The Temple of Edfu in Egypt was built during the Ptolemaic period, between 237 and 57 BCE.

36 meters.

At least three:

Horus at the entrance to the large courtyard

Horus' in front of the pylon of Edfu temple

· Edfu is a city in Egypt

· Edfu, Egypt

· El Djazair, Algeria

· Edfu, Egypt

· El Djazair, Algeria

· Edfu is a city in Egypt

· El Djazair is a city in Algeria

mummy

marble (coffins and burial masks decorated with this)

Ptolemy III is credited with having begun the building of the great temple dedicated to Horus at Edfu; he does not say why - perhaps politics.

We don't know that, though Ptolemy III is credited with having begun the building of the great temple dedicated to Horus at Edfu.

They were empty because the pharaoh was not of Kemet but, was in fact a European and the priest and craftsman's would not honor one who was not a son of Ra.

Huge temples all over Egypt. eg,Karnak, Philae, Edfu, Com Ombo, Abu Simbel, etc.

The width of the Nile north from Aswan is 2.8 km in averageThe greatest width is at Edfu, with 7.5 km, the smallest at Silwa

The Temple of Edfu is perhaps the most well known for Horus, but there were many others in the three thousand years the ancient Egyptians worshiped Horus and their other gods and goddesses.

The Temple of Edfu, which is dedicated to the Egyptian god Horus, is famous for being the largest temple dedicated to Horus. It was also used as a central meeting point for many festivals that were sacred to Horus.

There are many statues of Horus in Egypt, as well as ones made for tourists, not merely one; specify which one if it has significance.

It was built by the Ptolemiac (Greek) rulers of Egypt. It was started in 237BC by Ptolmey III and not completed until 57BC during the reign of Ptolemy XII. Although the rulers were Greek the style of the temple is Ancient Egyptian which had not changed for thousands of years.

Yes, there are places named after Ptolemy, the ancient Greek mathematician and astronomer. One famous example is the Ptolemaic Temple of Horus in Edfu, Egypt. Additionally, there are various museums around the world that may have exhibits related to Ptolemy's work and achievements.

He was the son of Isis and Osiris. He was conceived by Isis from the resurrected soul of her husband Osiris and brought up to avenge his father's murder.

The Nile cruise is a floating hotel sails from Luxor city to Aswan city in Egypt on the Nile river. It takes 04 nights or 03 nights if started from Aswan. In the route the cruise stops at Esna district to visit Esna temple, in Edfu to visit Edfu temple and in Kom Ombo to visit Kom Ombo temple. The Nile cruise is classified starting from 03, 04 and 05 stars. As for example all the 05 stars Nile cruises have, single, double and triple cabins, Swimming pool, Jacuzzi, Sauna, reading room, restaurant, bar lounge, private bathroom with shower and etc. Hereunder a website link that has more than 180 Nile cruise. Each one has its own page which displays the full description and photos.

The Nile cruise is a floating hotel sails from Luxor city to Aswan city in Egypt on the Nile river. It takes 04 nights or 03 nights if started from Aswan. In the route the cruise stops at Esna district to visit Esna temple, in Edfu to visit Edfu temple and in Kom Ombo to visit Kom Ombo temple. The Nile cruise is classified starting from 03, 04 and 05 stars. As for example all the 05 stars Nile cruises have, single, double and triple cabins, Swimming pool, Jacuzzi, Sauna, reading room, restaurant, bar lounge, private bathroom with shower and etc.

Please note that only portions of the Nile are navigable, it is not possible to travel the entire length of the Nile River, only portions of it. The above answer pertains to the Nile in Egypt only.

Each temple in Mesopotamia was named for a different god that they worshiped. The temples were made out of the sun baked bricks that the Sumerians invented.

There is zodiac, and zenet There is zodiac, and zenet
Ziggurat is not an Egypt word, it is from Mesopotamia

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Hello, if you are curious about how Egyptian engineers built the Horus Temple and Edfu Temple, featuring numerous high columns with widths exceeding 3 meters and heights surpassing 20 meters, they employed an interesting method. The engineers began by constructing a temporary support structure using soil and small stones, providing stability and a foundation for the colossal columns to ascend. As the construction progressed, stones were meticulously added, ensuring a secure and stable ascent. This step-by-step process allowed the builders to reach the desired height without compromising the structural integrity of the columns.

Once the column reached its summit, the meticulous craftsmanship did not cease. The surface of the column was polished to perfection, creating a smooth and gleaming exterior. Skilled artisans then carved intricate hieroglyphs into the stone, narrating stories of gods, pharaohs, and ancient myths. Vibrant paintings adorned the columns, adding a splash of color to the grand hall.

I very much doubt it. There are few, if any, of Cussler's books without errors, mainly grammatical or continuity. His books are well known for mistakes (I think he needs to pay his proof-reader more money), and spotting them has become part of the pleasure for me. I am currently reading The Storm in which he has his characters in Egypt, travelling North from Edfu down The Nile (ie- towards Luxor) in order to find Aswan, which lays way to the South!

