of carbon dioxide in the blood (hypercapnia) due to hypoventilation. It is most often caused by pulmonary problems, although head injuries, drugs (especially anaesthetics and sedatives), and brain tumors can cause this acidemia. Pneumothorax, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, asthma, severe pneumonia, and aspiration are among the most frequent causes. It can also occur as a compensatory response to chronic metabolic alkalosis. Symptoms may include:
* Confusion * Easy fatigue * Lethargy * Shortness of breath * Sleepiness
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For those who do not know, temazepam is an intermediate-acting 3-hydroxy benzodiazepine. It is generally prescribed for the short-term treatment of severe or debilitating sleeplessness in patients who have difficulty falling asleep or maintaining sleep. Overdosage of temazepam results in increasing CNS effects, including:
* Somnolence (difficulty staying awake) * Mental confusion * Respiratory depression * Hypotension * Impaired or absent reflexes * Impaired coordination * Impaired balance * Dizziness * Coma * Death
A 1993 British study found temazepam to have the highest number of deaths per million prescriptions among medications commonly prescribed in the 1980s (11.9, versus 5.9 for benzodiazepines overall, taken with or without alcohol). A 1995 Australian study of patients admitted to hospital after benzodiazepine overdose corroborated these results, and found temazepam overdose much more likely to lead to coma. Additionally, the combination of alcohol and temazepam makes death by alcohol poisoning more likely.
Overdose effects of temazepam are worsened in certain individuals with various preexisting diseases. Use of temazepam should be avoided, when possible, in individuals with the following conditions:
* Ataxia (lack of coordination of muscle movements) * Severe hypoventilation (slowed breathing) * Acute narrow-angle glaucoma (loss of vision) * Severe hepatic deficiencies (hepatitis and liver cirrhosis decrease elimination by a factor of 2) * Severe renal deficiencies (e.g. patients on dialysis) * Severe sleep apnea (closure of airway during sleep) * Severe depression, particularly when accompanied by suicidal tendencies * Acute intoxication with alcohol, narcotics, or other psychoactive substances * Myasthenia gravis (facial paralysis) * Hypersensitivity or allergy to any drug in the benzodiazepine class
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This has to do with acid-base homeostasis. Normal blood pH is 7,4.
- Alkalosis = pH >7,4
- Acidosis = pH <7,4
Then you have 2 types for each one, respiratory or metabolic.
- Respiratory alkalosis = CO2 <40mmHg
- Respiratory acidosis = CO2 >45mmHg
- Metabolic alkalosis = HCO3- >26mEq
- Metabolic acidosis = HCO3- <22mEq
If your breathing rate goes beyond 20 per minute (hyperventilation), CO2 goes down and pH goes up. Then your body compensates this by losing HCO3- in the urine, lowering the pH.
If your breathing rate slows down below 15 per minute (hypoventilation), CO2 goes up and pH goes down. Then you reabsorb more HCO3- in the kidneys, raising the pH.
If your kidneys start malfunctioning, your body can't excrete acid compounds and HCO3- gets consumed, then the pH goes down. Your breathing rate goes faster in order to excrete more CO2, raising the pH.
And in some cases the kidneys reabsorb more HCO3- than they should, and pH goes up. Then your breathing rate slows down, CO2 goes up and pH goes down.
In some cases, pH can vary due to other reasons, such as diabetes or diarrhea, which can produce acidosis, or severe vomiting, that produces alkalosis. These are classified as metabolic as well, but can be regulated both by the respiratory and the urinary system, though the latter is rather inefficient in these cases.
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Because you need oxygen to survive, and if you don't get the air, that carries oxygen, you will die. But you can practice holding it for longer periods of time, but if you hold it for to long, you may feel faint, so I suggest not to do that.
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