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How would you use courteousness in a sentence?

The princess' courteousness is legendary in her country.

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Characterized by courteousness, affability, or gentleness; of good appearance and manners; graceful; complaisant.

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Name a technique that helps to maintain a high level of courteousness when driving?

Practicing defensive driving by being aware of other drivers, staying calm in traffic situations, and using polite gestures such as waving to thank other drivers can help maintain a high level of courteousness while driving.

3 answers

What is the Gaelic word for chivalry?

In the Irish language 'chivalry' is translated as:

Ridireacht (knighthood; chivalry)

Cuirtéis (courtesy)

Siodúlacht ('silkiness'; urbanity/suavity; courteousness/gentleness)

In Scottish Gaelic: ...

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What is the synonym of graciousness?

good manners, affability, chivalry, civility, consideration, cordiality, courteousness, courtliness, friendliness, gallantry, geniality, good behavior, good breeding, politeness, refinement, tact, thoughtfulness

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How does the poet establish the excelling beauty of his friend?

To establish the excelling beauty of a friend, a poet would foremost justify the solidarity of the person's statistical nature. Then, substitutionary would be described using uttermost utility. Thirdly the poet would discreetly analyse the field in which the oligopolistic person lay in. REFERENCE: chapter 10:1 John of the Bible - " Thous, hast courteousness of thee disconsolate that thy must conduct in the outstanding beauty, methinks."

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What does the tenth commandment refer to?

Exodus 20:17 is the tenth commandment it is a prohibition of courteousness. It refers to thoughts and shows us the law of God not only forbids external acts of sin but also inward acts - which are not known by others - are also sinful .

2 answers

What criteria is most important in regards to being a sports official?

The following is a list borrowed mostly from the National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS) Basketball Officials Manual but with some modifications and not in a specific order of importance (because they are ALL important):

Preparation

Conditioning (being in physical shape)

Knowledge of the Rules

Appearance

Decisiveness

Thick Skinned

Fair and Impartial

Demonstrates Integrity

Maintains Control of the Game

Prevents Trouble

Remains Calm

Non-Argumentative

Courteousness

Attention to Detail

I have left out some, but you get the picture.

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How does Creon treat Teiresias in 'Antigone'?

From an initial warm welcome to sustained rudeness is the way in which Creon treats Teiresias in "Antigone" by Sophocles (495 B.C.E. - 405 B.C.E.).

Specifically, Theban King Creon initially acts friendly and respectful when Teiresias the blind prophet shows up. But he quickly loses all semblance of courteousness when he hears what Teiresias has to say. Creon rejects all criticism of his policies so he is most unhappy with being pinpointed as the cause of the environmental pestilence, polluted altars and wrathful gods in Thebes. He terminates the conversation with insults and threats.

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Is there a perfect time of year to clean my carpet?

Yes. Spring, summer, fall, and winter. Spring cleanings lessen the dust and pollen in your carpet. This is a fine thing. And if you have allergies, this is a great thing. Summer-time heat can bring with it unlikable odors caused by bacteria flourishing on humidity. This will be eliminated by having your carpet competently cleaned and disinfected. Fall is back-to-school time (we know you live for that). This makes for another ideal cleaning opportunity. A clean residence is yours again... at least until 3 o'clock or so. Come winter, you're 'holed up' inside for months, living with the whole thing that gets tracks in on your carpet from soil-laden snow and salt. If you clean it off your car frequently... your carpet would possibly appreciate the same courteousness.

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What is the importance of writing business letters?

Business letters are the existence-inhalation of business. Despite the accessibility of phone, unadventurous mail is motionless very fashionable. People in the vein of the experience of a high-quality old "letter" in furnish. It also increases accomplish of a trade house.

A letter is printed to achieve where you cannot reach yourself, and articulate what you cannot declare yourself in my opinion. Thus a letter plays the function of your representative or diplomat. All the qualities of a superior ambassador - the shine and the courteousness, the acquaintance and the convincing supremacy - have to be there in a good company letter.

The rivalry in at the moment's business globe is described as "incredible" - too unbreakable to suppose. Those who have survived the opposition and made it to the pinnacle are the ones who mastered, in the middle of other things, the painting of writing high-quality letters.

Moreover, it is originate that practically 70% of the world's intercontinental business communication is in English. It follows a quantity of principles which have to be learnt. These may of itinerary revolutionize from occasion to occasion and from state to state have to construct ourselves up- to-date in this substance.

Reasons why a business letter is precious

(i) Drafting at expediency

(ii) Reaches outlying and spacious

(iii) A record for rationale of regulation

(iv) A confirmation for indication

(v) Solidifies a business acquaintance

(vi) Helps to swell business

(vii) Saves capital in communication

(viii) Convenient for giving disagreeable news

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How is a school gang different from Boy Scouts?

Boy Scouts don't kill people ... gangs do.

Boy Scouts don't sell drugs ... gangs do.

Boy Scouts are trustworthy, loyal, helpful, friendly, courteous, kind, obedient, cheerful, thrifty, brave, clean, and reverent ... gangs are not.

Boy Scouts will do their best to do their duty to God and country; to help other people at all times; to keep myself physically strong, mentally awake, and morally straight ... gangs do not.

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What are examples of nouns?

A noun is a word for a person, a place, or a thing. Examples are:

ability
absence
Africa
air
anger
animal
answer
Antarctica
apple
area
back
ball
Barack Obama
beginning
board
Bob
book
border
bottom
boundary
bracelet
bunny
burger
bus driver
car
carrot
cat
Celine Dion
centre
chair
cheese
city
clown
concept
concrete
cores
courteousness
danger
darkness
destruction
diamond
dog
doll
dress
duck
economy
edge
egg
emptiness
end
energy
example
explosion
farmer
fire
fish
flash
flesh
flower
force
form
front
gap
grape
gravity
green
hat
heat
heater
hole
hope
horse
house
idea
instant
interval
invisibility
James
John
joke
jug
kick
kindness
kite
knife
label
lack
lamp
Las Vegas
letter
light
lollipop
Luxembourg
macaroni
magnetism
mall
mary
McDonald's
middle
moment
money
movement
Mumbai
name
neighbor
noon
noun
opal
orange
ostrich
outside
Paris, France
park
pause
pen
pencil
period
person
place
point
pom-pom
question
region
seed
side
silence
size
slippers
Spongebob Squarepants
surface
sympathy
symphony
table
things
Titanic
top
uncle
urgency
value
vase
Vaseline
walls
Walmart
Washington
water
Wisconsin
wolf
wood
xylophone
yellow
yellowness
zebra
zest
zoo
zoologist

Note: nouns in all lower case are common nouns; words starting with capital letters are proper nouns.

Here are some examples of the many kinds of things nouns can label.

Physical objects:

* person, dog, house

Substances:

* water, air, concrete, wood

Names of people and places:

* John, Mary, Antarctica, Mumbai

Actions and events:

* a great kick, a relaxing swim, a tight squeeze, a loud explosion, the destruction of the city

Qualities:

* yellowness, courteousness, kindness

Abstract concepts:

* concept, noun, economy, sympathy

Forces and forms of energy:

* fire, light, heat, movement, gravity, magnetism

Points, surfaces and boundaries:

* point, surface, boundary, border, top, bottom, front, back, side, edge, middle, centre, area, region

* beginning, end, moment, instant, period, interval

Absences of things:

* absence, gap, hole, lack, darkness, silence, pause, emptiness, invisibility

Some examples of nouns are:

airplane
baby
carrot
dog
Egypt
fun
grandfather
Hawaii
ice
June
knee
lobster
Manchester
noun
Orville Wright
piano
quail
road
strength
toe
Uruguay
vacation
watermelon
Xerox Corporation
Yellowstone National Park
zither

A noun is a word for a person, a place, or a thing.

A noun functions as the subject of a sentence or a clause and the object of a verb or a preposition. Examples:

Noun subject of sentence: Aunt Jane made cookies for Jack and Jill.
Noun subject of clause: The cookies that Aunt Jane made are for Jack and Jill.
Noun object of verb: Aunt Jane made cookies for Jack and Jill.
Noun object of preposition: Aunt Jane made cookies for Jack and Jill.

A noun can function as a predicate nominative (subject complement), a noun or a pronoun following a linking verb that restates or stands for the subject.

A noun as predicate nominative: Jack and Jill are twins.

A noun can functions as an object complement, a noun that follows and modifies or refers to a direct object.

A noun as object complement: Jack and Jill love their aunt, Jane.

A noun can function as a noun of direct address, the name of or a noun for the person spoken to.

A noun of direct address: Aunt Jane, may I have a cookie?

A noun can function as a possessive noun to indicate ownership, possession, origin or purpose.

A possessive noun: Aunt Jane's cookies are the best.

A noun can function as an adjective to describe another noun, this is called an attributive noun. Example:

Noun as adjective: Aunt Jane made almond cookies.

A noun is can function as a word to group other nouns, this is called a collective noun. Example:

A collective noun: Aunt Jane made a batch of cookies.

A noun is a word for a person, a place, or a thing.

Example sentences (nouns in bold):

My brother is away. (person)
We can walk through the park. (place)
Would you like some pie? (thing)
My daughter takes ballet.
Mother made cookies for the party.
The car broke down on the bridge.
I come from Texas.
I'd like an apple please.
I saw the boy on his bicycle.
Dolls in pretty dresses lined the dresser.

1 answer

Are there any words that start with cou?

4-letter words

coup

5-letter words

couch, coude, cough, could, count, coupe, coups, court, couth

6-letter words

cougar, coughs, coulee, counts, county, couped, coupes, couple, coupon, course, courts, cousin, couter, couths

7-letter words

couched, coucher, couches, cougars, coughed, cougher, couldst, coulees, couloir, coulomb, coulter, council, counsel, counted, counter, country, couping, coupled, coupler, couples, couplet, coupons, courage, courant, courier, courlan, coursed, courser, courses, courted, courter, courtly, cousins, couteau, couters, couther, couthie, couture, couvade

8-letter words

couchant, couchers, couching, coughers, coughing, couldest, coulisse, couloirs, coulombs, coulters, coumaric, coumarin, coumarou, councils, counsels, counters, countess, countian, counties, counting, couplers, couplets, coupling, courages, courante, couranto, courants, couriers, courlans, coursers, coursing, courters, courtesy, courtier, courting, couscous, cousinly, cousinry, couteaux, couthest, couthier, coutures, couvades

9-letter words

couchings, coulisses, coulombic, coumarins, coumarous, councilor, counseled, counselee, counselor, countable, countably, countdown, countered, countians, countless, countries, couplings, couponing, courantes, courantos, courgette, coursings, courteous, courtesan, courtiers, courtlier, courtroom, courtship, courtside, courtyard, cousinage, couthiest, couturier

10-letter words

coulometer, coulometry, councillor, councilman, councilmen, councilors, counselees, counseling, counselled, counsellor, counselors, countdowns, counteract, counterbid, countercry, countering, counterion, counterman, countermen, counterspy, countersue, countertop, countesses, countryish, countryman, countrymen, couplement, couponings, courageous, courantoes, courgettes, courseware, courtesans, courtesied, courtesies, courthouse, courtliest, courtrooms, courtships, courtsides, courtyards, couscouses, cousinages, cousinhood, cousinries, cousinship, couturiere, couturiers

11-letter words

coulometers, coulometric, councillors, counselings, counselling, counsellors, countenance, counteracts, counterbade, counterbids, counterblow, countercoup, counterfeit, counterfire, counterflow, counterfoil, counterions, countermand, countermemo, countermine, countermove, countermyth, counterpane, counterpart, counterplan, counterplay, counterplea, counterplot, counterploy, counterpose, counterraid, countershot, countersign, countersink, counterstep, countersued, countersues, countersuit, countersunk, countertops, countervail, counterview, countlessly, countrified, countryfied, countryseat, countryside, countrywide, couplements, coursewares, courteously, courtesying, courthouses, courtliness, cousinhoods, cousinships, couturieres

12-letter words

coulometries, councilmanic, councilwoman, councilwomen, counsellings, countability, countenanced, countenancer, countenances, counteracted, counteragent, counterargue, counterblast, counterblows, countercheck, counterclaim, countercoups, countercries, counterfeits, counterfired, counterfires, counterflows, counterfoils, counterforce, counterimage, countermands, countermarch, countermemos, countermines, countermoved, countermoves, countermyths, counteroffer, counterorder, counterpanes, counterparts, counterplans, counterplays, counterpleas, counterplots, counterploys, counterpoint, counterpoise, counterposed, counterposes, counterpower, counterpunch, counterraids, counterrally, countershots, countersigns, countersinks, counterspell, counterspies, counterstain, counterstate, countersteps, counterstyle, countersuing, countersuits, countertenor, countertrade, countertrend, countervails, counterviews, counterworld, countryseats, countrysides, countrywoman, countrywomen, courageously

13-letter words

counselorship, countenancers, countenancing, counteracting, counteraction, counteractive, counteragents, counterargued, counterargues, counterattack, counterbidden, counterblasts, counterchange, countercharge, counterchecks, counterclaims, counterdemand, countereffort, counterfeited, counterfeiter, counterfiring, counterforces, counterimages, countermanded, countermelody, countermoving, counteroffers, counterorders, counterpicket, counterplayer, counterpoints, counterpoised, counterpoises, counterposing, counterpowers, counterraided, counterreform, countersigned, countersniper, counterspells, counterstains, counterstated, counterstates, counterstream, counterstrike, counterstroke, counterstyles, countertenors, counterterror, counterthreat, counterthrust, countertrades, countertrends, countervailed, counterweight, counterworlds, countinghouse, courteousness, courtlinesses

14-letter words

councillorship, counselorships, countabilities, counteractions, counterarguing, counterassault, counterattacks, counterbalance, counterbidding, counterchanged, counterchanges, countercharged, countercharges, counterchecked, counterclaimed, counterculture, countercurrent, counterdemands, counterefforts, counterexample, counterfactual, counterfeiters, counterfeiting, countermanding, countermarched, countermarches, countermeasure, counterordered, counterpickets, counterplayers, counterplotted, counterpointed, counterpoising, counterproject, counterprotest, counterpunched, counterpuncher, counterpunches, counterraiding, counterrallied, counterrallies, counterreforms, countershading, countersigning, countersinking, countersnipers, counterstained, counterstating, counterstepped, counterstreams, counterstrikes, counterstrokes, countertactics, counterterrors, counterthreats, counterthrusts, countervailing, counterweights, countinghouses, courageousness

15-letter words

coulometrically, councillorships, counterargument, counterassaults, counterattacked, counterattacker, counterbalanced, counterbalances, counterblockade, countercampaign, counterchanging, countercharging, counterchecking, counterclaiming, countercultural, countercultures, countercurrents, countercyclical, counterevidence, counterexamples, counterguerilla, counterinstance, counterirritant, countermarching, countermeasures, countermelodies, countermovement, counterordering, counterpetition, counterpicketed, counterplotting, counterpointing, counterpressure, counterprojects, counterproposal, counterprotests, counterpunchers, counterpunching, counterquestion, counterrallying, counterreaction, counterreformer, counterresponse, countershadings, counterstaining, counterstepping, counterstrategy, countertendency, counterviolence, counterweighted, courteousnesses

16-letter words

counterarguments, counterassaulted, counterattackers, counterattacking, counterbalancing, counterblockaded, counterblockades, countercampaigns, counterclockwise, countercomplaint, countercriticism, counterculturist, countercurrently, counterespionage, counterevidences, counterguerillas, counterguerrilla, counterincentive, counterinflation, counterinfluence, counterinstances, counterinsurgent, counterintuitive, counterirritants, countermovements, counteroffensive, counterpetitions, counterpicketing, counterpressures, counterproposals, counterprotested, counterquestions, counterreactions, counterreformers, counterresponses, countersignature, counterstatement, counterterrorism, counterterrorist, countertradition, counterviolences, counterweighting, courageousnesses

17-letter words

counteraccusation, counteradaptation, counteraggression, counterassaulting, counterblockading, countercommercial, countercomplaints, counterconspiracy, counterconvention, countercriticisms, counterculturists, countercyclically, counterdeployment, counterespionages, countergovernment, counterguerrillas, counterhypotheses, counterhypothesis, counterincentives, counterinflations, counterinfluenced, counterinfluences, counterinsurgency, counterinsurgents, counteroffensives, counterpetitioned, counterproductive, counterpropaganda, counterprotesting, counterquestioned, counterrevolution, counterscientific, countersignatures, counterstatements, counterstrategies, counterstrategist, countersuggestion, countertendencies, counterterrorisms, counterterrorists, countertraditions

18-letter words

counteraccusations, counteradaptations, counteradvertising, counteraggressions, countercommercials, counterconventions, counterculturalism, counterdemonstrate, counterdeployments, countereducational, countergovernments, counterinfluencing, counterinstitution, counterintuitively, counterpetitioning, counterprogramming, counterpropagandas, counterquestioning, counterreformation, counterretaliation, counterrevolutions, counterstrategists, countersuggestions

19-letter words

counteradvertisings, counterconditioning, counterconspiracies, counterculturalisms, counterdemonstrated, counterdemonstrates, counterdemonstrator, counterinflationary, counterinstitutions, counterinsurgencies, counterintelligence, countermobilization, counterprogrammings, counterreformations, counterretaliations, countersurveillance, countertransference

20-letter words

counterconditionings, counterdemonstrating, counterdemonstration, counterdemonstrators, counterintelligences, countermobilizations, counterrevolutionary, countersurveillances, countertransferences

21-letter words

countercountermeasure, counterdemonstrations, counterinterpretation

22-letter words

countercountermeasures, counterinterpretations, counterrevolutionaries

624 words found.