Given the Nile is over 4,000 miles long it is impossible to answer this question precisely. However the Nile Delta is 160 km in length by some 240 km of coastline. The links below provide more information. The River Nile is widest at Edfu, with a width of 7.5 km.

One of the most significant structures associated with Cleopatra is the Pharos Lighthouse in Alexandria, Egypt, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Cleopatra also commissioned various temples and monuments during her reign, including the Temple of Isis at Philae and the Temple of Horus at Edfu.

3,700km

There was nothing better than breaking the routine of life with a grandiose festival for the ancient Egyptians. Religious or political, festivals allowed both rich and poor to put away their cares for a day or two, and sometimes longer, to celebrate the best of ancient Egypt.

From extant data we can reconstruct a cultic calendar for the major deities of Egypt, such as Amun at Thebes, Hathor of Dendera, Horus of Edfu and others. Frequently, inscribed on the walls of such temples are detailed lists of feasts, all presented in a systematic manner. Such festival calendars were also copied and kept in the scrolls of the temple archives. From these, we can often determine whether a feast took place within the civil calendar or according to the moon.

However, festival calendars tend to list the details of these celebrations, such as their date, the deity honored and perhaps a sentence concerning the involvement of a specific priest in a rather terse fashion. There in fact existed comprehensive records connected to such celebrations, but ordinarily we possess only a fraction of these original texts today. Fortunately, the walls of the the Greco-Roman temples at Dendera, Edfu, Esna, Kom Ombo and Philae provide additional information not included in the festival calendars, which allow us to reconstruct the events in greater detail. Furthermore, papyri scrolls and fragmentary biographical texts reveal intriguing and often hidden details such as processions, morning, noon and evening ablutions of the deity; chants; and speeches.

In a sarcophogas (not sure of the spelling) inside a pyramid.

king tut was actually buried in a tomb in the valley of the kings. he was discovered on November 4rth, 1992. he was buried with multiple artifacts such as his charriot or his throne.

EVERYONE KNOWS THAT. Y WUD THE OTHER DUDE THINK HE WUZ BURIED IN A PYRAMID??

The Nile River varies in width from place to place along it's course. Where most of the people live, it's roughly 9000 feet. It's widest point is 24,600 feet. The narrowest point is 1150 feet wide.

Cleopatra was known more for her political and diplomatic skills than for her architectural achievements. However, she did commission the construction of several notable structures, such as the Temple of Dendera and the Temple of Edfu. These temples were dedicated to various Egyptian deities and served as centers of religious worship and ritual during her reign. Cleopatra's architectural contributions were significant in showcasing her power and influence in ancient Egypt.

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· Edgar, Nebraska

· Edgewater, Florida

· Edinburgh, Scotland

· Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

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· El Djazair, Algeria

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· East Providence, Rhode Island

