life or its possibility on other planets. Exobiology or Astrobiology, search for extraterrestrial life within the solar system and throughout the universe.

No, biology is not included in exobiology. It may be talked about, but it isn't included. Biology and exobiology are similar.

Life or its possibility on other planets.

Exobiology

Exobiology.

Exobiology belongs to the field of astrobiology, which focuses on the study of life beyond Earth, including the search for extraterrestrial life and the conditions that support life in the universe.

Xenobiology, Exobiology or Astrobiology

This field is called "exobiology".

Barry DiGregorio has written:

'Mars' -- subject(s): Exobiology, Life on other planets

Exobiology, is ths study of phenomena occurring in the upper atmosphere or celestial objects in outer space.

Will Alexander has written:

'Exobiology As Goddess'

'The Stratospheric Canticles'

'Sunrise in Armageddon' -- subject(s): Abused wives, Fiction

Chodorta is a fictional concept within the field of exobiology and does not have recognized characteristics. It is not a known or documented entity within the scientific community.

E. Sindoni has written:

'Siamo soli nell'universo?' -- subject(s): Exobiology, Life on other planets, History

Crudity of methods. They are doing the best they can, and it really is an amazing technical achievement to send a robot 35 million miles away, have it scoop up soil, and return a basic analysis of it. But it is still largely a case of the four blind men describing an elephant. The technology will improve, of course, but the current method leads to many ambiguous results, and that is the biggest difficulty in exobiology at this time.

I would think exobiology is the study of living things on other planets, though we still have not found living things on other planets.

Karen Jean Meech has written:

'Bioastronomy 2007' -- subject(s): Origin, Exobiology, Life, Congresses, Life on other planets

Linda G Pleasant has written:

'Publications of the exobiology program for 1981' -- subject(s): Bibliography, Space biology, Life on other planets

Nope.

Unless exobiology is correct, in which case we're all extraterrestrial.

no

Astrobiology is the branch of science that deals with the study of life beyond Earth, including the search for habitable environments in our solar system and the potential for life on other planets.

Astrobiology and exobiology are fields of science that include the search for life beyond Earth, and the possible effects of extraterrestrial environments on living things. There has been no confirmed evidence of life existing beyond the Earth as of 2013.

Ronald Bruce Thomson has written:

'Camp Hoover'

'Design of a sample acquisition system for the Mars exobiological penetrator' -- subject(s): Exobiology, Mars surface, Penetrometers, Sampling, Soils

Astronomy is the study of heavenly bodies.

The speculative study of life on other planets is called astrobiology. It is a multidisciplinary field that combines aspects of biology, astronomy, and geology to understand the potential for life beyond Earth.

Carl Edward Sagan (November 9, 1934 - December 20, 1996) was an American astronomer, astrophysicist, author, and highly successful popularizer of astronomy, astrophysics and other natural sciences. He pioneered exobiology and promoted the Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence (SETI).

The commands John was gave in first battle-thing in Homestuck E.g. Abscond was the follow the kids across the incipisphere and the trolls to the exobiology lab. Then they would all work together to come up with a plan to get rid of Jack Noir.

Exobiology, also known as astrobiology, is the scientific study of the possibility of life beyond Earth, including the search for life in other planets and moons in our solar system and beyond. It combines elements of biology, astronomy, and geology to understand the conditions that could support life in the universe.

The average salary for an exobiologist can vary widely depending on factors such as experience, location, and employer. In general, exobiologists can expect to earn a salary in the range of $50,000 to $100,000 per year.

The question "is water compulsory for all life forms"is not specific,all life forms known to man today requires some amount of the compound H2O or water for their cell structures. while this is true there may be unknown life forms existing in other celestial bodies.The significance of life on other planets is expressed by the formation of exobiology or the study of life on other bodies outside Earth.

Exobiology or astrobiology, this science is also concerned with adapting life support devices ( suits, helmets, etc) for space-faring astronauts so there is a practical side.Don"t go looking for tech manuals on this at your local library!