1 answer

Could u analyze the main characters of Pygmalion?

CHARACTER ANALYSIS

Henry Higgins

Higgins is an extremely interesting character and the life of the play. Although the play's obvious concern is the metamorphosis of a common flower girl into a duchess, the development of Higgins' character is also important. The play isn't only Eliza's story. One also detects changes in Higgins or to be more precise he appears to the reader in a new light at the end. This is seen when he tells Eliza that he has grown accustomed to seeing her face and hearing her voice. This is not much of a sensitive display of emotions but it is quite different than the savage invective he hurled at her at the beginning of the play in Covent Garden.

Higgins is portrayed as being highly educated. Apart from being a professor of phonetics, he has a deep reverence for literature and fancies himself as a poet. In all seriousness he thinks highly of "the treasures of (his) Mittonic mind." He is self-indulgent, whimsical, and ill mannered when it comes to interacting with other people.

Higgins is not a man given to extravagant aesthetic tastes. The walls in the Wimpole street laboratory are not adorned by paintings but by engravings. His passionate fondness for sweets and chocolates stands out in comic contrast to his seriousness and austere mode of living. Higgins' most prominent characteristic is his restlessness and the consequent inability to sit still. He is constantly tripping and stumbling over something. For instance, in Act Three, Shaw writes in the stage directions that Higgins's sudden arrival at his mother's at home is accompanied by minor disasters - "He goes to the divan, stumbling into the fender and over the fire-irons on his way; extricating himself with muttered impatiently on the divan that he almost breaks it". These quirks and oddities of his character contribute to the laughs in the play and place Higgins in the tradition of the comic hero.

It is obvious that simply as a professor of phonetics Higgins would not have been very humorous. Thus Shaw makes Higgins obsessed with his profession. His devotion to phonetics is so engrossing that it leaves little time or inclination for anything else. Consequently his behavior strikes people as odd and unconventional to the point of being rude. He despises the conventions of the middle class that include their manners and hypocritical sense of decorum. He claims to treat everyone with equal disrespect yet his invective is lavished on Eliza while Mrs. Eynsford-Hill and Clara, who represent a more despicable aspect of society are never verbally reprimanded; they are simply ignored.

Higgins's volatile temperament and frequent outbursts provide some of the most amusing moments in the play. While his apparently unfeeling condescending attitude towards Eliza in Act Two - "She's so deliciously low - so horribly dirty" might have earned the reader reprimand for a lesser character, at times the reader is forced to laugh. This is because Higgins is not acting socially superior nor does he bear any malice or pride. Rather he is amazed at Eliza's poverty and is only stating the facts in a very clever yet also tactless way. He is genuinely concerned about cleanliness, which is proved by his order to Mrs. Pearce to clean Eliza with Monkey Brand soap, burn all her dirty clothes and wrap her up in brown paper until new ones arrive from the shop.

When the play opens, the audience encounters an egotistical bully who harangues the helpless Eliza. He is insensitive to the feelings of those around him. However, surprisingly enough, the reader does not disapprove of his egoism and rather indulges his frequent tyrannical outbursts because this is the key to his character, his childishness. At a certain level Higgins is an overgrown child. Shaw wrote in his stage directions that Higgins is, "but for his years and size, rather like an impetuous baby 'taking notice' eagerly and loudly, and requiring almost as much watching to keep him out of unintended mischief."

His manner varies from genial bullying when he is in a good humor to stormy petulance when anything goes wrong, but he is so entirely frank and void of malice that he remains likeable even in his least reasonable moments. This trait of impetuous childishness in an otherwise extremely articulate and learned adult lends complexity to his characterization. This interpretation is confirmed by Higgins himself when he defends himself against the imagined notions held by Mrs. Pearce. He tells Colonel Pickering, "Here I am, a shy, diffident sort of man. I've never been able to feel really grown-up and tremendous, like other chaps. And yet she's firmly persuaded that I'm an arbitrary overbearing bossing kind of person. I can't account for it." His blindness to his faults serves to endear the audience to him despite him being an egoist and a bully.

It is important to note Higgins's lack of interest in women. In Act Three, Higgins's conversation with his mother regarding Eliza's society appearance gradually turns to the topic of young women and his antipathy towards them. Higgins dismisses the idea of any romantic association with a faint contempt for the fairer sex and dismisses them as "idiots." He categorically tells his mother, "Oh, I cant be bothered with young women. My idea of a lovable woman is something as like as you as possible. I shall never get into the way of seriously liking young women; some habits lie too deep to be changed." This antipathy to the fairer sex is a quintessential Shaw characteristic. Shaw believed that emotional entanglements were deterrents to intellectual fulfillment. Thus it is only natural that Higgins is single-mindedly devoted to his career and exhibits indifference bordering on contempt for women. Higgins embraces Pygmalion's typical distaste for the feminine.

Shaw further adds complexity to the issue by suggesting that the perfect woman for Higgins is his mother. This implies that Higgins only desires a sexually unchallenging mother figure who can take care of his daily necessities. This role is more or less fulfilled to a large extent by Mrs. Pearce, his housekeeper, who mothers and reproves him for his unsociable mannerisms. In his climatic encounter with Eliza in Act Five, Higgins declares that he cares for "life, for humanity" rather than for particular individuals. His world is too broad in scope and cannot revolve only around Eliza. It is this humanism which makes him repudiate Eliza's complaint with a profoundly meaningful rejoinder that "making life means making trouble."

Thus although there are several suggestions of the possibility of a romantic involvement between Higgins and Eliza, one knows that union between the two is impossible because of their fundamental incompatibility in their views they hold about life. The readers know that Higgins had bought a ring for Eliza in Brighton. One also learns that he has become habituated to her face and voice and depends upon her for his domestic needs. But one also realizes that the two of them could not live happily together. The main thrust of the play is not the depiction of the love between the master- pupil/artist-creation but rather the portrayal of the pupil's assertion of independence. Higgins is thus thrilled when Eliza is no longer a "millstone" hanging around his neck but at last a "woman" capable of taking care of herself.

Shaw questions the defining criteria of what constitutes a gentleman through the character of Higgins. It is obvious that Higgins's manners are not much better than those of the Covent Garden flower girl. In fact Higgins comes off much worse because of the fact that he has had all the civilizing benefits of wealth and education yet he is rude to the point of being boorish and ill mannered, is given to frequent inflammatory outbursts, and possesses abominable table manners. The fact that such an ill- mannered person is accepted by society as a "gentleman" provides Shaw with an opportunity to expose the shallowness and hypocrisy of such a society. Shaw thus critiques a society that views wealth and the ability to speak correctly as the constitutive criteria of a prescriptive gentleman. It is one of Shaw's master ironic strokes to make such a rude and boorish egotistical bully the main agent for transforming a common flower girl into a lady.

Eliza Doolittle

Eliza is the focal point of the play since its main thematic concern is the metamorphosis of a common flower girl to a lady. Shaw honestly admits in the epilogue that such metamorphoses are "common enough" and "have been achieved by hundreds of resolutely ambitious young women since Nell Gwynne set them the example by playing queens and fascinating kings in the theatre in which she began by selling oranges." Eliza thus occupies a stock romantic personality and Shaw's skill lies in not sentimentalizing her presentation. The play charts her growth and development as she moves form darkness to light and finally acquires self- awareness. Eliza moves from being a 'common flower girl' (in Acts One and Two) to becoming a 'lady' (in Acts Three and Four) and finally by the end of Act Five becomes a self-reliant 'woman' capable of facing reality.

When the play opens, the audience is shown a brief glimpse of the world that Eliza occupies as a flower girl as she tries to wheedle a few coins in return for violets from the group of people seeking shelter under the Portico of St. Paul's church. She is forced by her circumstances to coax money out of prospective customers. When a bystander warns her about the notetaker, who is recording her words she thinks that she is being suspected of soliciting as a prostitute simply because she belongs to a class that cannot afford lawyers and that is a typical profession for a girl of her class. She has to fend for herself and vehemently asserts the virtue and sacredness of her character. Her loud and hysterical protests against the imagined harm to her character irritate Higgins, who hurls a torrent of invectives at her. Eliza however can express her feeling of wonder and fear only by crying out an indistinguishable sounding "Ah-ah-ah-ow-ow-ow-oo!" A little later when she receives a handful of coins she goes almost wild with delight and lacking the ability to express her feelings articulately can again only utter a baffling "Ah-ah-ow-ow-oo!" For Eliza, pain, wonder, fear and delight become an indiscriminate sound of vowels. At this point the audience is not aware that beneath this dirt and terrible speech lies the ability to evolve into a polished human being

However, even in this pathetic state Eliza is not totally depraved. She is self-sufficient and capable of earning her living by selling flowers. She exhibits cleverness and a degree of resourcefulness to get the maximum value possible for her flowers. She has enough self-respect and pride to defend her honor. But most significantly she reveals an ambition to better her lot by hiring a cab with the money Higgins has thrown into her basket. Her hiring of the cab is the first small step in her quest for self-awareness. The cab acts as the vehicle that carries her over the threshold from the shabby indigent world to the comforts of genteel life in Act Two. Wearing an ostrich feather hat and a shabby worn out coat, Eliza strikes one as a pathetic and odd figure. She haughtily demands that Higgins teach her to speak properly so that she can become a lady in a flower shop instead of selling flowers. Evidently at this stage Eliza only craves the economic security and social respectability that would come with her ability to speak correctly. She does not know that this desire for security and respectability only constitutes the second small step in her larger quest for self-realization. However she is required to purge both her body and soul before she can ascend to a higher plane of awareness. Her haughty air is soon reduced to confusion, fear, and helplessness as she bears the tyrannical outbursts of Higgins who insultingly calls her a "baggage" and "a draggle-tailed guttersnipe."

Her soul is thus cleansed of childish pretensions as she encounters the grim real world. She undergoes a cleansing of her body at a physical level: her dirty clothes are burnt and her body purified through a hot bath.

By Act Three Eliza has become a lady but she still has a long and arduous journey before her. At Mrs. Higgins' at-home she fails to restrict her conversation to the weather and everybody's health - the topics prescribed by Higgins - and proceeds to describe to her audience her aunt's death which touches on some of the gruesome aspects of life in the slums such as poverty, alcoholism and murder. The irony is that her talk fails to bewilder the Eynsford- Hills who misconstrue it as the new small talk. Her expletive "bloody" is excitedly repeated by Clara, who wishes to appear as part of the latest trends. At this stage Eliza is nothing more than a live doll, an automaton without a mind of her own. She is still a lifeless statue with an element of crudeness in her parrot-like conversation. She is wearing a mask of gentility that imperfectly hides her lower class affiliation. Shaw demonstrates that only fine clothes and the right accent are not sufficient to make a lady. Eliza's accomplishments are artificial. As Mrs. Higgins astutely proclaims, Eliza is simply "a triumph of (Higgins') art and of her dressmaker's". However it stands to her credit that at least she behaves naturally without any affections unlike the pretentious Clara. By the time Eliza returns after her triumphant society debut at the Ambassador's ball, she no longer exhibits this element of crudeness. She has benefited from Higgins's lessons in social poise and has acquired the ability to express her feelings articulately.

In Act Four Eliza comes face to face with the great moment of truth and the reality of her situation. For the first time Eliza becomes aware of the impossibly wide gulf between her desires and the means at her disposal for fulfilling them. Higgins has unwittingly created in her a desire for the better things of life yet they are not available to her as she does not have the financial means to gain them only the poise and manners. When Higgins suggests that she could marry a wealthy husband, Eliza replies scornfully, "I sold flowers, I didn't sell myself" and that now she has been made a lady she isn't fit to sell anything else. Her stark rejoinder reveals a certain degree of emotional maturity and self- awareness. She then throws Higgins's slippers at him thereby freeing herself from a life of subordination and servitude. She returns the ring he had bought her in Brighton and determinedly leaves Wimpole Street. She has acquired a personality of her own and is no longer afraid to stand up to her creator and declare her independence.

By Act Five Eliza develops into a self-sufficient woman able to express her feelings coherently and displays the perfect social poise and ease even in a difficult situation. Her gentility has become an inseparable part of her character. She is no longer afraid of Higgins and talks to him on terms of equality. In fact she even negates Higgins' contribution to her metamorphosis and insists that "the difference between a lady and a flower girl is not how she behaves, but how she's treated". She categorically asserts that it was Colonel Pickering's unfailing courteousness and manners rather than Higgins' phonetic lessons that truly made her a lady. She does not let Higgins dominate her and rejects his proposal that he, she and Pickering live together like old bachelor buddies. She astounds Higgins with her announcement that she will marry Freddy, who loves her and support him by offering herself as an assistant to Nepommuck, Higgins' former student. Although shocked, Higgins is also happy that Eliza is no longer a worrisome "millstone" weighing down his neck. He cannot give her what she needs and so she must leave to find it. He is only concerned with reforming humanity while she is concerned with human compassion and intimacy. Changes in Eliza in Pygmalion

____________

Before Eliza first encountered Mr. Higgins, she was simply a dirty, yet caring girl in the gutter of London. During her time with both Mr. Higgins and Colonel Pickering, Eliza did change, for the fist few weeks of her stay in Wimpole Street, she questioned everything that Higgins asked her to do, and generally couldn't see how they would help her. Later, Eliza begins to understand that Higgins, as harsh as he is, is trying to do his best to teach her, and therefore should be respected. After the ambassador's ball, we see more of the old Eliza resurfacing. She starts to worry again, and since she has grown attached to Higgins and Pickering, is devastated to see their finding her so trivial. Eliza's basic character remains relatively unchanged. We can still observe the old Eliza, under the upper-class persona. The play, "Pygmalion" brings out the message that looks can be extremely deceiving, while touching on the issue that self presentation really does change the way people look at you.

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1 answer

What are the traditions of the iranun tribes?