· East Ridge, Tennessee

· East Lansing, Michigan

· East Point, Georgia

· Eau Claire, Wisconsin

· Eden, North Carolina

· Eden Prairie, Minnesota

· Edfu, Egypt

· Edgar, Nebraska

· Edgewater, Florida

· Edinburgh, Scotland

· Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

· El Alto, Bolivia

· El Djazair, Algeria

· El Dorado, Arkansas

· El Mirage, Arizona

· El Monte, California

· El Paso, Texas

· El Palomar, Argentina

· El Quisco, Chile

· El Tigre, Venezuela

· Elblag, Poland

· Eldridge, Iowa

· Elgin, Illinois

· Elizabeth, New Jersey

· Elizabethtown, Kentucky

· Elk Grove, California

· Elk Point, South Dakota

· Elkhart, Indiana

· Ellendale, North Dakota

· Ellisville, Missouri

· Elmira, New York

· Eloy Alfaro, Ecuador

· Elx, Spain

· Embu, Brazil

· Emporia, Kansas

· Emporia, Virginia

· Elyria, Ohio

· Encarnacion, Paraguay

· Engels, Russia

· Englewood, Colorado

· Ensenada, Mexico

· Enterprise, Alabama

· Envigado, Columbia

· Ercolano, Italy

· Erie, Pennsylvania

· Esbjerg, Denmark

· Escondido, California

· Espanola, New Mexico

· Espoo, Finland

· Essen, Germany

· Eugene, Oregon

· Enid, Oklahoma

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· Evanston, Wyoming

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· Eagle, Alaska

· Eagle, Idaho

· Eagle Mountain, Utah

· Easley, South Carolina

· East Providence, Rhode Island

· East Ridge, Tennessee

· East Lansing, Michigan

· East Point, Georgia

· Eau Claire, Wisconsin

· Eden, North Carolina

· Eden Prairie, Minnesota

· Edfu, Egypt

· Edgar, Nebraska

· Edgewater, Florida

· Edinburgh, Scotland

· Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

· El Alto, Bolivia

· El Djazair, Algeria

· El Dorado, Arkansas

· El Mirage, Arizona

· El Monte, California

· El Paso, Texas

· El Palomar, Argentina

· El Quisco, Chile

· El Tigre, Venezuela

· Elblag, Poland

· Eldridge, Iowa

· Elgin, Illinois

· Elizabeth, New Jersey

· Elizabethtown, Kentucky

· Elk Grove, California

· Elkhart, Indiana

· Ellendale, North Dakota

· Ellisville, Missouri

· Elmira, New York

· Eloy Alfaro, Ecuador

· Elx, Spain

· Embu, Brazil

· Emporia, Kansas

· Emporia, Virginia

· Elyria, Ohio

· Encarnacion, Paraguay

· Engels, Russia

· Englewood, Colorado

· Ensenada, Mexico

· Enterprise, Alabama

· Envigado, Columbia

· Ercolano, Italy

· Erie, Pennsylvania

· Esbjerg, Denmark

· Escondido, California

· Espanola, New Mexico

· Espoo, Finland

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First just to know every thing in Egypt is beautiful!

But some cool places like beaches there it's great. there is cool beaches in sharm el sheikh and el sahel el shamaly and much and there is the nile river its really great. when you ride a boat in it there is even restaurants in the nile rivers! AND THEY ARE THE RESTRAUNT UNDER THE SEA! there is of course pyramids , sphinx and much more.

AbasiEgyptian Stern.2.AbayomiEgyptianBrings joy.3.AbubakarEgyptianNoble.4.AcenathEgyptianDaughter. Biblical - Joseph's Egyptian wife.5.AdebenEgyptianTwelfth born.6.AdioEgyptianRighteous.7.AdofoEgyptianFighter.8.AdomEgyptianReceives help from the gods.9.AinEgyptianPriceless.10.AkhenatenEgyptianDevoted to Aten.11.AkiikiEgyptianFriendly.12.AkilEgyptianIntelligent.13.AkilaEgyptianIntelligent.14.AkinsEgyptianBrave.15.AmenEgyptianRa - personification of the power of the universe and god of a united Egypt.16.AmenhotepEgyptianName of a pharaoh.17.AmenophisEgyptianName of a pharaoh.18.AmmonEgyptianGod of a united Egypt.19.AmsiEgyptianPersonification of reproduction.20.AmsuEgyptianPersonification of reproduction.21.AmunEgyptianGod of mystery.22.AmunetEgyptianMythical goddess of mystery.23.AnatEgyptianA wife of Seth.24.AnippeEgyptianDaughter of the Nile.25.AnpuEgyptianGod of the dead.26.AnubisEgyptianGod of the dead.27.AnumEgyptianFifth born.28.AnzetyEgyptianGod of Busiris.29.ApisEgyptianMythical dead bull thought to be Osiris.30.AsenathEgyptianDaughter.31.AsimEgyptianProtector.32.AstarteEgyptianA wife of Seth.33.AstennuEgyptianGod of the moon.34.AswadEgyptianBlack.35.AtaEgyptianTwin.36.AtemuEgyptianMythical great god of Annu.37.AtenEgyptianSun disk.38.AtsuEgyptianTwin.39.AtumEgyptianWhole.40.AusarEgyptianAnother name for Osiris.41.AusetEgyptianAnother name for Isis.42.AziboEgyptianEarth.43.AzizaEgyptianPrecious.44.AziziEgyptianPrecious.45.BabaEgyptianOsiris's firstborn.46.BabafemiEgyptianBeloved of his father.47.BabuEgyptianOsiris's firstborn.48.BadruEgyptianBorn during the full moon.49.BahitiEgyptianFortune.50.BakariEgyptianNoble oath.51.BanitiEgyptianTeacher.52.BastEgyptianPersonification of the heat of the sun.53.BastetEgyptianEat.54.BastetEgyptianA cat.55.BebEgyptianOsiris's firstborn.56.BebtiEgyptianOsiris's firstborn.57.BennuEgyptianEagle.58.BesEgyptianBrings joy.59.BomaniEgyptianWarrior.60.ChafulumisaEgyptianFast.61.ChathsEgyptianEnds.62.ChatulukaEgyptianDeparts.63.ChenziraEgyptianBorn on a journey.64.CheopsEgyptianName of a pharaoh.65.ChibaleEgyptianKinsman.66.ChigaruEgyptianHound.67.ChikeEgyptianPower of God.68.ChioneEgyptianMythical daughter of the Nile.69.ChisisiEgyptianSecret.70.ChumaEgyptianWealthy.71.CleopatraEgyptianA queen of Eygpt.72.DakaraiEgyptianHappy.73.DalilaEgyptianGentle.74.DariusEgyptianName of a pharaoh.75.DarwishiEgyptianSaint.76.DenderaEgyptianFrom Dendera.77.DjoserEgyptianName of a pharaoh.78.DonkorEgyptianHumble.79.EboEgyptianBorn on Tuesday.80.EboneeEgyptianBlack.81.EboniEgyptianBlack.82.EboniqueEgyptianBlack.83.EbonyEgyptianBlack.84.EchidnaEgyptianMythical monster.85.EdfuEgyptianFrom Edfu.86.EdjoEgyptianAnother form of Uadjit.87.EsheEgyptianLife.88.FadilEgyptianGenerous.89.FemiEgyptianLove.90.FenukuEgyptianBorn late.91.FenyangEgyptianConquers.92.FukaynaEgyptianIntelligent.93.FunsaniEgyptianA request.94.GahijiEgyptianHunter.95.GaraiEgyptianSettled.96.GebEgyptianMythical earth god.97.GyasiEgyptianWonderful.98.HabibahEgyptianLoved.99.HafsahEgyptianMarried to the prophet.100.HajiEgyptianBorn during the pilgrimage.

