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Everyman

  (ĕv'rē-măn') pronunciation
or eve·ry·man n.

An ordinary person, representative of the human race.


 
 
late-15th-century English morality play. It is the counterpart of the Dutch play Elckerlijk; which of these anonymous plays is the original has been the subject of controversy. When Everyman is summoned by Death, he can persuade none of his friends—Beauty, Kindred, Worldly Goods—to go with him, except Good Deeds. This allegory has been used as the basis of plays by later writers and has remained popular in modern times.


 
Notes on Drama: Everyman

Contents:

Author Biography
Plot Summary
Characters
Themes
Style
Historical Context
Critical Overview
Criticism
Sources
Further Reading


Anonymous 1500

Everyman was first published in England early in the sixteenth century. This English play is now thought to be based on an earlier Dutch play, Elckerlijc, published in 1495. It is unknown if Everyman was ever staged in the era in which it first appeared. The title page states “Here begynneth a treatyse.” This implies that the text may have been intended as reading material. Frequently, authors composed a treatise containing dialogue to create an additional emphasis on an idea, in this case a preparation for God’s judgment. Such works were often created without any intention of performance. This may be true for Everyman; however, even if it was not performed, it is clear that the text was very popular, since there are four separate editions from the first half of the sixteenth century that have survived to this day. Frequent reprintings indicate that the text was bought and read a great deal, if not performed.

Although none of the characters in Everyman have any depth, the influence on later drama is especially clear when readers compare the medieval character archetypes with those created for Elizabethan drama. Christopher Marlowe’s Dr. Faustus is often cited as an example of how the medieval morality play influenced later theatre. Marlowe’s characters would be easily recognizable to anyone who had read Everyman. There is also the same emphasis on worldly goods and on knowledge. But Marlowe takes the ideas in Everyman even further and argues that even knowledge can be perverted. But the same idea that man can seek forgiveness and salvation through contrition still appears. Everyman is considered one of the most accessible of the medieval morality plays because the language is closer to modern English and the story is clearly told.

 
Wikipedia: everyman


In literature and drama, the term everyman has come to mean an ordinary individual, with whom the audience or reader is supposed to be able to identify easily, and who is often placed in extraordinary circumstances. The name derives from a 16th century English morality play called Everyman.

The contemporary everyman differs greatly from his (or her) medieval counterpart in many respects. While the medieval everyman was devoid of definite marks of individuality to create a universality in the moral message of the play, the contemporary storyteller may use an everyman for amoral or, to some ways of thinking, immoral purposes.

In adventure stories, the protagonist is often the idealized competent man who possesses charm, charisma, exceptional intelligence, sex appeal, and a multitude of talents (for example James Bond) that helps him through his adventures. Such characters are expected to and usually do win at every scenario they encounter. The everyman character, however, is written so that the reader or audience can imagine himself or herself in the same situation without having to possess knowledge, skills, and abilities outside his or her everyday experience. Such characters react realistically in situations that are often taken for granted with traditional heroes. For example, an everyman character (unless he happens to be a pugilist) who gets into a fight is likely to hurt his hand if he punches someone in the face.

Alternately, an Everyman occupies the role of protagonist without being a 'hero' and without the depth which usually defines main characters. Instead, the Everyman is developed like a secondary character but her (or his) near omnipresence in the story causes the reader or audience to focus on events and story lines around him (or her). Some audiences or readers may project themselves into this character, as no dominant characteristic of the Everyman prevents them from doing so. Others may ignore the character and concentrate on the story arc, the visual imagery, the irony or satire and, in short, any other aspect of the story which the orchestrator(s) of the story have focused upon or, indeed, whatever interests the the reader personally.

References

    See also


     
    Translations: Translations for: Everyman

    Dansk (Danish)
    n. - menigmand, enhver

    Français (French)
    n. - tout homme

    Deutsch (German)
    n. - Jedermann

    Ελληνική (Greek)
    n. - ο μέσος/ο κοινός άνθρωπος

    Italiano (Italian)
    ognuno

    Português (Portuguese)
    n. - pessoa (f) comum

    Русский (Russian)
    обыкновенный человек

    Español (Spanish)
    n. - hombre de la calle, ciudadano medio

    Svenska (Swedish)
    n. - var man, mannen på gatan

    中文(简体) (Chinese (Simplified))
    普通人, 一般人

    中文(繁體) (Chinese (Traditional))
    n. - 普通人, 一般人

    한국어 (Korean)
    n. - 평범한 사람

    日本語 (Japanese)
    n. - エヴリマン, 通常人, 凡人

    עברית (Hebrew)
    n. - ‮האדם הממוצע, האיש הטיפוסי‬


     
     

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    Copyrights:

    Dictionary. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2007. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.  Read more
    Columbia Encyclopedia. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright © 2003, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. www.cc.columbia.edu/cu/cup/  Read more
    Notes on Drama. © 2006 through a partnership of Answers Corporation. All rights reserved.  Read more
    Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Everyman" Read more
    Translations. Copyright © 2007, WizCom Technologies Ltd. All rights reserved.  Read more

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