Iranun was one of the oldest existing nations in the world during the ancient times with definite integral territory wherein the sovereign power and authority was exercised over it by the ligimate ruler. Iranun as a nation inhabited mainly the Crab Gulf (Moro Gulf). Its villages were established and concentrated in the Iranun Bay (Illana Bay). The origin was attributed to the people of the Uranen Kingdom of the primitive past inhabited in the Tbok (Malabang). Iranun was the first people who entered into a marriage affinity with Shariff Aulia and Shariff Kabunsuan. Bai sa Pandan (Princess Pagunguwan, daughter of Rajah Urangguwan) and Bai Angintabu respectively. Some of the Iranun genealogists identified her as Rinalaut. Their wedlocks where Sultan Kudarat has directly got his line of descent. Iranun was a breed nation between the Karibang-Karingke Line of descent and last wave of Malay migrants. The decendants of this marraige affinity sprang the Iranun nation whose first leader was King Urangguwan. The name of their place (state) was Uranen. During the advent of the Sharriffs, this nation was intermarraige with the Shariffs. The ancient Muslim civilization started and originated from the coastal area of the Uranen. Genealogists say that later in the succeding decades it was spread and extended to the Ranaw areas and the Upper Pulangi areas. The Biwang-Kawanan Tinday A Batal O Pagilidan (Two Huge Coastal Principalities) was the first organized and established political group headed by Rajah Makaapen after the death of Rajah Urangguwan, semoultaneously with Slangan Principality and Buayan. Later on sultanate system of government was established patterned from the system of government introduced by the Shariffs. The political system of the Iranun during Rajah Urangguwan was patterned from Sri Vishaya and Majapahit Empires. The society of the Iranun was a muslim. Its social class was classified into: Uripin (slave), Kadaklan (Dumato) and Pindatu (Ruling class). Iranun is a very hospitable and principled group of people. It is good and friendly contrary to the description of the western writers. Western writers described Iranun as pirates. This description is not true. As a matter of fact Iranun is the champion of hospitability and helpfulness. The Sultan of Brunie was being reinforced by Sultan Kudarat. The fleet was composed of Iranun warriors. The Sultan of Brunie was able to defend his sovereign state against invaders through the assistance of the Iranuns led by Sultan Kudarat. Tradition says that it inhabited the coastal areas of the Iranun Bay. It was said that Tbok, a place near the present site of Malabang was the center and seat of government of the ancient Iranun. It was headed by Rajah Urangguwan, the ruler of the Uranen Kingdom. The modern authorities in history have cited the fact that the ancient territory of the Uranen was the areas where Sultan Kudarat exerciced his sovereign authority and influence. It stressed from Punta de Flechas of Sibugay down to Tagalook (Davaw Gulf). These areas were recognized by the Spaniards. In the later decades, the Iranun as a group of people was covered. Most of the writers and historians did not mention Iranun in their writings. It is interesting to mention and include here that Iranun was the original tribe where other tribes sprang out, the mother of other native tribes in the Island. Let me discuss in the following paragraph. Modern historians made mention of Shariff Aulia. It is right that there was a Shariff Aulia who sometimes arrived in the Island. Shariff Aulia landed at the coast of Tbok and welcomed by Rajah Urangguwan, the ruler of the ancient Uranen Kingdom, a Kingdom situated and located at the Iranun Bay, Layagan Gulf (Moro Gulf). Shariff Aulia married Princess Pagunguwan( Princess Rinalaut in some version), a beloved and adored princess of her time, and a daughter of Rajah Urangguwan. They begot the four rajas: Rajah Makaapen, Rajah Dungklang, Rajah Maraguia, and Rajah Budtol. These four rajas explored and adventured the Island (Mindanaw). The first two (Makaapen and Dungklang) remained in the capital of the Kingdom. The other two ( Maraguia and Budtol) went south. Maraguia established his own community at the present Tantawan (PC Hill) in the present site of Cotabato City. Budtol went east through Pulangi River. He established his community in the present Buayan. It is interesting to include here and mention that Tantawan was once an island like Bunged (Bungo) and Timako. The Iranun tarsila has described that Tantawan was a military base during the ancient Uranen Kingdom. The huge biruar ( tower) was established in Tantawan to oversee the enemy which may come from south, north, east, and west portion of the Kingdom. It was a military naval base of the ancient Uranen Kingdom. Later as decades passed by and it becomes a century, it becomes as its present geographical view. According to the oral tradition, liitle by little a landmarsh was developed. Modern science explains the episode as a result of residual remains and sedimentary formation and process. In one of the lyrics of the darangan, it was mentioned that there were three islands which served as a guard islands of the Turugan (Palace) of the Ayunan Pangadapan O Inayunan O Kampong Sa Iliyan A Bembaran. Most of the Iranun experts and commentators in ancient/prehistorical facts are unanimous in findings that the three (3) islands mentioned in one of the darangan lyrics were the same and identical with Tantawan, Bunged (Bongo) and Timako. Therefore, these three islands are historic and considered as tourist spots of the Island. The relation between Bembaran and Uranen Kingdom was quite interesting to mention and discuss here. Some of the Iranun genealogists say that Bembaran and Uranen Kingdom were identical. Some says that Bembaran and its people was a legendary and it was one of the most narrated legends during the Uranen Kingdom. Some says that Bembaran which was the setting of the Darangen constituted the heights of the Uranen Kingdom. Out of these views, it is safe to say that Bembaran, the setting of the Darangan period occured during the Uranen Kingdom, and was one of the civilizations of the Kingdom. Going back to the issue on decendancy, Makaapen and Dungklang were the forefathers of the Iranun of the coastal areas of the Iranun Bay. Maraguia was the forefather of the Iranun in the City of Cotabato and near adjacent places. Budtol was the forefather of the Iranun of the Upper Stream. This stage of civilization was reinforced again when Shariff Kabunsuan arrived. Shariff Kabunsuan married Princess Angintabu, a daughter of Makaapen, begot Makaalang. Makaalang married his first cousin, a daughter of Rajah Dungklang named Princess Pidsarawdan begot Rajah Bangkaya. Rajah Bangkaya married a lady from Lupah Suog name Pangyan Mampay begot Kapitan Laut Buisan, the father of the strongest among the sultans of Mindanaw named Sultan Dipatuan Kudarat. Intermarriages among the offspring of the four rajas in the later decades were observed. Their intermarriage established a royal line of descent. This was the stage of civilization of the Iranun when whitemen came ( Spaniards in 1521). Iranun was a great warrior. Iranun were good navigator and sailor. Their skills and knowledge in navigation and of being a sailor is comparable to the skills of the whitemen ( Spaniards, Portugese and other westerners). During the counter offensive of Sultan Kudarat against the Spain Royal Armed Forces, mostly of the captains of the different vessels of Sultan Kudarat were Iranuns. Iranuns are champion of freedom. The Iranun defended the sovereign territory and authority of the present Moro Nation from aggression and invasion of the Spaniards. Iranun are jealous people as far as sovereign is concern. It is a fact that Iranun was the people whom the the Spaniards met during their invasion. The Spaniards described them as moro (moores in western version) because they portrayed the same quality in terms of field combat and fighting of the Moores people whom they fought in Northern Africa. This was the origin and beginning of using the term moro which referred to and described the Iranun people whom the Spaniards met in this Island particulrly Mactan, the recorded first bloodiest battle between the Spaniards and the native inhabitants. Thus the Moro is a colonial term introduced by the Spaniards replacing Iranun ( the original inhabitants).It was presented in the preceeding paragraphs that Iranun was the people whom the Spaniards met during invasion. The Spaniards introduced some strategies and techniques in order to reinforce and establish their colonial mission. It was their first priority to dismantle the original tribe for them to implement their mission effectively. The strategy was little by little leading to creation of other tribe within the Island. There are identified colonial terms which make Iranun tribe put into ash and ruined by colonialism. With due respect to other scholars, Iranun had been subdivided into different tribes. These tribes are: Maguindanawon, Mranaw, and Mragat (Islamized); Tiduray, Subanen, Kalagan, Manobo, Blaan, Bagobo, and other highlanders (Unislamized). The first three (3) sub Iranun tribes accepted the Ideology introduced by Shariff Aulia and Shariff Kabunsuan. Tiduray, and others did not accept the Ideology introduced by the two Shariffs. This is the reason of Moro (Iranun) has two groups of people in relation to belief: Islamized and Unislamized. Later on in the succeeding decades, Spaniards more and more intensify their colonial mission. On the other hand, the Dutch had the same mission with that of the Spaniards. The Dutch was expanding its sovereign in the Island. A rivalry between the two world super powers began in the Island. The rivalry between the Spaniards and the Dutch colonialists were contribute much in the ruinity of the Iranun as a people/nation. Factions were observed. Colonial concepts came in. With due respect to other scholars in history, the term Maguindanao although a native term connoting specific place is a colonialism sponsored term to destroy the original which is Slangan, which is the correct. Slangan was a confederated state of Tbok and Buayan after the death of Rajah Uranguwan. Slangan was led by Rajah Maraguia. Iranun tribe expanded in land of the Island until villages were established in the Unayan area (Ranaw). Iranun oral tradtion say that the first Iranun datu who explored the Ranaw area was Penduma. He was a descendant of Rajah Dungklang. He explored going in- land part of the Uranen Kingdom until finally he discovered Butig which became the seat of the Unayan. The established village in Butig (Unayan) flourished and developed into a center of trade, commerce and education of the time. Later on it expanded into other places around the Ranaw( Masio, Bayabaw, Baloi). Thus the creation and establishment of the Pat a Pangampungan Ko Ranaw (Four Lake-Based Principalities). Iranun nomenclature in relation to names of majors tribes were attributed to its geographical connotation. The people who remain in the coastal areas of the Uranen Kingdom is called Mragat, which means people of the seacoast (Ipagilidanen in Iranun version). The people who established villages around the ranaw (lake) is called Mranaw, which means people of the lake. The people who established villages in the inner part of the island in relation to its coastal areas is called Idalemen. The people who established villages beyond the dalem (inner part) limit is called Isbanganen. The people who established villages and reject the Ideology introduced by the Shariffs, in the inner part of the Island in relation to Slangan is generally called Tiduray. The people who established villages in the Upper Stream of the Pulangi River is called Irayaan (Taw sa Raya in some version). The people who established villages in the inner part of the Island in relation to the first seat of Uranen Kingdom at Tbok is generally called Subanen. Tiduray was the mother of all highlander tribes in the Cotabato areas. Subanen was the mother of all the highlanders tribes in Zamboanga areas. Kalagan was the mother of all highlander tribes of Davao areas. There are Iranuns in some kampongs (communities) in Sabah, Malaysia. Their existence in the Malaysian Archepilago specifically Sabah was attributed to the request of the Sultan of Brunie from Sultan Kudarat of reinforcement to augment his forces to defend his sovereign against invaders. The reinforcement was composed of Iranun warriors. After the defeat of the invaders, the Sultan of Brunie offered them a portion of his sovereign sultanate for them to live as an expression of friendship and gift for them. The warriors got their their families and transfer their residence and citizenship to Brunie Darussalam. They lived there. Their descendants are the identified Iranuns in Sabah. Uranen Kingdom whose seat of government was in Tbok had foreign contacts with the Sri Vishaya and Majapahet Empires. According to the oral tradition of the Iranun, their relationship was focused on education based on the system of their time. The type/system of education was more on mystical and rituals. Iranun during that civilization was experts in the languages of the two Malayan Empires. Some of the reading materials of those remote past are still preserved. Some of the Iranun genealogists stated that the mother of Princess Pagunguwan, the daughter of Rajah Urangguwan was one of the daughters of the last Emperor of the Sri Visahya Emperor. The two Royal Sovereigns shared technical skills especially on warriorship. Out of this program the Uranen Royal Warriors (armed forces) had been strengthened. Their skill in field combats and marine skills had improved. It is possible that the skill which was saw and encountered by the Spaniards attributed to this program.It is interesting to include in this script the inhabitants of Liusong (Luzon), Aninipay (Panay), Mactan and other ancient Kingdoms and sovereigns of the primitive past. What is the relation of Iranun with of the native inhabitants of Liusong, Aninipay, Mactan, and others ancient sovereigns? With due respect to other authorities in history, oral tradition of the Iranun says that all existing sovereigns during the ancient period in this country (now Philippines) were Iranuns. The inhabitants of the Sovereign Maynilad, Tondo, Mactan, Aninipay (Panay) and the Uranen were all Iranun. Thus Iranun was the original nationality of the people of the ancient these Islands. They were confederated to each other. Historians only stated that only the four Sovereigh districts of Aninipay were confederated. The truth was that all existing Sovereign places during the ancient past were confederated. Their national identity was Irarun. The early contacts of the Iranuns with foreign nations (Kingdoms) became the bridge in improving the way of life of the Uranen Kingdom. Social relationships were established especially on marriage. The present time tells and shows the existence of the Iranun.Iranun was the first identified native inhabitants of Mindanaw, which was historians and scholars failed to mentioned their written works. This perhaps the result of colonization. Their villages were established along the coastal areas of the present Moro Gulf especifically Iranun Bay. In some cases, they established their vilages along the river banks (Maynilad and Tondo as an example; and Katidtuan as in Kutawato area). The present ethnic tribes in Mindanaw were originated from the Iranun. Iranun as a nationality was destroyed and put into ruinity because of colonialism. Colonialism dismantled Iranun as a nationality and introduced words although they were native in implication but they were used as instrument for colonization. Iranun is co-existence of the Aetas (Pygmies) or Negritos of Liusong (Luzon). According to the oral tradition of the Iranun the size of the typical Iranun was between four (4) feet and five (5) feet height, an average of 4.5 feet in height. They were originally brown, and moderately flat nose. Iranun genealogists say that Iranun was a cross breed between the migrants from the two big ancient kingdoms (Sri Vishaya and Majapahit)and the karibang line and karengke line. It was again breed with Arabs during the advent of the Shariffs. Iranun like other ancient nations had early contacts with other foreign nation. It had established a contacts with Sri Vishaya and Madjapahit Empires. It was a sovereign nation. At present time still considered a major tribe among the ethnic tribes in the Island Iranun had foreign contacts and relations with China (Ming Dynasty). The Uranen Kingdom sent four (4) of its rajahs, namely; Rajah Batarabuwasan, Rajah Pagarabuwasan, Maharabuwasan, and Rajah Yuwaharabuwasan. Dr. Sonia Zaide (1985) identified them as King Prabu, King Mahalchilim, and King Pahala. The four (4) rajahs had been welcomed by the Emperor Yung Lo of the Ming Dynasty. The civilization of the Chinese was introduced in the Kingdom through them. Most of the things which were seen by them in the China beneficial and advantageous to the Kingdom and its people were adopted and it became a part of the culture of the Iranun. Dresses, ladies style and ornaments (pandara), Brass wares, costume(loose trouser for women) and other social patterns were adopted from the chinese people. In warriorship, Iranun had learnt a lot from the chinese. The skill in using bow and arrow, using kampilan, kris and other ancient weapons were improved. In household likewise a lot of things had been learnt from the chinese (cooking, embroidery and others) were also learnt from the chinese. Iranun had also foreign contacts and relations with India. Iranun learnt more languages in India including their mystical knowledge. Oral tradition says that many of the medical and magical knowledges of the Iranun were learnt from the Indian. The ancient formula of computing the one year days. The ancient Iranun astronomers had computed one year 354 year (leaf year) and 355 days ( common year). They arranged the 12 months by 30 days and 29 days; fifteen days (sbang) and fifteen days (delem). In short astronomical knowledge of the Iranun were learnt from Indian. This formula was confirmed by the modern science. Thus the astronomical knowledge of the Iranun during ancient time was accurate because it survived and rearched the modern era. Medical knowledge ( Katabibtabib) using oration and medicinal plants were learnt from the Indian people. The civilization of the Iranun had been improved through foreign contacts and relations (Chinese, Indians, Malays and Arabs)Rajah Marikudo (Merkat Ado in some version), ruler of Aninipay(Panay) Island wherein the ten Borneans datus met was an Iranun. Western and Filipino writers (historians) failed to identify the true identity of the datu. Rajah Merkat Ado was one of the ancient sovereigns who ruled the island especially Aninipay. As it was described that Iranun was a hospitable people, Rajah Merkat Ado welcomed them (Borneans) in his sovereign kingdom. Actually a portion of Aninipay (Panay) probably coastal area was offered by the Rajah for the Bornean datus to live and establish their villages. Historians said that it was sold to the Bornean datus. It is contrary to the literature of the Iranun tarsila that the place was not sold but offered as a sign of friendship and hospitability. To recognize the hospitability of the Iranun in Aninipay led by Rajah Merkat Ado; Datu Puti, the leader of the Borneans offered marriage with the daughter of Rajah Merkat Ado. A marriage contract was entered into between the natives and the Borneans. A dowry was offered and given in terms of one(1) set of golden nicklace and gold sayap (salakot in some version). After the marriage ceremony, Rajah Merkat Ado asked an opinion from his Council of Elders the best action in order to reinforce the established relationship between his realm and the Borneans. The Council of Elders categorically said: Give the low portion (coastal area) of your territory to your daughter as her part in your ancestral domain. You transfer and establish your capital and Palace (Turugan) to the inner part of your territory. Oral tradition says that about one kilometer from sea coast going upper stream of the Aninipay river the location of the new capital and palace of the Rajah. Datu Puti and the Princess live harmony with other Borneans (11th century). The intermarriage between the two Sovereigns (Borneo and Iranun) prospered and expanded going north direction. Batangas was the first village (community) established. Intermarraige in the later decades were observed between the native aetas and the breed people. Later on as decades passed through, the Kingdom of Maynilad and Tondo were established. The socio-political interactions of the major Asian ancient sovereigns (Majapahit, Sri Vishaya Empires, Chinese Dysnasties, Indian Kingdom and the Ancient Uranen Kingdom) sprang out a well breed Iranun which constitutes the Last Uranen Kingdom under Rajah Urangguwan. Generally, Iranun was the first identified people who live in the ancient past of the civilization in this part of the globe. They were the people of the Uranen Kingdom. They established their villages along the coastal areas of the Iranun Bay and river banks. They were the people whom the Shariffs met in this Island. The origin of the Iranun people was from four feet to five feet in height. Their civilization belonged to the primitive civilization. However they had established contacts and relationship with foreign sovereigns and kingdoms. The first stage of breed of the Iranun with Shariff Aulia was the breed of Iranun whom Shariff Kabunsuan was met and later on arranged with them a marriage affinity. This is the first line of generation among the Iranun where native blood was breed with arab blood. They called it kia saripan. Iranun as a People Iranun was the aborigin and original inhabitants of Mindanaw. They were belonged to the primitive and prehistory people. They were identified by the Iranun tradition as Karibang and Karingki line of descent. These people were analogous with that of the Aetas (Negritoes) of Luzon and other places. They were breed with the foreign people ( Indonesian, Malays, Arabs, Indians, and Chinese). Iranun tarsila stated that they were the rapo people (foreigners) who migrated to the Island thousands of years ago who married the daughters of the different rajahs in the Island (11th-12th century). These marriage affinal ties sprung the modern (present) Iranun in the Island. Government and Succession of Authority The government of the ancient (prehistory) Iranun was simple but effective. They (rulers) had one hundred pre cent control over their sovereign. Each engged (community) had its ruler. They were exercising the Obsolute Monarchial System. Usually, patriarchal line or type adopted as a procedure of succession. After the father death or resignation, the son automatically replaces and sits the throne. In some cases, the daughter replaces the father in the throne. The system was family succession. The ruler was assisted by mantris (cabinets in the modern times). The legislation was vested in the Council of Elders ( in the mainland the luwaran or radawan in some version was the example, and Ruma Bitchara in the Lupa Soog). Thus the government was monarchy and the succession of authority was hereditary. Relationship With other VillagesThe ancient political relations among Iranun villages and principalities was confederation. Each Iranun village was independent to each other. However they were confederated. There was no central government. However, their socio-political relationship was very strong. They had established the so called allied warriors for defense purposes against any foreign attempts and invasion. Original Establishment and Location of Iranun Villages The ancient Iranun erstablished their vilages and communities along the seacoast of the Iranun Bay in the Moro Gulf (Crab Gulf). In some instances, the ancient Iranun lived along river banks. These villages expanded in the course of time. Until whitemen came for invasion and colonization. The villages of the ancient Iranun served at the same time as kuta. The turugan has a biruar (tower in the modern time) as watch house or guard house. Usually the biruar was built on the top of a tree or any tall object. The purpose was to oversee the coming enemy(s). In a hilly places, biruar was built on the top of the hill.Source of Living and Livelihood The ancient Iranun were good farmers and fishermen. They were living in the fertile vast land and sea. They supplement farming and fishing by hunting deers and other wild animals for their daily needs and consumption. Other source of livelihood was black and gold smith industry. Ancient Iranun were good blacksmither and gold smither. For women, Iranun were good waver of mats and malong. The ancient Iranun used barter trading (among themselves and intervillages). The fishermen exchanged fish to rice/corn/ube and other agriculture products/crops for their daily consumption. The farmer did the same. Therefore their medium of exchange in the absence of money was bartering in order to acquire a property or anything for them to survive. Costumes and Dresses Ancent Iranun man were using samping (vernacular for bahag) and sablay (Tsaliko in modern time), and tubaw. However, ancient Iranun were shoesless. They were not using shoes due to absence of knowledge on shoemaking. They were footbbeares peeople. For the women, ancient Iranun were using loose blouses in the primitive style. Later, it was improved when foreign contacts with the chinese.Characteristics /Quality(s)/Habits Ancient Iranun possessed a very hospitable, courteous, respectfull, obedience and other good qualities. They were brave and good combatant (warrior). They were champion of freedom and defense. They usually considered their lawfull leaders as second to prophets. All orders of their leaders were faithfully followed. They were peace-maker and loving people. They were good friend but magnificient enemy in time of war. System of Education The ancient Iranun system of education was very simple. There was no school building and other materials. They used their individual houses as school building and classrooms. The father was the teacher of the boy children. The father taught his male children on manhood responsibilities and obligations such as farming, hunting, carpentry, and other manhood works. Skill on warriorship was the most important training among boy children. For the girl children, ancient Iranun taught their girl children on motherhood responsibilities and obligations such as cooking, waving, sewing, embroidery, washing clothes and kitchen utensils, rearing of children and motherhood works. Kapaningit sa engged ( Love and jealous of country was inculcated in the minds and hearts of each Iranun minors) by their teacher (mother).Each Iranun minor was trained to love the country. Love of country was the noblest act. They emphasized that country emanates all aspects of humanity. Iranun people were good nation makers. Both man and woman were required to study nationalism