1. A nome (/noʊm/; from Greek: Νομός, "district") was a subnational administrative division of ancient Egypt. Today's use of the Greek νομή, nomé rather than the Egyptianterm sepat came about during the Ptolemaic period, when use of Greek was widespread in Egypt.

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There were thousands of gods/goddesses/deities in Ancient Egypt. Amaunet - A female counterpart to Amon and one of the primordial gods of the Hermopolitian Ogdoad (group of eight gods). She was also worshipped at Thebes along with Amon and Mut.

Amon - Usually associated with the wind, or things hidden, and was also of the Hermopolitian Ogdoad. At Thebes he became Amon-Re, king of the gods. He was part of the Theban Triad, along with Mut and Khonsu.

Antaios - He was originally a double god, "the two falcons", that was later joined to create one, probably that of Horus.

Anuket - Worshipped at Elephantine, she was associated with the gazelle.

Apis - Seen as the bull with a solar disk between its horns, Apis was associated with Osiris and Ptah.

Aton - Also known as Aten, he was worshipped at Tell 'Amarna.

Atum - A primordial god that was represented in the form of a human and a serpent. He was the supreme god in the Heliopolitan Ennead (group of nine gods) and formed with Re to create Re-Atum.

Hathor - The goddess of love, dance and alcohol was depicted as a cow. At Thebes she was also the goddess of the dead. She was worshipped at Dendera as the consort of Horus and Edfu, and was associated with Isis at Byblos.

Horus - The earliest royal god was the shape of a falcon, with the sun and moon as his eyes. The sky-god was the ruler of the day. The many forms of Horus are; Re-Harakhti, Harsiesis, Haroeris, Harendotes, Khenti-irti, Khentekhtay (the crocodile-god), and Harmakhis, which is Horus on the horizons, in which the Sphinx of Giza is considered to be his aspect.

Isis - The mother of Horus and sister and consort of Osiris was worshipped at Philae. Associated with Astarte, Hathor, Nut and Sothis, she was later worshipped over the entire Roman Empire.

Khnum - Resembling a human with a rams head, he was worshipped in Hypselis, Esna, Antinoe and Elephantine.

Khonsu - the moon god was the son of Amon and Mut. The main temple at Karnak is dedicated to him.

Min - God of fertility coalesced with Amon and Horus. Min was mainly worshipped at Coptos and Akhmim.

Mut - Worshipped at Thebes, she was a consort of Amon and part of the Theban Triad (group of three gods).

Nut - Mother of the sun, moon and heavenly bodies.

Osiris - He is regarded as the dead king that watches over the nether world and is rejuvenated in his son Horus. As the symbol of eternal life he was worshipped at Abydos and Philae.

Ptah - Worshipped in Memphis, he coalesced with Sokaris and Osiris.

Re - He was the sun god of Heliopolis. From the fifth Dynasty onwards he becomes a national god and is combined with the supreme deity Amon.

Serapis - He was mainly worshipped in Alexandria and was later worshipped by the Greeks as Zeus. He was never fully accepted by the Egyptians in the Ptolemaic period.

Sekhmet - She was part of the Memphite Triad with Ptah and Nefertem. She was the mistress of war and sickness.

Seth - The son of Geb and Nut in the Heliopolitan Ennead was in the form of an animal that has no zoological equivalent. This powerful god was regarded as god of the desert, making him a god of foreign lands.

Shu - He was an ancient cosmic power and was regarded as the god of the air and the bearer of heaven.

Sobek - He was a crocodile god and was worshipped at the Faiyum and Ombos. During the middle Kingdom he coalesced with Re, Sobek-Re, and was worshipped as primordial deity and creator-god.

Thoth - He was worshipped as a baboon in Hermopolis. He was the god of sacred writings and wisdom.