The study of hypothetical extraterrestrial life -in all of its aspects but keyed towards earth-style biology, is termed Exobiology- don:"t go looking this up in book stores.

My roommate in college considered a career in exobiology, but ended up doing professional research in microbiology instead. Legitimate carreer opportunities are not so great in that field at the present time. It is, more or less, a science without subject matter. There has been quite a bit of speculative work done, regarding the potential directions evolution may have taken on alien worlds. But nothing concrete. There are illigitimate areas for employment. Hypnosis regression therapy, conventions, book deals and UFO trade show circuits. I put these a step above television evangelists, because I think most of them are sincere. They may be sorely mistaken, but at least they are not hypocrites.

Garvin Karunaratne has written:

'Microenterprise development' -- subject(s): Economic policy, Rural poor, Economic assistance, Domestic, Rural development, Domestic Economic assistance

'Success in development' -- subject(s): Rural development projects, Bangladesh Youth Self Employment Programme, Comilla Programme of Rural Development

'Administering rural development in Third World' -- subject(s): Rural development

'Non-formal education' -- subject(s): Non-formal education, Rural development

To become a scientist in the field of alien research after completing a BE in Aeronautical Engineering, you could pursue a higher degree in astrophysics, space science, or astrobiology to gain the necessary knowledge and skills. Additionally, gaining experience through internships or research positions at organizations that focus on space exploration and extraterrestrial studies will also be beneficial for entering the field of alien research.

Astronomers can be observational astronomers, who observe and collect data from celestial objects using telescopes, or theoretical astronomers, who use mathematical models and simulations to study the behavior and properties of celestial objects.

Exobiology speculates that microscopic life originated elsewhere and was brought here by a meteorite sent off by some violent distaster, which while it has not been proven is very scientifically plausible, as germs and viruses have proven to be able to survive in outer space and there is a gigantic gash on mars (a planet with water likely to have once supported life) which could have sent such a meteorite into outer space. Also, since comets are thought to be made substantially of water ice, it is theorized that they are the primary source of earth's water. It may seem unlikely, but in the early stages of earth's development there were probably many, many more comets than there are today, and it is not impossible that enough comets could have collided with earth over millions of years to supply us with our water.

Mary Firestone has written:

'Glass (Materials)'

'The Statue of Liberty (American Symbols) (American Symbols)'

'The White House' -- subject(s): Juvenile Nonfiction, Juvenile literature, Nonfiction, OverDrive, Presidents, White House (Washington, D.C.)

'Top 50 reasons to care about tigers' -- subject(s): Endangered species, Juvenile literature, Tigers

'Earning Money'

'Celebrate America' -- subject(s): National monuments, National Emblems, Juvenile literature, Historic sites, Signs and symbols

'Ganar dinero' -- subject(s): Money-making projects for children, Money, Work, Juvenile literature

'The Liberty Bell (American Symbols)'

'Our American Flag' -- subject(s): Juvenile Nonfiction, Nonfiction, OverDrive

'Pyrotechnicians' -- subject(s): Fireworks, History, Juvenile literature, Pyrotechnists

'The State Governor'

'Security Guards (Community Helpers)'

'The State Legislative Branch'

'The White House (American Symbols)'

'Saving Money'

'The Statue of Liberty (American Symbols)'

'Astrobiologist' -- subject(s): Exobiology, Juvenile literature, Space biology, Vocational guidance

'Volcanologists' -- subject(s): Geology, Juvenile literature, Vocational guidance, Volcanoes, Volcanologists