and patriotism. Thus the system of education of the ancient Iranun was simple. The emphasis was focus on love of country and humanity. Literature Ancient Iranun was identical with that of the Darangan Period. Some Iranun geneanologists say that Darangan Period was one of the periods of the ancient Iranun. The hero of the Darangan was Rajah Bantugen. The seat of the government was in Benbaran (situated in the north west of Bukidnon) near Wao. It was a name of a civilization of people during ancient time. The civilization was more on mystic and rituals activities. The Darangan was composed of decades with different episodes. It described most the characteritics of the Iranun as people. The true meaning of love and wisdom, leadership, livelihood (economics and industry) socio-political, humanity and other good quality and characteristics were described in the episodes of Darangen. Iranun oral tradition say that Darangan as a civilization was composed of six (6) federal states which Bembaran was the capital. These federal states were: Da Madiar a Linog, Sawlaya A Salg, Daguwatan sa Oray, Pindulunan sa Ragat, Sadurog ko Marandang, and Bembran. Their rulers were Batara Mangadka, Batara Mapalala Makaug, Batara Bakuludan sa Waki, Batara Lumuday sa Barat, Batara Tundugen, Batara Rinawraw Tubpaan, and Batara Bantugen respectively. The cabinets were: Daranda, Mabaning, and Lumbatan. The adore and beloved princess was Princess Lawanen.Iranun has many bayoks. Usually the oldfolks/elders during those times were using bayok in their communication. Examples of these bayoks are: Biwang Kawanan Tinday o Pagilidan Pipandaraan, Iranun Pipparasan, Ranaw Gilanggumilang, Maguindanao rawaten, Slangan da marimbang which connotes nobility and maharlika. Others like: Pidzan pagzir so ganding na so kapanganonen bo na maliwanag den sa dar which means hospitability and courteousness. Benar e rinaw so ragat na sisirungen a barat so karante o alongan which means problems and sorrows. The principal village ( principality) was Benbaran, the capital of the Darangan civilization, wherein the Turugan (royal house) was established. Turugan was the official residence and court of the Ayunan Pangadapen O Inayunan O Kampong sa Ilian a Benbaran ( Official Royal Court of the Most Respected and Honored Leader of Benbaran), His Majesty Ayunan Pangadapen Pasandalan A Murog, the great ruler. All important matters either personal or non personal business transactions were done in the Turugan. Other villages (principalities) were Bugabong A Kumara, the village of Her Majesty Paramata Gandingan. Bugabong A Kumara was civilized as Benbaran. Iranun experts in Darangan say that Benbaran and Bugabong A Kumara were equal and parallell. Sarbaka Kilaten, Gamaniyog were states of Bugabong a Kumara. Music, Musical Instrument and Plays Darangen as a song was the most popular name or title of a song during the Darangan Period. Darangen as a title of a song described the entire civilization. Man and woman knew very well to perform/sing darangen. Darangen as a song was usually sang at night. Bayok was another name of a song which usually performed by two or three performers. The Mranaw sometimes called Kambayoka. The performers were called Unur. Mamayog was another name of a song, performed by one gentleman and one lady. The mamayog described the loyalty and courteousness of a husband to his wife during the ancient Iranun (Darangen Period). Some Iranun folks identified another song entitled Darangen a Babay (Most Beloved and Adored Lady) was commonly sang/ performed in the Slangan Principality. Princess Tinabon was the star who was being described in the song. The kulintang, agong, gandingan, pamindira, and dibakan were usually and commonly used as musical instrument. It was called in the Iranun as Lima A mamagenesupa (Lima Ka Daragia in Ranaw). This musical instruments were usually used during fiest day or durangna (wedding ceremony). During the ancient time, Lima Ka Mamagenesupa was used also during rituals. Kutyapi (Kudyapi in some version), palendag, suling, kubing were among the musical instruments during the ancient time in the Iranun civilization. Generally, all the person who reach the maturity stage of human development knew to use and play these instruments. Sagayan was a stage play which usually performed by young man describing the skill and bravery of the Iranun warriors. The sagayan was usually performed during rituals. Sagayan was usually performed by two young men. Minors can do it. In some Iranun wedding fiest/ceremony, sagayan was being performed in the kakuyog sa damak (damak is a cooked sweet foods deliver to the house of the bride from groom house) and in the procession ( kuyog) of the groom. It was usually put ahead of the parade. Sagayan during wedding ceremony is accompanied by an unta (it is look like a camel played and manipulated by a youngman to move). Kulintang (Lima A Mamagenesupa) was being play as a music of the procession. Sinulog was a kulintang tune usually used as a music in the procession. Wedding Fiest/CeremonyDuring the ancient Iranun, wedding fiest/ceremony was a long process. Parental system was the usual practice. Iranun usually practice maharlika system. The man who was belonged to the ruling family of the village marries the daughter of the ruling family of other village (Prince is for Princess Principle).Iranun wedding process undergoes four stages. These stages were: panunuriman (observation), pangingidong (Whispering) from the kakamaman side (groom side), sarangguni (actual negotiation of the two parties facilitiated by other group, usually the Council of Elders of the bride family), and gurangna (wedding ceremony). In some cases, sarangguni and gurangna were fused into one. It depends on the negotiation. During the ancient Iranun, dowry (sunggodan/btang/btad sa adat) was term of material not money, for example: land/lot, bulawan (gold), and other valuable materials (animals). In some cases uripin (slaves were accepted as dowry or even the entire sovereign of the groom father served as dowry in case of a single child). After signing of contract between the two parties, the groom was granted to court and talked/'invite the bride to ocassion with one chaperon. The groom was granted to sleep in the house of the bride. Wedding ceremony among maharlika (ruling family) was full of decors (pandara). There were activity (siapa sa manggis, kulintang contest, and other wedding activities were observed) to give honor and respect to the royal wedding.The common class (kadakelan) used only sambulayang with no flag and pamanay. The uripin has no wedding ceremony. The ruling family used the complete set of pandara (pasandalan, sambulayang with flag at the top of the pole, ubor-ubor, and pamanay). Usually bright colors were used (red,green and yellow). Among the ancient Iranun red means bravery, green means sovereign, and yellow means ruling family. These colors were only used and attributed to the ruling family. Properties and InheritanceThe whole sovereign (integral territory) of each village (kampong) belonged to the Datu. The property would be inherited by the legitimate heir(s) including rulership. The kadakilan(commoner) can possessed properties subject to bues (tax in the modern time). The uripin (slave) cannot possessed properties because themselves were the property of the datu. The property(s) of the kadakilan (commoner) would be inherited by their heirs.Laws The ancient Iranun used customary laws. Usually the council of elders were the drafter of the customary laws. The draft was presented in the followers during fiest days. In ancient Aninipay the Code of Kalantiaw was formulated and adopted. In the ancient Iranun radawan (Code of Models) was formulated. The Radawan defined and described socio-political, family relations, religious/spiritual, and others which would be observed and followed. There were process involved in the implementation of laws especially in court: baina, amad, karina, matakapala (clarity, justification, suspect and testified respectively). Religion The religion of the ancient Iranun was greatly influenced by the state religion of Sri Vishaya and Madjapahit Empires. The arrival of Shariff Aulia gave a significant effect to the religion. Sufism as a belief was introduced. Thus they became a Muslim-Sufie.Supertitious Belief The ancient Iranun had many supertitious beliefs. The examples were: eclipse, black butterfly, snakes enters the house and others. There were about hundreds of supertitious beliefs of the Iranun. Tunung was identified to be a powerful spirit. Language The ancient language of the Iranun was originated from the Malayo-Polynesian Language of the Pacifics. In course of time most of the original language of the Iranun were modified due influence of other language. The original language used in the Darangan was an Iranun language. The original language had been modified due to: conquest, intermarriage with foreign nation, adoption, and duplication. Out these factors the present language evolved. The present Iranun language is generally accepted as medium of communication in Mindanaw except Lupah Suog. The present Muslim can understand Iranun. Thus Iranun is the mother language of the Muslims in Mindanao. Writing The ancient alphabets of the Iranun were patterned in India. The system of writing was one of the good achievements of the Iranun during its foreign contacts with the Indian people. Although it was primitive, the Iranun have their own system of writing. This system of writing was influenced and gradually changed to the present system patterned from the arabs. They called it kirim. The kirim was looked like sometimes a bird, a tree, a roof, and cloud-shape.Arts The ancient Iranun has its own arts. The most popular one until the present time is the ukir ( engraving naga). The ukir is used almost furnitures and fixtures of the Iranun including houses. The bawor (cabenit or apparador now a days) has an ukir differrent forms and patterned. Sarimanok is another type of ukir during the ancient Iranun which was passed generation to generation. Most of the museums and libraries now a days have these arts displayed. Science and Math The ancient Iranun were good scientists of their time. They were astronomers. They name heavenly bodies as: makabangis, sulo a mangangayaw, manok, madakel, laya. They arranged the twelve months (12) to 30 days and 29 days. Therefore there are three hundred fifty four (354) day in one year (common year) and three hundred fifty five (355) leaf year. They divided one month into two groups: Sbang and delem. They used heavenly bodies as compass. They can determine west, east, south, north by the used of the heavenly bodies at night. Their knowledge in astronomy and navigation was older than the knowledge of the western people (Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch and others). There were eight (8) tahons, five (5) kutika, and eight (8) bintang. All these are instruments of the ancient Iranun in compution. Even they were in the mid of the forest, they can calculate low or high tide through this knowledge in science. In Mathematics/arithmetic, gibo (thousand), laksa (one hundred thousand), pandang (million of thousasands). They had also a system of counting. They used riray system. Some of the mathematical terminology were: laksa, salaksa, laksalaksa, yuta, sayuta,sayutayuta. All these were few among their mathematical terminologies. Arabic numerals and system of counting including mathematical nomenclature were introduced and adopted during the Shariffs period. Thus a modification was observed. Territorial Defense The ancient Iranun were good defenders of their territory and freedom. They consider any individual or group who do not signifying its interest to enter the Iranun territory (both sea and land) as enemy. Coordination (Pagtaw) was very important to them. To them (Iranun) when you enter the territory of the other sovereign without coordination was considered sin and unlawful. The invasion and other marine activity of the Spaniards and its allied forces/group/tribe were considered unlawful. Out of this concept, Iranun warriors were forced to drive out through drastic action (by force) all groups or individuals who attempt to enter their territory without prior notice of friendship. Their defense tactics and mechanisms were misconceptualized and misunderstood by filipino and western authors. Filipino and foreign writers described Iranun as pirates. They were not pirates. They only defend their territories against invasion of foreigners. Iranun in the Shariffs PeriodUranen Kingdom was the first kingdom ever had in the ancient period (prehistory). It was the mother of all kingdoms established after decades or centuries. Shariff Aulia was the first arab muslim with missionary works who stepped-foot and landed in the Uranen Kingdom (Tbok was the seat of government). He married the native princess named Bai Pagunguwan (Iranun tradition identified her as Bai sa Pandan). Out of their wedlock, they begot the four rajahs (Makaapen, Dungklang, Maraguia, and Budtol). The introduction of the belief brought into the Kingdom through Shariff Aulia was the first stage of the Iranun civilization recorded in history. The old belief was gradually changed to what is present belief of the Muslims in the world. The system of government, socio-economic, trade and industry and other walks of life were improved and strengthened. The primitive system of government was changed to more structurized system. The Caliphate was introduced described as Sultanate System. Iranun tarsila say that Makaapen married Lingayen, a daughter of the property custodian of Rajah Urangguwan begot Princess Angintabu. The Princess was married by Shariff Kabunsuan (1475). Out of their wedlock, they begot Saripada Makaalang. Saripada Makaalang married his first cousin name Princess Pidsarawdan, a daughter of Rajah Dungklang, begot Saripada Bankaya. Saripada Bankaya married a lady of Lupah Suog named Princess Sri Pangyan Mampay Laila begot Saripada Raut (laut in some version) Buisan begot Sultan Dipatuan Kudarat, the strongest and has a longest term of realm among the Iranun sultans. It is interesting to note that the term saripada was used as prefix three times before the given names: Makaalang, Bankaya, and Raut. The term has a Malayan origin probably a term existing and used during the two big empires (Sri Vishaya and Madjapahit). It connotes ruler or nobility. Thus it was a royalty title used during the ancient period of political structure which is equivalent to Sultan (Surutan in Iranun version). The introduction of sultanate system gradually changed the rajahship (primitive system patterned from ancient (prehistory system of government) to more advanced political system. Iranun as a people with distinct nationality entered into a neolistic civilization called Shariff Period. The Iranun accepted the Ideology introduced by the Shariffs. Iranun During Sultanate SystemIt was presented in the preceeding paragraphs that the two identified Shariffs (Aulia and Kabunsuan) intermarraige with the Iranun Rajah families ( Rajah Urangguwan and Rajah Makaapen respectively). Out of this social relationship, the new socio-political practices was merged and developed. The offspring of Shariff Aulia-Princess Pagunguwan was intermarriage in the later decades with the offspring of Shariff Kabunsuan-Princess Angintabu. Out of this mixed and interwaved bloodline of descent sprang a royalty lineage of decendant. Sultan Kudarat, the first native ruler used Sultan as a royal political title and authority eas of Iranun-Shariff line of descent with a blood sprang from the Karibang-Karingke line of descen. Out of these facts, it is safe to say that the first Sultan of the native breed from the Iranun-Shariff line belonged to the Uranen Kingdom which exercised its sovereign authority and power over the Crab Gulf (Moro Gulf) with concentration in the Iranun Bay. Thus Rajah Urangguwan of the ancient past (prehistory) and Sultan Kudarat of the Shariff period (Sultanate System)were the fathers of the royal line of descent among the native inhabitants. Out of these facts all claimants of royalty line of descent are all descended from Iranun-Shariff marriage affinal ties Sultan Kudarat realm was a continuation of the ancient political system spearheaded by Rajah Urangguwan. The seat of the former government was in Ramitan (Lamitan in the Filipino authors). It is one of the barangays of the municipality of Sultan Gumander, Lanao del Sur in the present geographical political division. Ramitan was the first seat of government led by Sultan Kudarat. The seat of government of the latter was in Tbok. Tbok is one of the barangays of the municipality of Malabang, Lanao del Sur in the present geographical political division. It is interesting to note that the two capitals (seat of governments) are neigbors. Sultan Gumander and Malabang are only separated by Picong River and both situated and located along the sea coast of the Iranun Bay of the Crab Gulf ( LayaganGulf). Iranun During Spaniah InvasionThe first recorded Spanish invasion in the Mindanao (Uranen) was on 1596. This was led by Capt. Figueroa. Figueroa was killed during the fight. The gesture and action of the Spaniards was considered by the native Iranuns as aggression and and invasion. The Council of Elders unanimously agreed to adopt a technique for effective defense against the Spaniards. The top executives namely Rajah Raut Buisan, Rajah, Sirungan, and Rajah Tagal suggested to the Council to launch a counter offensive. The proposal was approved. They attacked Visayas islands, Mindoro, Bicolandia, and Southern Tagalog. The counter offensive of the natives was misconceptualized by the Spanish and Filipino historians. They described it as piratic activity. This is not true and uncorrect. The natives had just adopt an effective technique for defense purposes. They only defended their sovereign state and nation against foreign invasion. he counter attacked were launched in 1599, 1600, and 1602. Change of System From Kingdomship to Sultanate Meanwhile, in the year 1617, Kingdomship was officially changed to Sultanate System. The first ruler of the new system was Kudarat, the son of Rajah Raut Buisan. His renal name was His Majesty Sultan Mohammad Dipatuan Kabunsuan Urangguwan. He established his seat of government at Ramitan (now a barangay of Sultan Gumander, Lanao del Sur). Invasion Continued On March 13, 1637 (Zaide), Governor Corcuera invaded Ramitan. The native inhabitants fearlessly defended their territory against the Superpower Spain. The Sultan retreated in the inner portion of Ramitan. He moved to Dapaw Lake for a week. The Council of Elders agreed to the proposal of the Sultan to transfer his Court (capital) at Magulaling, Balabagan, Lanao del Sur. In this seat of government, the Sultan was able to expand his sovereign powers and authority. The villages and communities within the Crab Gulf (Moro Gulf) and the inner parts of the Island, except Surigao and Agusan. He established socio-political alliances with the local (kampong) leaders and foreign nations like Brunie Darussalam, Java, Makassar, Sumatra, Lahore, Singapore, China, and India. He was able to mobilize all sectors of the Uranen Sultanate. In 1647 he transfered his capital (seat of government) to Simuay Seashore, Sultan Mastura, Shariff Kabunsuan (now a days). Iranun in the Height of the Divide-and-Rule Technique After the death of Sultan Mohammad Dipatuan Kudarat Kabunsuan Urangguwan, the Divide-and-Rule Technique was applied by the colonizers (Spaniards and Dutch). Sultan Tahiruddin Malinog was supported by the Dutch. On the other side, Sultan Manamir was supported by the Spaniards for supremacy. Rivalry in the succession issue was the gate to divide the native Iranuns. The whole Sultanate was divided into two groups (Malinog group and Manamir group). This was the beginning of the subdivisioon of the native inhabitants. This also leads to some corrupt use of words, and colonial terms although native but it implied destructions. Here are some examples of corrupt use of terms and words: Luzon (Liusong), Panay (Aninipay), Visayas (Vishaya), Tagalog (Taga- ilog), Illana (Iranun), Zamboanga (Samboangan), Lanao (Ranaw), and many others. Iranun During American Regime It was described that more than three centuries, the native Iranun fought for defense of freedom and homeland. They were not conquered until the time of signing of the Treaty of Paris on December 10, 1898 which ended the Spanish-American War for Supremacy. The Royal Government of Spain ceded all the controlled territories and exercised its power and authority to United States of America.The present Mindanaw, Palawan, and Sulu were not included in the Treaty because they were not conquered. The Americans amplified and use the same technique (Divide-and-Rule). They only improved and strengthened the technique used by the Spaniards. They used words which connotes places in order to deceive the native. With due respect to some historians, Maguindanao as a name of a place which connotes a traditional name implying sovereignty is not correct. It is used and amplified by the Americans to destroy the original place which implies sovereignty the SLANGAN DA MARIMBANG which means Slangan the original and has no equal.Cotabato, Lanao, Zamboanga, Davao are all colonial term used, applied and amplified by the colonizers (Americans) to destroy the tradition of the native. The original was Slangan, Ranaw, Samboangan, Tagalook respectively. Effect of Colonization The most destructive effect of the colonization to the Iranun and Uranen as a nation and state respectively was deception to the next generation. Spanish writers and historians (Pigafetta) wrote a wrong information and data. He described the native inhabitants whom Magellan met as Moores (a nation whom they encountered in war in Africa). This people has the same quality and ability in combat with the native inhabitants of the Island. Thus Pigaffeta baptized the Iranuns as Moores. Later the term Moores was corruptly used by other writers- the present form Moro. The usage of the term Moro to refer the native inhabitants in the Island was amplified by the American writers. Thus the original nation and state - Iranun and Uranen respectively were forgotten in the annal of history of the Island.The colonization has contributed much to the introduction of western culture, belief, customs, practices, and others aspects of life which were harmful and destructive to the culture, tradition, belief, practices of the Iranun as a native inhabitants. The political system was introduced which caused to the gradual modification of the political system of the natives. The socio-political system of the Iranun was totally destroyed during the American regime. The Americans organized the Moro province for the purpose of total elimination of the residues and remains of the past civilization enjoyed by the native inhabitants from the ancient Uranen Kingdom down to Uranen Sultanate led by His Majesty Sultan Mohammad Dipatuan Kudarat Kabunsuan Urangguwan. Thus introduction of Cotabato, Lanao, Davao, Zamboanga, and Sulu was a strategy of the colonizer to eliminate the truth. Cotabato, Lanao, Davao, Zamboanga, and Sulu were native in connotation but colonization by intention. Many terms and words which were corruptly introduced and used for colonization purposes. The examples of these words are: Dagiangas, later it becomes Dadiangas later on it was changed to General Santos. Tacudong was modified to Tacurong, Kutawato, later on was modified to Cotabato. Lupah Suog, later on was modofied to Sulu, Aninipay, later on was modified to Panay. Irong-irong, later on was modified to Iloilo. Antik, later on was modofied to Antique. Tukudan, later on was modified to Tucuran, Pangagian, later on was modified to Pagadian. Marges a ig, later on was modified to Margosatubig, Kumaladang, later on was modified to Kumalarang. Padampadang, later on was modified to Parang and many others. All of these are colonization strategy. The foremost effect of the colonization to the Iranun natives was the so called colonial mentality. The mental or intellectual skill of the native becomes dependent and submissive to the western and americans. The Iranun natives become nothing and mentally slave of the foreign education. Therefore, conquest and colonization were the root caused of the problem in the Island (Palawan, Sulu, and Mindanao: Pandawan, Lupah Suog, Uranen of the ancient past respectively). Therefore the colonization wiped out everything.SUMMARY What is Iranun?Iranun as a word/term is composed two words which were joined together to form a word with distinct interpretation and description. The word/term IRA means remains, residue, or silt. These word/term may refer to a place or area which was formed out of a long process evolved from remains or residual process that caused a formation of a place. NUN means people with distinct culture, government and laws, belief, and tradition. In the course of time, established its villages and communities along the coastal areas and shores of the Iranun Bay (Illana Bay). Some were established in river banks. These villages were expanded. It reached Ranaw, Upper Stream, and other parts of the Island. Geographycally, Iranun was a group of people who established their communities along the coastal areas of the Iranun Bay and some river banks. Iranun as a nation sprang from the Karinke-karibang clan and the shariff (Shariff Aulia). Iranun is not a tribe of any nation of the world. It is a nation distinct from other nations with defined territory and sphere of influenced, political structure/system, socio-economic, educational system. It is one of the oldest nations of the world. This nation was destroyed and ruined by colonization. Iranun has its own culture, custom and tradition. The name of the state was Uranen Kingdom, its people was Iranun. The ancient Uranen state is the Mindanao of the present time. The terrotiry of the Kingdom stretched from Sibugay Peninsula to Tagalook Gulf with all in-lands areas. Most practically, the present Mindanaw is the Uranen Kingdom. Its sphere of influenced reached as far as Singapore and Borneo. The seat of government and center of civilization was in Tbok now a barangay of Malabang, Lanao sel Sur. Therefore the civilization in the Island started from the coastal area of the Iranun Bay (Illana Bay). Iranun tarsila named, called, and identified it as Biwang-Kawanan Tinday A Batal O Pagilidan (literarily translated as Left and Right Huge Coastal Principalities), in political interpretation the traditional name is translated as Kingdom of the Sea Coast, which refer to Uranen Kingdom, the official name. It had established foreign relations and contacts with India, China, and Arab. Its relation to these nations were focused on socio-political, economic and trade, and education. Iranun was the group of people whom the Spaniards met and fought led by Sultan Kudarat. References: Datu Kali sa Balabagan, Notes on the Origin of the Iranun, 1179H (translated). Iranun Tarsila Oral Tradition of Iranun