Period Date DynastiesSelected Kings
(Dynasty) Sites and Famous Historical
Events Early Dynastic 2920-2575 BC 1 - 3 Menes (1)
Djoser (3) Unification of Egypt
Step Pyramid at Saqqara Old Kingdom 2575-2134 BC4 - 8 Cheops (4)
Chephren(4)
Mycerinus(4)
Unis (5) Giza Pyramids
Sphinx
Unis Pyramid /Causeway at Saqqara First Intermediary2134-2040 BC 9 -11 Kings at Herakleopolitan(9-10)
Kings at Thebes(11) Middle Kingdom 2040-1640 BC11 -14 Mentuhotep (11) Mortuary Temple of Mentuhotep at Deir El Bahri Second Intermediary1640-1532 BC 15 - 17 Hyksos Rulers (15-16)
Theban Kings (17) New Kingdom 1550-1070 BC 18 - 20 Ahmose(18)
Amenhotep I (18)
Thutmosis I (18)
Hatshepsut(18)
Amenhotep III (18)
Akhenaten (18)
Tutankhamun (18)
Seti I (19)
Ramesses II (19)
Ramesses III (20) Burials in Valley of Kings
Deir el Medina (workers village)
Karnak the Great Temple of Amun
Luxor Temple of Amun (Site of Opet Feast)
Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut at Deir el Bahri
Tomb of Senenmut (architect of Hatshepsut Temple)
Temple of Seti at Abydos
Ramesseum (Ramesses II)
Abu Simbel (Ramesses II)
Tomb of Sennedjem
Medinet Habu (Ramesses III)
Third Intermediary1070 - 712 BC 21 - 25 Pharaohs at Tanis
Shoshenq I (22)
Priests at Thebes (Libian) Karnak Reliefs
Capital at Tanis Late Period 712 - 332 BC 26 - 30 Nectanebo I (30)
Nubian
Persian Philae Monuments
Temple of Hathor at Dendera Greco Roman 332 BC
-395 AD Macedonian
Ptolemaic
Roman Temple of Khnum at Esna
Temple of Horus at Edfu

The Nile floodplain is located in Egypt, stretching along the Nile River from its delta in the north to the Aswan Dam in the south. This floodplain is known for its fertile soil, which has supported agriculture in the region for thousands of years.

Nigel De Brulier has: Played The poet in "The Pursuit of the Phantom" in 1914. Played Undetermined Role in "Hypocrites" in 1915. Played Don Luis in "The Spanish Jade" in 1915. Played Pastor Manders in "Ghosts" in 1915. Played Felipe Moreno in "Ramona" in 1916. Played Thorton Darcy in "Purity" in 1916. Played Man at trial in "Joan the Woman" in 1916. Played Father Francisco in "The Dumb Girl of Portici" in 1916. Played Banker in "Pasquale" in 1916. Performed in "A Prince for a Day" in 1917. Played Townsman in "Triumph" in 1917. Performed in "A Romany Rose" in 1917. Played Professor Duval in "The Voice on the Wire" in 1917. Played Feole Zelnar in "The Bond Between" in 1917. Performed in "The Gray Ghost" in 1917. Played Priest in "The Romance of Tarzan" in 1918. Played Capt. von Neigle in "The Kaiser, the Beast of Berlin" in 1918. Played Matthew Vane in "The Testing of Mildred Vane" in 1918. Played Danilo in "Kultur" in 1918. Played Mustapha in "Sahara" in 1919. Played Antonio Giannone in "The Boomerang" in 1919. Played Raoul Ferrar in "The Mystery of 13" in 1919. Played Henri Leland in "Flames of the Flesh" in 1920. Played Manuel Lopez in "His Pajama Girl" in 1920. Performed in "That Something" in 1920. Played Hadji in "The Mother of His Children" in 1920. Played Capt. Kassan in "The Virgin of Stamboul" in 1920. Played James Rolfe in "The Dwelling Place of Light" in 1920. Played Tchernoff in "The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse" in 1921. Played Cardinal Richelieu in "The Three Musketeers" in 1921. Played Pir Khan in "Without Benefit of Clergy" in 1921. Played Martinez in "Cold Steel" in 1921. Played Dr. Philiol in "The Devil Within" in 1921. Played Nizam ul Mulk in "Omar the Tentmaker" in 1922. Played Monk in "Foolish Wives" in 1922. Played Jokaanan, the Prophet in "Salome" in 