'Social Workers (Community Helpers)'

xtraterrestrial life is defined as life which does not originate from planet Earth. The existence of life outside the planet is theoretical and all assertions of such life remain disputed. Hypotheses regarding the origin(s) of extraterrestrial life, if it exists, are as follows: one proposes that it may have emerged, independently, from different places in the universe. An alternative hypothesis is panspermia, which holds that life emerges from one location, then spreads betweenhabitable planets. These two hypotheses are not mutually exclusive. The study and theorization of extraterrestrial life is known as astrobiology, exobiology or xenobiology. Speculated forms of extraterrestrial life range from life at the scale of bacteria to sapient or sentient beings. Suggested locations which might have once developed, or presently continue to host life similar to our own, include the planets Venus[1] and Mars, moons of Jupiter and Saturn (e.g. Europa,[2] Enceladus and Titan) and Gliese 581 c and d, recently discovered to be near Earth-mass extrasolar planets apparently located in their star's habitable zone, and with the potential to have liquid water.[3] To date, no credible evidence of extraterrestrial life has been discovered which has been generally accepted by the mainstream scientific community. All other proposals, including beliefs that some UFOs are of extraterrestrial origin (see extraterrestrial hypothesis) and claims of alien abduction, are considered hypothetical by most scientists. In 2006, New Scientist published a list of ten controversial pieces of evidence that extraterrestrial life exists,[4] but scientists do not consider them credible since no direct observational evidence has been encountered.

The ongoing interaction between extraterrestrial intelligence and human and related species (such as dogs and horses, having the possibility of training for service and response to communication) entails removal of living specimens from the Earth that have a developing foetus, and (throwing the baby away with the bathwater) the practical assumption is made that the woman is deranged or hysterical in reporting an abduction and simply attention-getting.

Little or no study is made of the developing foetus.

Very little observation is necessary to chart the genetic alterations of a consistent nature in the individuals born of abducted mothers. Immediately obvious changes in the size of the skull surrounding the brain can be observed, characteristic assymmetry of the ears and an overall distortion of facial features is fairly typical, an extended interval of gestation to mature an additional feature in the altered chromosomes, and one finds the individual has a preprogrammed knowledge acquisition propensity quite at war with the attempts of teachers to guide development, construction of antigravity technology and of quantal energy apparatus (basic extraterrestrial technologies) are typical. One can assume this is a technosocial intervention, not so much to supply the book but rather the brain that could understand it. Work with such living artifacts whom incidentally are also enhanced value citizens of various countries on the Earth can enable one to glean an impact of a future trade or military recruitment program by extraterrestrials of specially adapted human beings is underway. Logically at some point such reformed individuals will be engaged by further contact however the logic of such an alteration precludes the probability of being able to understand the data obtained. Likely one would have to obtain the co-operation of the altered specimens (legal and enfranchised human beings by the way) to chart some of the direction of the interaction. Logic again considering the strategic position of the Solar System as a peripheral in the Galaxy points to an extraterrestrial interest in further interaction with the human species, for the obvious reason that the peoples of the Earth gather data from observation of the surrounding skies, and the Earth would naturally form a forward observation base for information regarding extragalactic incursions, of probable relevance to the security of inhabitants of more Galactically internal cultures which again logically would have existing interplanetary trade based on the density of stars and planets closer to the Galactic core, and be "the wealthy area" of the Galaxy having something to lose if lean and hungry extragalactic forces begin to penetrate the Galaxy. In a crude sense human beings are being adapted as watchdogs against possibly unwished intruders. This alteration in human genetics is of logically obvious economic and security benefit to the inhabitants of other planets of the Galaxy dwelling closer to the core of the Galaxy where interplanetary trade would presumably have been flourishing for some time creating a developed understanding between cultures and an enviable state of amenity and wealth. From a Terrestrial perspective we could engage an interest of our own, how to ingratiate ourselves in prospect of improved health and longevity, and what benefits might accrue by trade with other worlds for the inhabitants of the Earth. Now apply that logically and we see that other civilizations might like to leave fewer clues to their home planets, so there is likely some restriction or filtering of such data as might come with trade. Plans within plans. Chemically pure water is one possible export, and right now we are in receipt of a driven import or foreign aid consisting of enhanced cerebral capacity in the direction of construction or repair of interstellar space vehicles. For instance look at www.searlmagnetics.com and start catching up. I see this is in response to the question how to study exobiology. Simply meet people on the Earth who build flying saucers and the associated drive and power technologies, and observe the altered genetics without become obviously racist, a few tactful and helpful questions regarding parental abduction during foetal development, factor in the times of the abductions in relation to the orbit of the Earth and other features, and some parameters begin to appear as might pertain to some attempt at peaceful trade and then to avoid a civil war within the human zone over perceived privilege accumulation by a military and security elite the actual gain of Mr. or Mrs. Citizen of the Earth needs to be spelt out. One likely fringe benefit could be to attempt to make it to a privileged evacuation list for transfer to planets of the inner Galaxy in case of a hostile or dangerous extragalactic incursion facing this part of the Galaxy. Some young men might be attracted to wear special uniforms and play with special weapons as part of the defence of this Galaxy. Logically this shifts all strategy from defence of the Earth to the greater consideration of Galactic security in concert with our reasonably beneficial neighbours, as in they could have wiped us out but apparently have some plans as pertains to our projected role in transferring services. We have a use that at least momentarily precludes our extermination. The obvious investment in making contact with us points at an overriding economic prospectus, we are to be made wealthy in the interests of providing involvement competition and trade stimulus among the involved inner planetary cultures. This projects both fear and hope not simply into the international arena but the more interesting and diverse or probably total brain fatigue area of interstellar economics and concomitant security requirements. So meeting the neighbours can begin with meeting their representatives on this planet.