2 answers

What are the traditions of the iranun tribe?

Iranun was one of the oldest existing nations in the world during the ancient times with definite integral territory wherein the sovereign power and authority was exercised over it by the ligimate ruler. Iranun as a nation inhabited mainly the Crab Gulf (Moro Gulf). Its villages were established and concentrated in the Iranun Bay (Illana Bay). The origin was attributed to the people of the Uranen Kingdom of the primitive past inhabited in the Tbok (Malabang). Iranun was the first people who entered into a marriage affinity with Shariff Aulia and Shariff Kabunsuan. Bai sa Pandan (Princess Pagunguwan, daughter of Rajah Urangguwan) and Bai Angintabu respectively. Some of the Iranun genealogists identified her as Rinalaut. Their wedlocks where Sultan Kudarat has directly got his line of descent. Iranun was a breed nation between the Karibang-Karingke Line of descent and last wave of Malay migrants. The decendants of this marraige affinity sprang the Iranun nation whose first leader was King Urangguwan. The name of their place (state) was Uranen. During the advent of the Sharriffs, this nation was intermarraige with the Shariffs. The ancient Muslim civilization started and originated from the coastal area of the Uranen. Genealogists say that later in the succeding decades it was spread and extended to the Ranaw areas and the Upper Pulangi areas. The Biwang-Kawanan Tinday A Batal O Pagilidan (Two Huge Coastal Principalities) was the first organized and established political group headed by Rajah Makaapen after the death of Rajah Urangguwan, semoultaneously with Slangan Principality and Buayan. Later on sultanate system of government was established patterned from the system of government introduced by the Shariffs. The political system of the Iranun during Rajah Urangguwan was patterned from Sri Vishaya and Majapahit Empires. The society of the Iranun was a muslim. Its social class was classified into: Uripin (slave), Kadaklan (Dumato) and Pindatu (Ruling class). Iranun is a very hospitable and principled group of people. It is good and friendly contrary to the description of the western writers. Western writers described Iranun as pirates. This description is not true. As a matter of fact Iranun is the champion of hospitability and helpfulness. The Sultan of Brunie was being reinforced by Sultan Kudarat. The fleet was composed of Iranun warriors. The Sultan of Brunie was able to defend his sovereign state against invaders through the assistance of the Iranuns led by Sultan Kudarat. Tradition says that it inhabited the coastal areas of the Iranun Bay. It was said that Tbok, a place near the present site of Malabang was the center and seat of government of the ancient Iranun. It was headed by Rajah Urangguwan, the ruler of the Uranen Kingdom. The modern authorities in history have cited the fact that the ancient territory of the Uranen was the areas where Sultan Kudarat exerciced his sovereign authority and influence. It stressed from Punta de Flechas of Sibugay down to Tagalook (Davaw Gulf). These areas were recognized by the Spaniards. In the later decades, the Iranun as a group of people was covered. Most of the writers and historians did not mention Iranun in their writings. It is interesting to mention and include here that Iranun was the original tribe where other tribes sprang out, the mother of other native tribes in the Island. Let me discuss in the following paragraph. Modern historians made mention of Shariff Aulia. It is right that there was a Shariff Aulia who sometimes arrived in the Island. Shariff Aulia landed at the coast of Tbok and welcomed by Rajah Urangguwan, the ruler of the ancient Uranen Kingdom, a Kingdom situated and located at the Iranun Bay, Layagan Gulf (Moro Gulf). Shariff Aulia married Princess Pagunguwan( Princess Rinalaut in some version), a beloved and adored princess of her time, and a daughter of Rajah Urangguwan. They begot the four rajas: Rajah Makaapen, Rajah Dungklang, Rajah Maraguia, and Rajah Budtol. These four rajas explored and adventured the Island (Mindanaw). The first two (Makaapen and Dungklang) remained in the capital of the Kingdom. The other two ( Maraguia and Budtol) went south. Maraguia established his own community at the present Tantawan (PC Hill) in the present site of Cotabato City. Budtol went east through Pulangi River. He established his community in the present Buayan. It is interesting to include here and mention that Tantawan was once an island like Bunged (Bungo) and Timako. The Iranun tarsila has described that Tantawan was a military base during the ancient Uranen Kingdom. The huge biruar ( tower) was established in Tantawan to oversee the enemy which may come from south, north, east, and west portion of the Kingdom. It was a military naval base of the ancient Uranen Kingdom. Later as decades passed by and it becomes a century, it becomes as its present geographical view. According to the oral tradition, liitle by little a landmarsh was developed. Modern science explains the episode as a result of residual remains and sedimentary formation and process. In one of the lyrics of the darangan, it was mentioned that there were three islands which served as a guard islands of the Turugan (Palace) of the Ayunan Pangadapan O Inayunan O Kampong Sa Iliyan A Bembaran. Most of the Iranun experts and commentators in ancient/prehistorical facts are unanimous in findings that the three (3) islands mentioned in one of the darangan lyrics were the same and identical with Tantawan, Bunged (Bongo) and Timako. Therefore, these three islands are historic and considered as tourist spots of the Island. The relation between Bembaran and Uranen Kingdom was quite interesting to mention and discuss here. Some of the Iranun genealogists say that Bembaran and Uranen Kingdom were identical. Some says that Bembaran and its people was a legendary and it was one of the most narrated legends during the Uranen Kingdom. Some says that Bembaran which was the setting of the Darangen constituted the heights of the Uranen Kingdom. Out of these views, it is safe to say that Bembaran, the setting of the Darangan period occured during the Uranen Kingdom, and was one of the civilizations of the Kingdom. Going back to the issue on decendancy, Makaapen and Dungklang were the forefathers of the Iranun of the coastal areas of the Iranun Bay. Maraguia was the forefather of the Iranun in the City of Cotabato and near adjacent places. Budtol was the forefather of the Iranun of the Upper Stream. This stage of civilization was reinforced again when Shariff Kabunsuan arrived. Shariff Kabunsuan married Princess Angintabu, a daughter of Makaapen, begot Makaalang. Makaalang married his first cousin, a daughter of Rajah Dungklang named Princess Pidsarawdan begot Rajah Bangkaya. Rajah Bangkaya married a lady from Lupah Suog name Pangyan Mampay begot Kapitan Laut Buisan, the father of the strongest among the sultans of Mindanaw named Sultan Dipatuan Kudarat. Intermarriages among the offspring of the four rajas in the later decades were observed. Their intermarriage established a royal line of descent. This was the stage of civilization of the Iranun when whitemen came ( Spaniards in 1521). Iranun was a great warrior. Iranun were good navigator and sailor. Their skills and knowledge in navigation and of being a sailor is comparable to the skills of the whitemen ( Spaniards, Portugese and other westerners). During the counter offensive of Sultan Kudarat against the Spain Royal Armed Forces, mostly of the captains of the different vessels of Sultan Kudarat were Iranuns. Iranuns are champion of freedom. The Iranun defended the sovereign territory and authority of the present Moro Nation from aggression and invasion of the Spaniards. Iranun are jealous people as far as sovereign is concern. It is a fact that Iranun was the people whom the the Spaniards met during their invasion. The Spaniards described them as moro (moores in western version) because they portrayed the same quality in terms of field combat and fighting of the Moores people whom they fought in Northern Africa. This was the origin and beginning of using the term moro which referred to and described the Iranun people whom the Spaniards met in this Island particulrly Mactan, the recorded first bloodiest battle between the Spaniards and the native inhabitants. Thus the Moro is a colonial term introduced by the Spaniards replacing Iranun ( the original inhabitants).It was presented in the preceeding paragraphs that Iranun was the people whom the Spaniards met during invasion. The Spaniards introduced some strategies and techniques in order to reinforce and establish their colonial mission. It was their first priority to dismantle the original tribe for them to implement their mission effectively. The strategy was little by little leading to creation of other tribe within the Island. There are identified colonial terms which make Iranun tribe put into ash and ruined by colonialism. With due respect to other scholars, Iranun had been subdivided into different tribes. These tribes are: Maguindanawon, Mranaw, and Mragat (Islamized); Tiduray, Subanen, Kalagan, Manobo, Blaan, Bagobo, and other highlanders (Unislamized). The first three (3) sub Iranun tribes accepted the Ideology introduced by Shariff Aulia and Shariff Kabunsuan. Tiduray, and others did not accept the Ideology introduced by the two Shariffs. This is the reason of Moro (Iranun) has two groups of people in relation to belief: Islamized and Unislamized. Later on in the succeeding decades, Spaniards more and more intensify their colonial mission. On the other hand, the Dutch had the same mission with that of the Spaniards. The Dutch was expanding its sovereign in the Island. A rivalry between the two world super powers began in the Island. The rivalry between the Spaniards and the Dutch colonialists were contribute much in the ruinity of the Iranun as a people/nation. Factions were observed. Colonial concepts came in. With due respect to other scholars in history, the term Maguindanao although a native term connoting specific place is a colonialism sponsored term to destroy the original which is Slangan, which is the correct. Slangan was a confederated state of Tbok and Buayan after the death of Rajah Uranguwan. Slangan was led by Rajah Maraguia. Iranun tribe expanded in land of the Island until villages were established in the Unayan area (Ranaw). Iranun oral tradtion say that the first Iranun datu who explored the Ranaw area was Penduma. He was a descendant of Rajah Dungklang. He explored going in- land part of the Uranen Kingdom until finally he discovered Butig which became the seat of the Unayan. The established village in Butig (Unayan) flourished and developed into a center of trade, commerce and education of the time. Later on it expanded into other places around the Ranaw( Masio, Bayabaw, Baloi). Thus the creation and establishment of the Pat a Pangampungan Ko Ranaw (Four Lake-Based Principalities). Iranun nomenclature in relation to names of majors tribes were attributed to its geographical connotation. The people who remain in the coastal areas of the Uranen Kingdom is called Mragat, which means people of the seacoast (Ipagilidanen in Iranun version). The people who established villages around the ranaw (lake) is called Mranaw, which means people of the lake. The people who established villages in the inner part of the island in relation to its coastal areas is called Idalemen. The people who established villages beyond the dalem (inner part) limit is called Isbanganen. The people who established villages and reject the Ideology introduced by the Shariffs, in the inner part of the Island in relation to Slangan is generally called Tiduray. The people who established villages in the Upper Stream of the Pulangi River is called Irayaan (Taw sa Raya in some version). The people who established villages in the inner part of the Island in relation to the first seat of Uranen Kingdom at Tbok is generally called Subanen. Tiduray was the mother of all highlander tribes in the Cotabato areas. Subanen was the mother of all the highlanders tribes in Zamboanga areas. Kalagan was the mother of all highlander tribes of Davao areas. There are Iranuns in some kampongs (communities) in Sabah, Malaysia. Their existence in the Malaysian Archepilago specifically Sabah was attributed to the request of the Sultan of Brunie from Sultan Kudarat of reinforcement to augment his forces to defend his sovereign against invaders. The reinforcement was composed of Iranun warriors. After the defeat of the invaders, the Sultan of Brunie offered them a portion of his sovereign sultanate for them to live as an expression of friendship and gift for them. The warriors got their their families and transfer their residence and citizenship to Brunie Darussalam. They lived there. Their descendants are the identified Iranuns in Sabah. Uranen Kingdom whose seat of government was in Tbok had foreign contacts with the Sri Vishaya and Majapahet Empires. According to the oral tradition of the Iranun, their relationship was focused on education based on the system of their time. The type/system of education was more on mystical and rituals. Iranun during that civilization was experts in the languages of the two Malayan Empires. Some of the reading materials of those remote past are still preserved. Some of the Iranun genealogists stated that the mother of Princess Pagunguwan, the daughter of Rajah Urangguwan was one of the daughters of the last Emperor of the Sri Visahya Emperor. The two Royal Sovereigns shared technical skills especially on warriorship. Out of this program the Uranen Royal Warriors (armed forces) had been strengthened. Their skill in field combats and marine skills had improved. It is possible that the skill which was saw and encountered by the Spaniards attributed to this program.It is interesting to include in this script the inhabitants of Liusong (Luzon), Aninipay (Panay), Mactan and other ancient Kingdoms and sovereigns of the primitive past. What is the relation of Iranun with of the native inhabitants of Liusong, Aninipay, Mactan, and others ancient sovereigns? With due respect to other authorities in history, oral tradition of the Iranun says that all existing sovereigns during the ancient period in this country (now Philippines) were Iranuns. The inhabitants of the Sovereign Maynilad, Tondo, Mactan, Aninipay (Panay) and the Uranen were all Iranun. Thus Iranun was the original nationality of the people of the ancient these Islands. They were confederated to each other. Historians only stated that only the four Sovereigh districts of Aninipay were confederated. The truth was that all existing Sovereign places during the ancient past were confederated. Their national identity was Irarun. The early contacts of the Iranuns with foreign nations (Kingdoms) became the bridge in improving the way of life of the Uranen Kingdom. Social relationships were established especially on marriage. The present time tells and shows the existence of the Iranun.Iranun was the first identified native inhabitants of Mindanaw, which was historians and scholars failed to mentioned their written works. This perhaps the result of colonization. Their villages were established along the coastal areas of the present Moro Gulf especifically Iranun Bay. In some cases, they established their vilages along the river banks (Maynilad and Tondo as an example; and Katidtuan as in Kutawato area). The present ethnic tribes in Mindanaw were originated from the Iranun. Iranun as a nationality was destroyed and put into ruinity because of colonialism. Colonialism dismantled Iranun as a nationality and introduced words although they were native in implication but they were used as instrument for colonization. Iranun is co-existence of the Aetas (Pygmies) or Negritos of Liusong (Luzon). According to the oral tradition of the Iranun the size of the typical Iranun was between four (4) feet and five (5) feet height, an average of 4.5 feet in height. They were originally brown, and moderately flat nose. Iranun genealogists say that Iranun was a cross breed between the migrants from the two big ancient kingdoms (Sri Vishaya and Majapahit)and the karibang line and karengke line. It was again breed with Arabs during the advent of the Shariffs. Iranun like other ancient nations had early contacts with other foreign nation. It had established a contacts with Sri Vishaya and Madjapahit Empires. It was a sovereign nation. At present time still considered a major tribe among the ethnic tribes in the Island Iranun had foreign contacts and relations with China (Ming Dynasty). The Uranen Kingdom sent four (4) of its rajahs, namely; Rajah Batarabuwasan, Rajah Pagarabuwasan, Maharabuwasan, and Rajah Yuwaharabuwasan. Dr. Sonia Zaide (1985) identified them as King Prabu, King Mahalchilim, and King Pahala. The four (4) rajahs had been welcomed by the Emperor Yung Lo of the Ming Dynasty. The civilization of the Chinese was introduced in the Kingdom through them. Most of the things which were seen by them in the China beneficial and advantageous to the Kingdom and its people were adopted and it became a part of the culture of the Iranun. Dresses, ladies style and ornaments (pandara), Brass wares, costume(loose trouser for women) and other social patterns were adopted from the chinese people. In warriorship, Iranun had learnt a lot from the chinese. The skill in using bow and arrow, using kampilan, kris and other ancient weapons were improved. In household likewise a lot of things had been learnt from the chinese (cooking, embroidery and others) were also learnt from the chinese. Iranun had also foreign contacts and relations with India. Iranun learnt more languages in India including their mystical knowledge. Oral tradition says that many of the medical and magical knowledges of the Iranun were learnt from the Indian. The ancient formula of computing the one year days. The ancient Iranun astronomers had computed one year 354 year (leaf year) and 355 days ( common year). They arranged the 12 months by 30 