1922. Played Herbert in "Rupert of Hentzau" in 1923. Played Mordecai Newman in "The Eleventh Hour" in 1923. Played Litchfield Stope in "Wild Oranges" in 1924. Played Dr. Sanchez in "Mademoiselle Midnight" in 1924. Played Jehan Daas in "A Boy of Flanders" in 1924. Played Dimitri in "Three Weeks" in 1924. Played Skipper in "The Ancient Mariner" in 1925. Played Revolutionary in "A Regular Fellow" in 1925. Played Simonides in "Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ" in 1925. Played Rajah Jagore in "Yellow Fingers" in 1926. Played Dr. Hermann von Berg in "The Greater Glory" in 1926. Played Marchese Rinaldo in "Don Juan" in 1926. Played The Padre in "The Gaucho" in 1927. Played Astrologer in "The Beloved Rogue" in 1927. Played Crippled Pencil Peddler in "My Best Girl" in 1927. Played Peasant in "Wings" in 1927. Played Rabbi Mendel Lyon in "Surrender" in 1927. Played The Notary in "Soft Cushions" in 1927. Played The French Doctor in "The Patent Leather Kid" in 1927. Performed in "Frenzy" in 1928. Played Samson in "Loves of an Actress" in 1928. Played Danish Louie in "Me, Gangster" in 1928. Played Minister of Police in "The Divine Sinner" in 1928. Played Bishop in "The Red Dance" in 1928. Played The Prince of Orange in "Two Lovers" in 1928. Played Tsering Lama in "The Wheel of Life" in 1929. Played Cardinal Richelieu in "The Iron Mask" in 1929. Played Maynard in "Thru Different Eyes" in 1929. Played Temple Priest in "The Green Goddess" in 1930. Played Elijah in "Moby Dick" in 1930. Played Petushkov in "Redemption" in 1930. Played Hasmali - the Witch Doctor in "Golden Dawn" in 1930. Played Rao Rama in "Son of India" in 1931. Played Autopsy Surgeon in "Alias the Doctor" in 1932. Played Coroner James A. Clemp in "Miss Pinkerton" in 1932. Played Yogi Teacher in "Chandu the Magician" in 1932. Played Priest in "Rasputin and the Empress" in 1932. Played McTavish in "Life in the Raw" in 1933. Played The Man in Black in "The Spectacle Maker" in 1934. Played Official Giving Instructions to Soldier in "The House of Rothschild" in 1934. Played Richelieu in "The Three Musketeers" in 1935. Played Edfu Ahmad in "Charlie Chan in Egypt" in 1935. Played Aristocrat in "A Tale of Two Cities" in 1935. Played Demetrius in "Down to the Sea" in 1936. Played Judge in "Mary of Scotland" in 1936. Played Lector at Monastery in "The Garden of Allah" in 1936. Played Padre at Wedding in "Robin Hood of El Dorado" in 1936. Played Father Gonzales in "White Legion" in 1936. Played Dr. Hall in "Half Angel" in 1936. Played Old Man in "San Francisco" in 1936. Played Don Manuel Vega in "Zorro Rides Again" in 1937. Played Don Francisco Escobar in "The Californian" in 1937. Played Philosopher in "The Last Train from Madrid" in 1937. Played Archbishop in "Marie Antoinette" in 1938. Played Bit Role in "Joaquin Murrieta" in 1938. Played Russian Priest in "Heaven with a Barbed Wire Fence" in 1939. Played Convict in "The Hound of the Baskervilles" in 1939. Played Father Fisher in "The Mad Empress" in 1939. Played Cardinal Richelieu in "The Man in the Iron Mask" in 1939. Played Convict Mike Faleri in "Mutiny in the Big House" in 1939. Played Moses in "Viva Cisco Kid" in 1940. Played Peytow in "One Million B.C." in 1940. Played Shazam in "Adventures of Captain Marvel" in 1941. Played Father Zachary in "Wrecking Crew" in 1942. Played Danton in "Tonight We Raid Calais" in 1943. Played himself in "Flicker Flashbacks No. 2, Series 5" in 1947. Played Don Manuel Vega in "Zorro Rides Again" in 1959. Played Jokaanan in "Before Stonewall" in 1984.