THIS WILL RESULT IN YOUR CAPACITY TO ASSIMILATE KNOWLEDGE GOING INTO OVERLOAD. Your unaltered brain will get swamped trying to assimilate knowledge for which you have no adaptation and you will need a consultative panel the size of an entire University faculty to cope with what in truth "you asked for". I say this after some contact with Quantal energy technology. Even being a competent Nuclear Physicist will not prepare you for energy interactions in the pre-particulate level of matter. Energy is tapped in the part of the matter formation cycle prior to formation of nucleides. That instantly opens up flight at velocities exceeding the speed of light, alternate time and space continua, obviation of fossil fuel technologies, likely ability to preform and duplicate solid objects by direction of formative energies, teleportation, trade with alternate continua, time travel and on and on and on...also a plethora of quality control and safety requirements to stem the Tsunami wave of involved perils and risks as the human race begins to play with a totally undefined new fire. This exploding research frontier is dangerously undermanned by unrecruited and untrained knowledge specialists in areas where the responsibilities of specialization and training are in statu nascendi. Lovely delivery of a surprise package of no included manual. We find out fast how to handle delivery before it helps us injure ourselves. A breeder reactor one might say of a question explosion with only the beginning of a responsive knowledge explosion. Too interesting.

agrobiology. analogy. anthology. anthropology. apology. archaeology. astrobiology. astrology. axiology. bacteriology. biology. biotechnology. cardiology. chirology. chronology. climatology. cosmetology. cosmology. craniology. criminology. cryobiology. cryptology. cytology. dermatology. dialectology. doxology. ecclesiology. ecology. egyptology. embryology. endocrinology. enology. entomology. enzymology. epidermiology. epistemology. escapology. eschatology. ethnology. ethology. etiology. etymology. eulogy. exobiology. fetology. fossilology. futurology. garbology. gastroenterology. gelotology. genealogy. geology. geomorphology. gerontology. glottochronology. graphology. gynaecology. haematology. hagiology. herpetology. heterology. histology. homology. horology. hydrology. ichthyology. iconology. ideology. immunology. immunopathology. kinesiology. lepidopterology. lexicology. limnology. lithology. liturgiology. malacology. mammalogy. meteorology. methodology. metrology. microbiology. micropaleontology. mineralogy. misology. mixology. morphology. morphophysiology. musicology. mycology. myology. mythology. nanotechnology. necrology. neology. neonatology. nephology. nephrology. neurobiology. neurology. nosology. numerology. oceanology. odontology. oncology. ontology. ophthalmology. ornithology. orology. osteology. otology. palaeology. palaeontology. paleology. parisology. pathology. pedology. penology. philology. physiology. psychology. radiobiology. radiology. reflexology. theology. rheumatology. scatalogy. scientology. seismology. serology. sociology. tautology. technology. teleology. terminology. theology. topology. toxicology. tribology. trilogy. typology. uranalogy. urology. virology. volcanology. vulcanology. zoology. zymology.