days and 29 days; fifteen days (sbang) and fifteen days (delem). In short astronomical knowledge of the Iranun were learnt from Indian. This formula was confirmed by the modern science. Thus the astronomical knowledge of the Iranun during ancient time was accurate because it survived and rearched the modern era. Medical knowledge ( Katabibtabib) using oration and medicinal plants were learnt from the Indian people. The civilization of the Iranun had been improved through foreign contacts and relations (Chinese, Indians, Malays and Arabs)Rajah Marikudo (Merkat Ado in some version), ruler of Aninipay(Panay) Island wherein the ten Borneans datus met was an Iranun. Western and Filipino writers (historians) failed to identify the true identity of the datu. Rajah Merkat Ado was one of the ancient sovereigns who ruled the island especially Aninipay. As it was described that Iranun was a hospitable people, Rajah Merkat Ado welcomed them (Borneans) in his sovereign kingdom. Actually a portion of Aninipay (Panay) probably coastal area was offered by the Rajah for the Bornean datus to live and establish their villages. Historians said that it was sold to the Bornean datus. It is contrary to the literature of the Iranun tarsila that the place was not sold but offered as a sign of friendship and hospitability. To recognize the hospitability of the Iranun in Aninipay led by Rajah Merkat Ado; Datu Puti, the leader of the Borneans offered marriage with the daughter of Rajah Merkat Ado. A marriage contract was entered into between the natives and the Borneans. A dowry was offered and given in terms of one(1) set of golden nicklace and gold sayap (salakot in some version). After the marriage ceremony, Rajah Merkat Ado asked an opinion from his Council of Elders the best action in order to reinforce the established relationship between his realm and the Borneans. The Council of Elders categorically said: Give the low portion (coastal area) of your territory to your daughter as her part in your ancestral domain. You transfer and establish your capital and Palace (Turugan) to the inner part of your territory. Oral tradition says that about one kilometer from sea coast going upper stream of the Aninipay river the location of the new capital and palace of the Rajah. Datu Puti and the Princess live harmony with other Borneans (11th century). The intermarriage between the two Sovereigns (Borneo and Iranun) prospered and expanded going north direction. Batangas was the first village (community) established. Intermarraige in the later decades were observed between the native aetas and the breed people. Later on as decades passed through, the Kingdom of Maynilad and Tondo were established. The socio-political interactions of the major Asian ancient sovereigns (Majapahit, Sri Vishaya Empires, Chinese Dysnasties, Indian Kingdom and the Ancient Uranen Kingdom) sprang out a well breed Iranun which constitutes the Last Uranen Kingdom under Rajah Urangguwan. Generally, Iranun was the first identified people who live in the ancient past of the civilization in this part of the globe. They were the people of the Uranen Kingdom. They established their villages along the coastal areas of the Iranun Bay and river banks. They were the people whom the Shariffs met in this Island. The origin of the Iranun people was from four feet to five feet in height. Their civilization belonged to the primitive civilization. However they had established contacts and relationship with foreign sovereigns and kingdoms. The first stage of breed of the Iranun with Shariff Aulia was the breed of Iranun whom Shariff Kabunsuan was met and later on arranged with them a marriage affinity. This is the first line of generation among the Iranun where native blood was breed with arab blood. They called it kia saripan. Iranun as a People Iranun was the aborigin and original inhabitants of Mindanaw. They were belonged to the primitive and prehistory people. They were identified by the Iranun tradition as Karibang and Karingki line of descent. These people were analogous with that of the Aetas (Negritoes) of Luzon and other places. They were breed with the foreign people ( Indonesian, Malays, Arabs, Indians, and Chinese). Iranun tarsila stated that they were the rapo people (foreigners) who migrated to the Island thousands of years ago who married the daughters of the different rajahs in the Island (11th-12th century). These marriage affinal ties sprung the modern (present) Iranun in the Island. Government and Succession of Authority The government of the ancient (prehistory) Iranun was simple but effective. They (rulers) had one hundred pre cent control over their sovereign. Each engged (community) had its ruler. They were exercising the Obsolute Monarchial System. Usually, patriarchal line or type adopted as a procedure of succession. After the father death or resignation, the son automatically replaces and sits the throne. In some cases, the daughter replaces the father in the throne. The system was family succession. The ruler was assisted by mantris (cabinets in the modern times). The legislation was vested in the Council of Elders ( in the mainland the luwaran or radawan in some version was the example, and Ruma Bitchara in the Lupa Soog). Thus the government was monarchy and the succession of authority was hereditary. Relationship With other VillagesThe ancient political relations among Iranun villages and principalities was confederation. Each Iranun village was independent to each other. However they were confederated. There was no central government. However, their socio-political relationship was very strong. They had established the so called allied warriors for defense purposes against any foreign attempts and invasion. Original Establishment and Location of Iranun Villages The ancient Iranun erstablished their vilages and communities along the seacoast of the Iranun Bay in the Moro Gulf (Crab Gulf). In some instances, the ancient Iranun lived along river banks. These villages expanded in the course of time. Until whitemen came for invasion and colonization. The villages of the ancient Iranun served at the same time as kuta. The turugan has a biruar (tower in the modern time) as watch house or guard house. Usually the biruar was built on the top of a tree or any tall object. The purpose was to oversee the coming enemy(s). In a hilly places, biruar was built on the top of the hill.Source of Living and Livelihood The ancient Iranun were good farmers and fishermen. They were living in the fertile vast land and sea. They supplement farming and fishing by hunting deers and other wild animals for their daily needs and consumption. Other source of livelihood was black and gold smith industry. Ancient Iranun were good blacksmither and gold smither. For women, Iranun were good waver of mats and malong. The ancient Iranun used barter trading (among themselves and intervillages). The fishermen exchanged fish to rice/corn/ube and other agriculture products/crops for their daily consumption. The farmer did the same. Therefore their medium of exchange in the absence of money was bartering in order to acquire a property or anything for them to survive. Costumes and Dresses Ancent Iranun man were using samping (vernacular for bahag) and sablay (Tsaliko in modern time), and tubaw. However, ancient Iranun were shoesless. They were not using shoes due to absence of knowledge on shoemaking. They were footbbeares peeople. For the women, ancient Iranun were using loose blouses in the primitive style. Later, it was improved when foreign contacts with the chinese.Characteristics /Quality(s)/Habits Ancient Iranun possessed a very hospitable, courteous, respectfull, obedience and other good qualities. They were brave and good combatant (warrior). They were champion of freedom and defense. They usually considered their lawfull leaders as second to prophets. All orders of their leaders were faithfully followed. They were peace-maker and loving people. They were good friend but magnificient enemy in time of war. System of Education The ancient Iranun system of education was very simple. There was no school building and other materials. They used their individual houses as school building and classrooms. The father was the teacher of the boy children. The father taught his male children on manhood responsibilities and obligations such as farming, hunting, carpentry, and other manhood works. Skill on warriorship was the most important training among boy children. For the girl children, ancient Iranun taught their girl children on motherhood responsibilities and obligations such as cooking, waving, sewing, embroidery, washing clothes and kitchen utensils, rearing of children and motherhood works. Kapaningit sa engged ( Love and jealous of country was inculcated in the minds and hearts of each Iranun minors) by their teacher (mother).Each Iranun minor was trained to love the country. Love of country was the noblest act. They emphasized that country emanates all aspects of humanity. Iranun people were good nation makers. Both man and woman were required to study nationalism and patriotism. Thus the system of education of the ancient Iranun was simple. The emphasis was focus on love of country and humanity. Literature Ancient Iranun was identical with that of the Darangan Period. Some Iranun geneanologists say that Darangan Period was one of the periods of the ancient Iranun. The hero of the Darangan was Rajah Bantugen. The seat of the government was in Benbaran (situated in the north west of Bukidnon) near Wao. It was a name of a civilization of people during ancient time. The civilization was more on mystic and rituals activities. The Darangan was composed of decades with different episodes. It described most the characteritics of the Iranun as people. The true meaning of love and wisdom, leadership, livelihood (economics and industry) socio-political, humanity and other good quality and characteristics were described in the episodes of Darangen. Iranun oral tradition say that Darangan as a civilization was composed of six (6) federal states which Bembaran was the capital. These federal states were: Da Madiar a Linog, Sawlaya A Salg, Daguwatan sa Oray, Pindulunan sa Ragat, Sadurog ko Marandang, and Bembran. Their rulers were Batara Mangadka, Batara Mapalala Makaug, Batara Bakuludan sa Waki, Batara Lumuday sa Barat, Batara Tundugen, Batara Rinawraw Tubpaan, and Batara Bantugen respectively. The cabinets were: Daranda, Mabaning, and Lumbatan. The adore and beloved princess was Princess Lawanen.Iranun has many bayoks. Usually the oldfolks/elders during those times were using bayok in their communication. Examples of these bayoks are: Biwang Kawanan Tinday o Pagilidan Pipandaraan, Iranun Pipparasan, Ranaw Gilanggumilang, Maguindanao rawaten, Slangan da marimbang which connotes nobility and maharlika. Others like: Pidzan pagzir so ganding na so kapanganonen bo na maliwanag den sa dar which means hospitability and courteousness. Benar e rinaw so ragat na sisirungen a barat so karante o alongan which means problems and sorrows. The principal village ( principality) was Benbaran, the capital of the Darangan civilization, wherein the Turugan (royal house) was established. Turugan was the official residence and court of the Ayunan Pangadapen O Inayunan O Kampong sa Ilian a Benbaran ( Official Royal Court of the Most Respected and Honored Leader of Benbaran), His Majesty Ayunan Pangadapen Pasandalan A Murog, the great ruler. All important matters either personal or non personal business transactions were done in the Turugan. Other villages (principalities) were Bugabong A Kumara, the village of Her Majesty Paramata Gandingan. Bugabong A Kumara was civilized as Benbaran. Iranun experts in Darangan say that Benbaran and Bugabong A Kumara were equal and parallell. Sarbaka Kilaten, Gamaniyog were states of Bugabong a Kumara. Music, Musical Instrument and Plays Darangen as a song was the most popular name or title of a song during the Darangan Period. Darangen as a title of a song described the entire civilization. Man and woman knew very well to perform/sing darangen. Darangen as a song was usually sang at night. Bayok was another name of a song which usually performed by two or three performers. The Mranaw sometimes called Kambayoka. The performers were called Unur. Mamayog was another name of a song, performed by one gentleman and one lady. The mamayog described the loyalty and courteousness of a husband to his wife during the ancient Iranun (Darangen Period). Some Iranun folks identified another song entitled Darangen a Babay (Most Beloved and Adored Lady) was commonly sang/ performed in the Slangan Principality. Princess Tinabon was the star who was being described in the song. The kulintang, agong, gandingan, pamindira, and dibakan were usually and commonly used as musical instrument. It was called in the Iranun as Lima A mamagenesupa (Lima Ka Daragia in Ranaw). This musical instruments were usually used during fiest day or durangna (wedding ceremony). During the ancient time, Lima Ka Mamagenesupa was used also during rituals. Kutyapi (Kudyapi in some version), palendag, suling, kubing were among the musical instruments during the ancient time in the Iranun civilization. Generally, all the person who reach the maturity stage of human development knew to use and play these instruments. Sagayan was a stage play which usually performed by young man describing the skill and bravery of the Iranun warriors. The sagayan was usually performed during rituals. Sagayan was usually performed by two young men. Minors can do it. In some Iranun wedding fiest/ceremony, sagayan was being performed in the kakuyog sa damak (damak is a cooked sweet foods deliver to the house of the bride from groom house) and in the procession ( kuyog) of the groom. It was usually put ahead of the parade. Sagayan during wedding ceremony is accompanied by an unta (it is look like a camel played and manipulated by a youngman to move). Kulintang (Lima A Mamagenesupa) was being play as a music of the procession. Sinulog was a kulintang tune usually used as a music in the procession. Wedding Fiest/CeremonyDuring the ancient Iranun, wedding fiest/ceremony was a long process. Parental system was the usual practice. Iranun usually practice maharlika system. The man who was belonged to the ruling family of the village marries the daughter of the ruling family of other village (Prince is for Princess Principle).Iranun wedding process undergoes four stages. These stages were: panunuriman (observation), pangingidong (Whispering) from the kakamaman side (groom side), sarangguni (actual negotiation of the two parties facilitiated by other group, usually the Council of Elders of the bride family), and gurangna (wedding ceremony). In some cases, sarangguni and gurangna were fused into one. It depends on the negotiation. During the ancient Iranun, dowry (sunggodan/btang/btad sa adat) was term of material not money, for example: land/lot, bulawan (gold), and other valuable materials (animals). In some cases uripin (slaves were accepted as dowry or even the entire sovereign of the groom father served as dowry in case of a single child). After signing of contract between the two parties, the groom was granted to court and talked/'invite the bride to ocassion with one chaperon. The groom was granted to sleep in the house of the bride. Wedding ceremony among maharlika (ruling family) was full of decors (pandara). There were activity (siapa sa manggis, kulintang contest, and other wedding activities were observed) to give honor and respect to the royal wedding.The common class (kadakelan) used only sambulayang with no flag and pamanay. The uripin has no wedding ceremony. The ruling family used the complete set of pandara (pasandalan, sambulayang with flag at the top of the pole, ubor-ubor, and pamanay). Usually bright colors were used (red,green and yellow). Among the ancient Iranun red means bravery, green means sovereign, and yellow means ruling family. These colors were only used and attributed to the ruling family. Properties and InheritanceThe whole sovereign (integral territory) of each village (kampong) belonged to the Datu. The property would be inherited by the legitimate heir(s) including rulership. The kadakilan(commoner) can possessed properties subject to bues (tax in the modern time). The uripin (slave) cannot possessed properties because themselves were the property of the datu. The property(s) of the kadakilan (commoner) would be inherited by their heirs.Laws The ancient Iranun used customary laws. Usually the council of elders were the drafter of the customary laws. The draft was presented in the followers during fiest days. In ancient Aninipay the Code of Kalantiaw was formulated and adopted. In the ancient Iranun radawan (Code of Models) was formulated. The Radawan defined and described socio-political, family relations, religious/spiritual, and others which would be observed and followed. There were process involved in the implementation of laws especially in court: baina, amad, karina, matakapala (clarity, justification, suspect and testified respectively). Religion The religion of the ancient Iranun was greatly influenced by the state religion of Sri Vishaya and Madjapahit Empires. The arrival of Shariff Aulia gave a significant effect to the religion. Sufism as a belief was introduced. Thus they became a Muslim-Sufie.Supertitious Belief The ancient Iranun had many supertitious beliefs. The examples were: eclipse, black butterfly, snakes enters the house and others. There were about hundreds of supertitious beliefs of the Iranun. Tunung was identified to be a powerful spirit. Language The ancient language of the Iranun was originated from the Malayo-Polynesian Language of the Pacifics. In course of time most of the original language of the Iranun were modified due influence of other language. The original language used in the Darangan was an Iranun language. The original language had been modified due to: conquest, intermarriage with foreign nation, adoption, and duplication. Out these factors the present language evolved. The present