An Overview of the Cities and Towns of Ancient Egypt Cities in ancient Egypt grew out of the development of agriculture and the emergence of the state as the unifying and predominant form of political organization. However, even as early as 3500 BC, towns and cities (if they can be called such), consisted of regional capitals linked to the population centers of smaller administrative districts. The term we most frequently apply to these districts is nome, which was actually not used to describe a province until the Greek Period. During the New Kingdom, the Egyptian word for "city" was niwt, a term which in the earliest texts of the 1st Dynasty refers to "settlement". As early as the 5th Dynasty, the term for a "town" or large village was dmi. The term for "village", which was apparently linked to the word for "household", was whyt. Unfortunately, our knowledge about Egyptian cities, and settlements in general is limited. Every aspect of of ancient Egyptian cities conspires to limit our understanding. Settlements and cities were located on the floodplain, with a preference for proximity to the Nile, in order to receive goods by boat and for its source of water. Unlike temples and tombs, most housing and public buildings in these cities and settlements were made of mudbrick throughout pharaonic times and shifts in the course of the Nile, the build-up of the floodplain by the annual deposition of silt and the impact of high Nile floods have all led to their destruction, which has sometimes been complete. Many cities, such as Thebes, have been built over by modern settlements, and even when some remains have survived, the mudbrick has been harvested by farmers to use as fertilizer. Finally, archaeological investigations since the nineteenth century have focused on temples and tombs, with their rich and spectacular art, sculpture and architecture, rather than the few less thrilling ancient Egyptian towns. Early prehistoric settlement sites in the Nile Valley vary in size from as little as about 16 meters. The largest sites probably represent repeated occupations, with lateral displacement through time. By contrast, the Predynastic villages were the result of permanent occupation with a vertical build-up of deposits. Prior to about 5000 BC, the inhabitants of the Nile Valley were mostly foragers who practiced fishing, fowling, hunting and collecting wild plants. The first known farming community then occupied a site at the edge of the floodplain of the Nile Delta at Merimda Beni Salama, about twenty-five kilometers to the northwest of Cairo. This was a large village, consisting of about 180,000 square meters and it remained populated for about 1,000 (one thousand) years, until about 4000 BC. At the end of this period, the dwellings consisted of clusters of semi-subterranean huts made from mud with mud-plastered walls and floors. The village had residential areas interspersed with workshops and public areas. Even though the orientation of huts in rows seems to suggest some organizational order, there is really no indication of elite areas or any pronounced hierarchical organization. Initial estimates of the village population were around 16,000, but more recent investigations suggest that it more likely had between 1,300 and 2,000 inhabitants, provided the whole of the area was simultaneously occupied. Around 3500 BC, the village of Maadi was established about fifteen kilometers south of present day Cairo, probably as a trade center. The site shows evidence of huts, storage magazines, silos and cellars. We believe that Maadi was at the end of an overland trade route to Palestine, and was probably inhabited by middlemen from the Levant at that time, as evidenced by house and grave patterns. In fact, trade items including copper and bitumen from southwest Asia have been unearthed in this location. There were also artifacts discovered that associate the site with Upper Egypt, suggesting that Maadi was a trade link between the south and the Levant. Maadi seems to have been about the same size as Merimda Beni Salama. At about the same time in the Nile Valley, the two towns of Hierakonpolis and Naqada became much more important, growing in relationship to neighboring villages. Hierakonpolis was contained in an area of about 50,000 to 100,000 square meters, which is comparable in area to the area known as South Town in the Naqada region. Excavations at Hierakonpolis reveal that over time, the village shifted to the northeast, suggesting that older areas were abandoned and used for disposal. At any one time, there were probably between 1,500 and 2,000 inhabitants. Prior to the emergence of South town in the Naqada region, the area was dotted with small villages and hamlets between the edge of the floodplain and the desert margin. Dating to around 3800 BC, these villages, often spaced about two kilometers apart, consisted mostly of flimsy huts. However, by about 3600 BC, one of those villages began to build up into a true town. No other villages at the edge of the desert are known from that time. Of course, as the town grew, some of the rural population was incorporated into the emerging urban center, and a low Nile flood level caused some shifting of village communities closer to the river. South Town possibly developed into an urban settlement because of its association with a religious cult and shrine, which became a center for solidarity among the villages, which were probably organized by kin-related lineages and clans. It probably developed into an early administrative center, where food exchanges and trade transactions among the villages and even nearby nomads of the Eastern Desert were overseen. The villages of Naqada seem to also have established trade with Hierakonpolis, where the development of an urban center was possibly most related to its trade with Nubia and the Near East by way of Maadi. A decline in the Nile flood discharge and an increase in demands for trade goods by expanding urban dwellers, beginning from around 3500 to 3300 BC, led to the integration of neighboring communities into larger political units, with territorial chiefdoms and petty kingdoms. This also led to some sporadic warfare and therefore, fortified walled cities. Each of these became associated with a territorial standard representing the tribal or ethnic groups. In Mesopotamia, this evolution led to the emergence of city states, but perhaps because of the linear arrangement and limitations of the Nile Valley, this did not happen in Egypt. Instead, the course of the Nile Valley urbanization followed a political transformation that we believe, around 3200 BC, led to the emergence of some sub-national unity. Abydos, north of Naqada and Hierakonpolis, existed as a locus of proto-national power that even controlled parts of the Delta some two centuries before the emergence of the 1st Dynasty. The royal necropolis of Abydos continued as a significant religious establishment well after the emergence of Memphis. By 3000 BC, the unification of all the administrative districts under a single theocratic dynasty was accomplished, we are told, by Menes. Memphis was a result of this unification. The fist kings of Egypt's 1st Dynasty, by consolidating their power at Memphis, diminished the possibility of the rise of rival urban centers. These early kings display considerable brilliance in their consolidation of power at Memphis, developing a royal ideology that bonded all the districts to the person of the ruler, rather