• Aerobiology - the study of airborne organic particles
• Agriculture - the study of producing crops from the land, with an emphasis on practical applications
• Anatomy - the study of form and function, in plants, animals, and other organisms, or specifically in humans
• Arachnology - the study of arachnids
• Astrobiology- the study of evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe-also known as exobiology, exopaleontology, and bioastronomy
• Biochemistry- the study of the chemical reactions required for life to exist and function, usually a focus on the cellular level
• Bioengineering- the study of biology through the means of engineering with an emphasis on applied knowledge and especially related to biotechnology
• Biogeography- the study of the distribution of species spatially and temporally
• Bioinformatics- the use of information technology for the study, collection, and storage of genomic and other biological data
• Biomathematics(or Mathematical biology) - the quantitative or mathematical study of biological processes, with an emphasis on modeling
• Biomechanics- often considered a branch of medicine, the study of the mechanics of living beings, with an emphasis on applied use through prostheticsor orthotics
• Biomedical research - the study of the human body in health and disease
• Biophysics - the study of biological processes through physics, by applying the theories and methods traditionally used in the physical sciences
• Biotechnology- a new and sometimes controversial branch of biology that studies the manipulation of living matter, including genetic modification and synthetic biology
• Building biology - the study of the indoor living environment
• Botany - the study of plants
• Cell biology - the study of the cell as a complete unit, and the molecular and chemical interactions that occur within a living cell
• Conservation biology - the study of the preservation, protection, or restoration of the natural environment, natural ecosystems, vegetation, and wildlife
• Cryobiology - the study of the effects of lower than normally preferred temperatures on living beings
• Developmental biology - the study of the processes through which an organism forms, from zygote to full structure
• Ecology - the study of the interactions of living organisms with one another and with the non-living elements of their environment
• Embryology - the study of the development of embryo (from fecundation to birth)
• Entomology - the study of insects
• Environmental biology - the study of the natural world, as a whole or in a particular area, especially as affected by human activity
• Epidemiology- a major component of public health research, studying factors affecting the health of populations
• Epigenetics - the study of heritable changes in gene expression or cellular phenotype caused by mechanisms other than changes in the underlying DNA sequence
• Ethology - the study of animal behavior
• Evolutionary biology - the study of the origin and descent of species over time
• Genetics - the study of genes and heredity
• Herpetology - the study of reptiles and amphibians
• Histology - the study of cells and tissues, a microscopic branch of anatomy
• Ichthyology - the study of fish
• Integrative biology - the study of whole organisms
• Limnology - the study of inland waters
• Mammalogy - the study of mammals
• Marine biology (or Biological oceanography) - the study of ocean ecosystems, plants, animals, and other living beings
• Microbiology- the study of microscopic organisms (microorganisms) and their interactions with other living things
• Molecular biology - the study of biology and biological functions at the molecular level, some cross over with biochemistry
• Mycology - the study of fungi
• Neurobiology- the study of the nervous system, including anatomy, physiology and pathology
• Oncology - the study of cancerprocesses, including virus or mutationoncogenesis, angiogenesisand tissues remoldings
• Ornithology - the study of birds
• Population biology - the study of groups of conspecific organisms, including
  • Population ecology - the study of how population dynamics and extinction
  • Population genetics - the study of changes in gene frequencies in populations of organisms
• Paleontology- the study of fossils and sometimes geographic evidence of prehistoric life
• Pathobiology or pathology - the study of diseases, and the causes, processes, nature, and development of disease
• Parasitology- the study of parasites and parasitism
• Pharmacology- the study and practical application of preparation, use, and effects of drugs and synthetic medicines
• Physiology - the study of the functioning of living organisms and the organs and parts of living organisms
• Phytopathology- the study of plant diseases (also called Plant Pathology)
• Psychobiology- the study of the biological bases of psychology
• Sociobiology- the study of the biological bases of sociology
• Structural biology - a branch of molecular biology, biochemistry, and biophysicsconcerned with the molecular structure of biological macromolecules
• Synthetic Biology- research integrating biology and engineering; construction of biological functions not found in nature
• Virology - the study of viruses and some other virus-like agents
• Zoology - the study of animals, including classification, physiology, development, and behavior (branches include: Entomology, Ethology, Herpetology, Ichthyology, Mammalogy, andOrnithology)