Iranun language is generally accepted as medium of communication in Mindanaw except Lupah Suog. The present Muslim can understand Iranun. Thus Iranun is the mother language of the Muslims in Mindanao. Writing The ancient alphabets of the Iranun were patterned in India. The system of writing was one of the good achievements of the Iranun during its foreign contacts with the Indian people. Although it was primitive, the Iranun have their own system of writing. This system of writing was influenced and gradually changed to the present system patterned from the arabs. They called it kirim. The kirim was looked like sometimes a bird, a tree, a roof, and cloud-shape.Arts The ancient Iranun has its own arts. The most popular one until the present time is the ukir ( engraving naga). The ukir is used almost furnitures and fixtures of the Iranun including houses. The bawor (cabenit or apparador now a days) has an ukir differrent forms and patterned. Sarimanok is another type of ukir during the ancient Iranun which was passed generation to generation. Most of the museums and libraries now a days have these arts displayed. Science and Math The ancient Iranun were good scientists of their time. They were astronomers. They name heavenly bodies as: makabangis, sulo a mangangayaw, manok, madakel, laya. They arranged the twelve months (12) to 30 days and 29 days. Therefore there are three hundred fifty four (354) day in one year (common year) and three hundred fifty five (355) leaf year. They divided one month into two groups: Sbang and delem. They used heavenly bodies as compass. They can determine west, east, south, north by the used of the heavenly bodies at night. Their knowledge in astronomy and navigation was older than the knowledge of the western people (Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch and others). There were eight (8) tahons, five (5) kutika, and eight (8) bintang. All these are instruments of the ancient Iranun in compution. Even they were in the mid of the forest, they can calculate low or high tide through this knowledge in science. In Mathematics/arithmetic, gibo (thousand), laksa (one hundred thousand), pandang (million of thousasands). They had also a system of counting. They used riray system. Some of the mathematical terminology were: laksa, salaksa, laksalaksa, yuta, sayuta,sayutayuta. All these were few among their mathematical terminologies. Arabic numerals and system of counting including mathematical nomenclature were introduced and adopted during the Shariffs period. Thus a modification was observed. Territorial Defense The ancient Iranun were good defenders of their territory and freedom. They consider any individual or group who do not signifying its interest to enter the Iranun territory (both sea and land) as enemy. Coordination (Pagtaw) was very important to them. To them (Iranun) when you enter the territory of the other sovereign without coordination was considered sin and unlawful. The invasion and other marine activity of the Spaniards and its allied forces/group/tribe were considered unlawful. Out of this concept, Iranun warriors were forced to drive out through drastic action (by force) all groups or individuals who attempt to enter their territory without prior notice of friendship. Their defense tactics and mechanisms were misconceptualized and misunderstood by filipino and western authors. Filipino and foreign writers described Iranun as pirates. They were not pirates. They only defend their territories against invasion of foreigners. Iranun in the Shariffs PeriodUranen Kingdom was the first kingdom ever had in the ancient period (prehistory). It was the mother of all kingdoms established after decades or centuries. Shariff Aulia was the first arab muslim with missionary works who stepped-foot and landed in the Uranen Kingdom (Tbok was the seat of government). He married the native princess named Bai Pagunguwan (Iranun tradition identified her as Bai sa Pandan). Out of their wedlock, they begot the four rajahs (Makaapen, Dungklang, Maraguia, and Budtol). The introduction of the belief brought into the Kingdom through Shariff Aulia was the first stage of the Iranun civilization recorded in history. The old belief was gradually changed to what is present belief of the Muslims in the world. The system of government, socio-economic, trade and industry and other walks of life were improved and strengthened. The primitive system of government was changed to more structurized system. The Caliphate was introduced described as Sultanate System. Iranun tarsila say that Makaapen married Lingayen, a daughter of the property custodian of Rajah Urangguwan begot Princess Angintabu. The Princess was married by Shariff Kabunsuan (1475). Out of their wedlock, they begot Saripada Makaalang. Saripada Makaalang married his first cousin name Princess Pidsarawdan, a daughter of Rajah Dungklang, begot Saripada Bankaya. Saripada Bankaya married a lady of Lupah Suog named Princess Sri Pangyan Mampay Laila begot Saripada Raut (laut in some version) Buisan begot Sultan Dipatuan Kudarat, the strongest and has a longest term of realm among the Iranun sultans. It is interesting to note that the term saripada was used as prefix three times before the given names: Makaalang, Bankaya, and Raut. The term has a Malayan origin probably a term existing and used during the two big empires (Sri Vishaya and Madjapahit). It connotes ruler or nobility. Thus it was a royalty title used during the ancient period of political structure which is equivalent to Sultan (Surutan in Iranun version). The introduction of sultanate system gradually changed the rajahship (primitive system patterned from ancient (prehistory system of government) to more advanced political system. Iranun as a people with distinct nationality entered into a neolistic civilization called Shariff Period. The Iranun accepted the Ideology introduced by the Shariffs. Iranun During Sultanate SystemIt was presented in the preceeding paragraphs that the two identified Shariffs (Aulia and Kabunsuan) intermarraige with the Iranun Rajah families ( Rajah Urangguwan and Rajah Makaapen respectively). Out of this social relationship, the new socio-political practices was merged and developed. The offspring of Shariff Aulia-Princess Pagunguwan was intermarriage in the later decades with the offspring of Shariff Kabunsuan-Princess Angintabu. Out of this mixed and interwaved bloodline of descent sprang a royalty lineage of decendant. Sultan Kudarat, the first native ruler used Sultan as a royal political title and authority eas of Iranun-Shariff line of descent with a blood sprang from the Karibang-Karingke line of descen. Out of these facts, it is safe to say that the first Sultan of the native breed from the Iranun-Shariff line belonged to the Uranen Kingdom which exercised its sovereign authority and power over the Crab Gulf (Moro Gulf) with concentration in the Iranun Bay. Thus Rajah Urangguwan of the ancient past (prehistory) and Sultan Kudarat of the Shariff period (Sultanate System)were the fathers of the royal line of descent among the native inhabitants. Out of these facts all claimants of royalty line of descent are all descended from Iranun-Shariff marriage affinal ties Sultan Kudarat realm was a continuation of the ancient political system spearheaded by Rajah Urangguwan. The seat of the former government was in Ramitan (Lamitan in the Filipino authors). It is one of the barangays of the municipality of Sultan Gumander, Lanao del Sur in the present geographical political division. Ramitan was the first seat of government led by Sultan Kudarat. The seat of government of the latter was in Tbok. Tbok is one of the barangays of the municipality of Malabang, Lanao del Sur in the present geographical political division. It is interesting to note that the two capitals (seat of governments) are neigbors. Sultan Gumander and Malabang are only separated by Picong River and both situated and located along the sea coast of the Iranun Bay of the Crab Gulf ( LayaganGulf). Iranun During Spaniah InvasionThe first recorded Spanish invasion in the Mindanao (Uranen) was on 1596. This was led by Capt. Figueroa. Figueroa was killed during the fight. The gesture and action of the Spaniards was considered by the native Iranuns as aggression and and invasion. The Council of Elders unanimously agreed to adopt a technique for effective defense against the Spaniards. The top executives namely Rajah Raut Buisan, Rajah, Sirungan, and Rajah Tagal suggested to the Council to launch a counter offensive. The proposal was approved. They attacked Visayas islands, Mindoro, Bicolandia, and Southern Tagalog. The counter offensive of the natives was misconceptualized by the Spanish and Filipino historians. They described it as piratic activity. This is not true and uncorrect. The natives had just adopt an effective technique for defense purposes. They only defended their sovereign state and nation against foreign invasion. he counter attacked were launched in 1599, 1600, and 1602. Change of System From Kingdomship to Sultanate Meanwhile, in the year 1617, Kingdomship was officially changed to Sultanate System. The first ruler of the new system was Kudarat, the son of Rajah Raut Buisan. His renal name was His Majesty Sultan Mohammad Dipatuan Kabunsuan Urangguwan. He established his seat of government at Ramitan (now a barangay of Sultan Gumander, Lanao del Sur). Invasion Continued On March 13, 1637 (Zaide), Governor Corcuera invaded Ramitan. The native inhabitants fearlessly defended their territory against the Superpower Spain. The Sultan retreated in the inner portion of Ramitan. He moved to Dapaw Lake for a week. The Council of Elders agreed to the proposal of the Sultan to transfer his Court (capital) at Magulaling, Balabagan, Lanao del Sur. In this seat of government, the Sultan was able to expand his sovereign powers and authority. The villages and communities within the Crab Gulf (Moro Gulf) and the inner parts of the Island, except Surigao and Agusan. He established socio-political alliances with the local (kampong) leaders and foreign nations like Brunie Darussalam, Java, Makassar, Sumatra, Lahore, Singapore, China, and India. He was able to mobilize all sectors of the Uranen Sultanate. In 1647 he transfered his capital (seat of government) to Simuay Seashore, Sultan Mastura, Shariff Kabunsuan (now a days). Iranun in the Height of the Divide-and-Rule Technique After the death of Sultan Mohammad Dipatuan Kudarat Kabunsuan Urangguwan, the Divide-and-Rule Technique was applied by the colonizers (Spaniards and Dutch). Sultan Tahiruddin Malinog was supported by the Dutch. On the other side, Sultan Manamir was supported by the Spaniards for supremacy. Rivalry in the succession issue was the gate to divide the native Iranuns. The whole Sultanate was divided into two groups (Malinog group and Manamir group). This was the beginning of the subdivisioon of the native inhabitants. This also leads to some corrupt use of words, and colonial terms although native but it implied destructions. Here are some examples of corrupt use of terms and words: Luzon (Liusong), Panay (Aninipay), Visayas (Vishaya), Tagalog (Taga- ilog), Illana (Iranun), Zamboanga (Samboangan), Lanao (Ranaw), and many others. Iranun During American Regime It was described that more than three centuries, the native Iranun fought for defense of freedom and homeland. They were not conquered until the time of signing of the Treaty of Paris on December 10, 1898 which ended the Spanish-American War for Supremacy. The Royal Government of Spain ceded all the controlled territories and exercised its power and authority to United States of America.The present Mindanaw, Palawan, and Sulu were not included in the Treaty because they were not conquered. The Americans amplified and use the same technique (Divide-and-Rule). They only improved and strengthened the technique used by the Spaniards. They used words which connotes places in order to deceive the native. With due respect to some historians, Maguindanao as a name of a place which connotes a traditional name implying sovereignty is not correct. It is used and amplified by the Americans to destroy the original place which implies sovereignty the SLANGAN DA MARIMBANG which means Slangan the original and has no equal.Cotabato, Lanao, Zamboanga, Davao are all colonial term used, applied and amplified by the colonizers (Americans) to destroy the tradition of the native. The original was Slangan, Ranaw, Samboangan, Tagalook respectively. Effect of Colonization The most destructive effect of the colonization to the Iranun and Uranen as a nation and state respectively was deception to the next generation. Spanish writers and historians (Pigafetta) wrote a wrong information and data. He described the native inhabitants whom Magellan met as Moores (a nation whom they encountered in war in Africa). This people has the same quality and ability in combat with the native inhabitants of the Island. Thus Pigaffeta baptized the Iranuns as Moores. Later the term Moores was corruptly used by other writers- the present form Moro. The usage of the term Moro to refer the native inhabitants in the Island was amplified by the American writers. Thus the original nation and state - Iranun and Uranen respectively were forgotten in the annal of history of the Island.The colonization has contributed much to the introduction of western culture, belief, customs, practices, and others aspects of life which were harmful and destructive to the culture, tradition, belief, practices of the Iranun as a native inhabitants. The political system was introduced which caused to the gradual modification of the political system of the natives. The socio-political system of the Iranun was totally destroyed during the American regime. The Americans organized the Moro province for the purpose of total elimination of the residues and remains of the past civilization enjoyed by the native inhabitants from the ancient Uranen Kingdom down to Uranen Sultanate led by His Majesty Sultan Mohammad Dipatuan Kudarat Kabunsuan Urangguwan. Thus introduction of Cotabato, Lanao, Davao, Zamboanga, and Sulu was a strategy of the colonizer to eliminate the truth. Cotabato, Lanao, Davao, Zamboanga, and Sulu were native in connotation but colonization by intention. Many terms and words which were corruptly introduced and used for colonization purposes. The examples of these words are: Dagiangas, later it becomes Dadiangas later on it was changed to General Santos. Tacudong was modified to Tacurong, Kutawato, later on was modified to Cotabato. Lupah Suog, later on was modofied to Sulu, Aninipay, later on was modified to Panay. Irong-irong, later on was modified to Iloilo. Antik, later on was modofied to Antique. Tukudan, later on was modified to Tucuran, Pangagian, later on was modified to Pagadian. Marges a ig, later on was modified to Margosatubig, Kumaladang, later on was modified to Kumalarang. Padampadang, later on was modified to Parang and many others. All of these are colonization strategy. The foremost effect of the colonization to the Iranun natives was the so called colonial mentality. The mental or intellectual skill of the native becomes dependent and submissive to the western and americans. The Iranun natives become nothing and mentally slave of the foreign education. Therefore, conquest and colonization were the root caused of the problem in the Island (Palawan, Sulu, and Mindanao: Pandawan, Lupah Suog, Uranen of the ancient past respectively). Therefore the colonization wiped out everything.SUMMARY What is Iranun?Iranun as a word/term is composed two words which were joined together to form a word with distinct interpretation and description. The word/term IRA means remains, residue, or silt. These word/term may refer to a place or area which was formed out of a long process evolved from remains or residual process that caused a formation of a place. NUN means people with distinct culture, government and laws, belief, and tradition. In the course of time, established its villages and communities along the coastal areas and shores of the Iranun Bay (Illana Bay). Some were established in river banks. These villages were expanded. It reached Ranaw, Upper Stream, and other parts of the Island. Geographycally, Iranun was a group of people who established their communities along the coastal areas of the Iranun Bay and some river banks. Iranun as a nation sprang from the Karinke-karibang clan and the shariff (Shariff Aulia). Iranun is not a tribe of any nation of the world. It is a nation distinct from other nations with defined territory and sphere of influenced, political structure/system, socio-economic, educational system. It is one of the oldest nations of the world. This nation was destroyed and ruined by colonization. Iranun has its own culture, custom and tradition. The name of the state was Uranen Kingdom, its people was Iranun. The ancient Uranen state is the Mindanao of the present time. The terrotiry of the Kingdom stretched from Sibugay Peninsula to Tagalook Gulf with all in-lands areas. Most practically, the present Mindanaw is the Uranen Kingdom. Its sphere of influenced reached as far as Singapore and Borneo. The seat of government and center of civilization was in Tbok now a barangay of Malabang, Lanao sel Sur. Therefore the civilization in the Island started from the coastal area of the Iranun Bay (Illana Bay). Iranun tarsila named, called, and identified it as Biwang-Kawanan Tinday A Batal O Pagilidan (literarily translated as Left and Right Huge Coastal Principalities), in political interpretation the traditional name is translated as Kingdom of the Sea Coast, which refer to Uranen Kingdom, the official name. It had established foreign relations and contacts with India, China, and Arab. Its relation to these nations were focused on socio-political, economic and trade, and education. Iranun was the group of people whom the Spaniards met and fought led by Sultan Kudarat. References: Datu Kali sa Balabagan, Notes on the Origin of the Iranun, 1179H (translated). Iranun Tarsila Oral Tradition of Iranun