than to any given territory. Furthermore, some of the most powerful local deities were included in a cosmogony at Memphis that removed them from their local political districts. Unfortunately, we know very little about ancient Memphis itself. Though it remained an important population center throughout pharaonic history, Memphis remains mostly a mystery, though recent investigations using new technologies are beginning to provide some enlightenment. For example we now know that the city, over its vast history of some three millenniums, shifted eastward in response to the invasion of sand dunes and a shift in the course of the Nile. Later, other royal cities emerged to become royal capitals, though Memphis always seems to have been an administrative center. Tell el-Dab'a, located in the northeastern Nile Delta, was the residential site of Egyptianized Canaanites and elite Delta administrators. This town was possibly established on the site of an earlier estate, established at the beginning of the 12th Dynasty, as a royal palace of Amenemhet I. The town became the capital city of Egypt during the Hyksos dynasty from about 1585 to 1532, probably because of its favorable location for trade with the coastal Levant and the administration of mining activities in the Sinai. Then, this city's name was probably Avaris. Later, during the Ramessid era, the new capital of Piramesses was located nearby. Obviously, during the New Kingdom, Thebes became very important, certainly rivaling Memphis. However, the city of Thebes is now completely covered by modern Luxor, and remains almost completely unknown except for the information derived from its temples and monuments, and from some rare excavations. We do know that the Middle Kingdom town consisted of an area of about 3,200 by 1,600 feet, made up on a grid plan and surrounded by a wall measuring some twenty feet thick. That city appears to have been almost completely leveled at the beginning of the New Kingdom, to accommodate the creation of the Great Temple complex of Karnak with a new residential area and suburbs that perhaps spread as far as eight kilometers from the city center. During the Third Intermediate Period, Tanis, which is located about twenty kilometers north of Piramesses became an important royal city, and during the Late Period, Sais, which is situated on one of the western branches of the Nile and which is one of the earliest prominent settlements of the Delta, became a powerful capital. Of course, during the Ptolemaic (Greek) Period, Alexandria, located northwest of Sais, became Egypt's capital until the Arab invasion. However, the cities of ancient Egypt, including their locations, functions and organization, were related to various dynamics that shaped the course of Egyptian civilization based on both internal and external forces. There were many specialized cities such as those based on trade. Others, for example, were made up of artisans, craftsmen and workers related to various royal projects. Some of the best preserved of these are four different workers villages have survived to some extent, all of which were situated somewhat off of the Nile. The village at Deir el-Medina is perhaps one of the best known, located on the western bank of the Nile opposite Thebes. It does provide an idea of the organization of a specialized village, as well as a somewhat distorted view of village life. Another workers' village is located at Illahun, on the eastern end of the 12th Dynasty pyramid complex of Senusret II. That town was later occupied by officials of the king's mortuary cult. A third workers' village was discovered at Tell el-Amarna, the capital city built by the heretic king Akhenaten. It was build on the edge of the desert to the east of the Nile, and because the city was abandoned early on, provides one of the clearest indications of village design and construction, though it may not be completely reprehensive of other settlements. A final workers' and surprisingly, one of the last to be excavated, is found at Giza just outside Cairo The town of Illahun (Kahun) is also representative of various settlements that existed where priests and others were responsible for the rituals and observances related to the mortuary cult of the king, as well as the foundation estate created to finance such cults. Some of these also became administrative centers, in addition to their responsibilities for maintaining the cult. Another clear example of specialized Egyptian towns were the fortress towns, of which some of the best known were in Nubia and date to the Middle Kingdom. However, there were other similar towns in the northeast and probably even the northwest, particularly later, that protected the borders from Asian and other invaders, as well as from massive immigration. The Egyptian state had also assumed a strategy to control the exploitation and flow of goods from Nubia, where these fortresses were built on either flat land or hills. One of the largest was the fortress excavated at Buhen, abut 250 kilometers south of Aswan. It consisted of a fortress built on an Old Kingdom site that consisted of an inner citadel, surrounded by a mud-brick enclosure wall some five meters thick and eight to nine meters high, all overlooking the Nile. These fortresses in Nubia were developed into towns, with temples and residential areas. Residential areas surrounded the citadel and were adjacent to a temple. As Egyptian civilization progressed, there appears to have been some seventeen cities and twenty-four towns in an administrative network that linked them to the national capital. Though of course the population varied over time, it has been estimated at between 100,000 and 200,000 people. The populations of provincial capitals and towns were perhaps fairly small, ranging from 1,400 to 3,000 inhabitants. We believe that Illahun, Edfu, Hierakonpolis and Abydos would have been populated by 2,200, 1,800, 1,400 and 900 people, respectively. Tell el-Amarna, on the other hand, as a royal capital would have had a population of between 20,000 and 30,000. Older capitals, such as Memphis and Thebes, may have reached a level of between 30,000 and 40,000 inhabitants at the peaks of their occupation. The population of these cities and towns were not urban in a modern sense, but perhaps more similar to today's provincial Egyptian towns, which have unmistakable rural aspects to them. The residents consisted not only of urban dwellers, but also of rural people, such as farmers and herdsmen who went out to the countryside each day. Urban inhabitants included artisans, scribes, priests, tax-collectors, servants, guards and soldiers, entertainers and shopkeepers. The kings, nobles and the temples possessed estates that employed a variety of personnel, many of whom were rural workers on the agricultural land. These cities and towns certainly had a hierarchical organization, which included not only palaces, mansions and temples, but also the humble dwellings for the functionaries and peasants, along with workshops, granaries, storage magazines, shops and local markets, all the institutions of residential urban life. Irregardless of their size, towns and cities became centers of power. In these urban centers, both priests and nobles provided the fabric of the state ideology, as well as the administration of major economic and legal affairs. It was the cities of ancient Egypt that allowed the country to grow into an empire and assume the sophistications of a world power.