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xenophobic

xenophobically

Prof. Cyril Ponnamperuma was a respected scientist known for his work in astrobiology and his research on the origin of life. He collaborated with NASA on various projects related to the search for extraterrestrial life and the chemical processes that may have led to life on Earth.

Biology is the scientific study of living organisms and their interactions with the environment. It aims to understand the processes that govern life, such as growth, reproduction, and evolution. Through observation, experimentation, and analysis, biologists seek to uncover the underlying principles that drive the diversity and complexity of life on Earth.

Albert Einstein

(1879 - 1955)He is arguably at the pinnacle, if the popularity of all the scientists is taken into account. He demonstrated solutions to a trio of mind-boggling topics in Physics in 1905 and shot into the limelight.

Sir Isaac Newton

(1642 - 1727)"Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica" called "Principia" is acknowledged as the greatest scientific book ever published. Sir Isaac Newton wrote this in 1687.

Galileo Galilei

(1564 - 1642)He was the first to use the telescope for furnishing evidence that the Earth revolves around the Sun. This postulate was in contrast to that held by the majority.

Charles Darwin

(1564 - 1642)"On the origin of species by means of natural selection" is Darwin's famous book published in 1859.

Johannes Kepler

(1571 - 1630)Kepler compiled the Mars data which enabled him to propose the "Three Laws of Planetary Motion".

Louis Pasteur

(1822 - 1895)Some of his works are: separation of mirror image molecules and effect of polarized light, and identification of the parasite that was killing silkworms.

James Maxwell

(1831 - 1879)He is known for the "Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism" published in 1873. Maxwell independently developed the "Maxwell-Boltzmann kinetic theory of gases".

Edwin Hubble

(1889 - 1953)"Hubble's Law" stated that galaxies move away from each other at a speed determined by the distance that separated them. He classified galaxies as per their distance, shape, brightness patterns and content.

Emil Fisher

(1852 - 1919)Some of his works are: synthesis of glucose, fructose, mannose starting with glycerol, and establishing structures for the 16 stereoisomers of the aldohexoses with glucose as the most prominent member.

Paul Dirac

(1902 - 1984)He received a Nobel prize in 1933 for the work on anti-particles. The "Dirac equation" was a version of the Schrodinger's equation.

Archimedes

(287 - 212 BC)His major achievements are "The Archimedes principle in hydrostatics", the Archimedes screw and the relation between the surface and volume of a sphere and the circumscribing cylinder.

Marie Curie

(1867 - 1934)She won the 1903 Nobel prize in Physics and the 1911 Nobel prize in Chemistry.

Thomas Alva Edison

(1847 - 1931)He set up the first industrial research laboratory in the world and was a world record holder of 1093 patents.

Max Planck

(1858 - 1947)He introduced the quantum and became the recipient of the Nobel prize for Physics in 1918.

Nikola Tesla

(1856 - 1943)In 1882, he stated the rotating magnetic field principle and invented the alternating current long-distance electrical transmission system six years later.

Aristotle

(384 - 322 BC)His works include Physics, Metaphysics, Politics, Poetics, Nicomachean Ethics and De Anima.

Leonardo da Vinci

(1452 - 1519)He designed bridges, war machines, buildings, canals and forts.

Niels Bohr

(1885 - 1962)In 1922, he won the Nobel prize for Physics. He developed the "Bohr theory of the atom and liquid model of the atomic nucleus".

Nicholas Copernicus

(1473 - 1543)He theorized that the Sun was the fixed point around which the motions of the planets takes place. The Earth rotates around its axis once in a day and slow alterations in the direction of this axis cause the precession of the equinoxes.

Rene Descartes

(1596 - 1650)He wrote "Meditationes de prima philosophia, in quibus Dei existentia and animae a corpore distinctio, demonstratur" in 1641.

Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen

(1845 - 1923)In 1901, he won the Nobel prize for Physics as he discovered X-rays.

Carl Sagan

(1934 - 1996)He promoted the Search for Extra Terrestrial Intelligence and was a pioneer of exobiology.

Jonas Salk

(1914 - 1995)He developed a vaccine for polio in 1952.

Alexander Graham Bell

(1847 - 1922)He is the inventor of the telephone and the metal detector.

Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman

(1888 - 1970)He developed the Raman spectroscopy that provides information regarding the molecular structure.

Ernest Rutherford

(1871 - 1937)He developed atomic theory in 1911 and classified forms of radiation.

Joseph John Thomson

(1856 - 1940)He received the Nobel prize for Physics in 1907 and developed the mass spectrograph.

William Ramsay

(1852 - 1916)He independently discovered Helium and shared the discovery or Argon, Krypton and Xenon.

Alfred Nobel

(1833 - 1896)He was a chemist, engineer, innovator, and armaments manufacturer. He is also the inventor of dynamite. He established a fund for the yearly Nobel prize in the areas of chemistry, physics, literature, international peace and medicine.

William Thompson

(1775 - 1833)He derived the second law of thermodynamics and proposed the Kelvin temperature scale.

James Prescott Joule

(1818 - 1889)One determines the rate at which heat is produced by an electric current by using Joule's law.

Julius Robert von Mayer

(1814 - 1878)Along with James Joule, he discovered the first law of thermodynamics.

Henry Bessemer

(1813 - 1898)He invented an economical steel-making procedure that burnt off impurities.

Robert Bunsen

(1811 - 1899)He developed the spectroscope and discovered Cesium and Rubidium.

Thomas Graham

(1805 - 1869)He developed a technique to separate crystalloids from colloids, which is called "dialysis".

Michael Faraday

(1791 - 1867)He stated the laws of electrolysis in 1833.

Johann Wolfgang Dobereiner

(1780 - 1849)He determined the relation between elements and their atomic weight.

Amedeo Avogadro

(1776 - 1856)He concluded that equal volumes of gases at similar conditions of temperature and pressure have the same number of molecules.

William Henry

(1773 - 1841)Henry's Law states that the amount of gas absorbed by water increases as the gas pressure rises.

John Dalton

(1766 - 1844)He developed the atomic theory.

Alessandro Volta

(1745 - 1827)He invented the practical battery using cells of two types of metals.

Antoine Lavoisier

(1743 - 1794)He recognized and named oxygen and disproved the phlogiston theory.

Charles Augustin de Coulomb

(1736 - 1806)He discovered the law of force between two charged bodies.

Henry Cavendish

(1731 - 1810)He discovered hydrogen and nitric acid.

Thomas Newcomen

(1663 - 1729)He invented the steam engine. It was eventually replaced by James Watt's improved design.

Robert Boyle

(1627 - 1691)The Boyle's law describes the inversely proportional relationship between absolute pressure and volume of a gas, that is, if the temperature is constantly maintained in a closed system

Blaise Pascal

(1623 - 1662)The SI unit of pressure is named after him.