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What are some 13 letter words?

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estimableness, estrangedness, estrangements, estrogenicity, ethmotrubinal, ethmovomerine, etiologically, eucharistical, eudaemonistic, eudiometrical, euphemistical, eurhipidurous, eurypteroidea, evangelically, evangelistary, eventualities, everlastingly, eviscerations, evolutionists, exacerbations, exaggeratedly, exaggerations, exanthematous, exauctoration, exauthoration, excandescence, excarnificate, exceptionable, exceptionally, exceptionless, excerebration, excessiveness, exclusiveness, excommunicant, excommunicate, excortication, excrescential, excursionists, excursiveness, excusableness, exemplariness, exemplifiable, exhibitionism, exhibitionist, exobiological, exobiologists, expansibility, expansionists, expansiveness, expatriations, expectorating, expectoration, expectorative, expectorators, expeditionary, expeditionist, expeditiously, expendability, expensiveness, experimenters, experimenting, experimentist, experinenting, exploitations, explosiveness, exponentially, 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featherweight, feinschmecker, felicitations, fellowshiping, feloniousness, fermentations, ferociousness, ferromagnetic, ferrumination, fertilization, fibrillations, fibrinogenous, fibrospongiae, fibrovascular, fictionalized, fictionalizes, filibusterers, filibustering, filibusterism, filipendulous, fillibustered, filmographies, filterability, finalizations, fingerprinted, flabbergasted, flagellations, flamethrowers, flashforwards, flirtatiously, floccillation, floodlighting, floricultural, florification, flounderingly, flourishingly, fluctuability, fluctuational, fluophosphate, fluoridations, fluorinations, fluorocarbons, fluoroscopies, fluoroscopist, foolhardihood, foolhardiness, foreconscious, foredetermine, foreknowingly, foreknowledge, forementioned, foreordaining, forepossessed, foreshadowing, foreshortened, foresightedly, forgetfulness, formalization, formidability, formularistic, formulization, fornicatrices, fortification, fortitudinous, fortunateness, fortuneteller, forwardsearch, fossiliferous, fossilization, fountainheads, fractionalize, fragmentarily, fragmentation, franchisement, frankalmoigne, frankensteins, freeheartedly, frequentation, frequentative, frighteningly, frightfulness, frontispieces, fruitlessness, frumentaceous, frumentarious, frustratingly, fugaciousness, funambulation, funambulatory, functionalist, functionality, functionalize, functionaries, fundamentally, futurologists, gallimaufries, galvanization, galvanoglyphy, galvanography, galvanologist, galvanometers, galvanometric, galvanoplasty, galvanoscopic, gangrenescent, ganocephalous, garnetiferous, garrulousness, gasteropodous, gastrectomies, gastriloquist, gastriloquous, gastrocnemius, gastroenteric, gastrohepatic, gastrologists, gastromalacia, gastronomical, gastrophrenic, gastrosplenic, geminiflorous, gemmification, gemmuliferous, gemutlichkeit, generalissimo, generalizable, genericalness, genethlialogy, genitourinary, gentianaceous, gentlemanhood, gentlemanlike, 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heresiography, hermaphrodism, hermaphrodite, hermeneutical, herpetologist, herpetotomist, heterocarpism, heterocarpous, heteroclitous, heterodromous, heterogeneity, heterogeneous, heterogenesis, heterogenetic, heterographic, heteromorphic, heteroousious, heteropelmous, heterophemist, heteroplastic, heterosexuals, heterosporous, heterostylism, heterotactous, heterotropous, hexactinellid, hexadactylous, hexoctahedron, hieroglyphics, hieroglyphist, hilariousness, histohaematin, historionomer, histrionicism, hobbyhorsical, holluschickie, holometabolic, holophanerous, holostomatous, homalographic, homeomorphous, homestretches, homocategoric, homoeomerical, homoeopathist, homoeothermal, homoeroticism, homogangliate, homogeneously, homoiothermal, homologoumena, homolographic, homosexuality, honorableness, honorifically, horizontality, hornswoggling, horrification, horripilation, horsefeathers, horseradishes, horsewhipping, horticultural, hospitalities, hospitalizing, hotheadedness, housebreakers, housebreaking, housecleaning, househusbands, houselessness, housewarmings, huckleberries, humanitarians, humiliatingly, humorlessness, humorsomeness, hundredweight, hutchunsonian, hybridization, hydrarthrosis, hydraulically, hydrocarburet, hydrocephalic, hydrocephalus, hydrochlorate, hydrochloride, hydrocorallia, hydrodynamics, hydroelectric, hydrogalvanic, hydrogenating, hydrogenation, hydrogenizing, hydrographers, hydromellonic, hydrometrical, hydropathical, hydrophlorone, hydrophyllium, hydrostatical, hydrosulphate, hydrosulphide, hydrosulphite, hydrotelluric, hydroxanthane, hydroxylamine, hygrometrical, hymenomycetes, hymenopterous, hyomandibular, hyperactivity, hyperboliform, hyperbolizing, hypercritical, hyperdicrotic, hyperesthesia, hyperglycemia, hyperglycemic, hypermetrical, hypermetropia, hyperphysical, hyperthetical, hyperthyroids, hypertonicity, hypertrophied, hypertrophies, hypnoanalyses, hypnoanalysis, hypnotization, hypobranchial, hypocarpogean, hypochondriac, hypochondrium, hypocleidiums, hypodicrotous, hypophosphate, hypophosphite, hyporhachides, hyposensitive, hyposensitize, hyposulphuric, hypothecating, hypothecation, hypothesizers, hypothesizing, hypsometrical, hysteranthous, iatrochemical, ichneumonidan, ichneumonides, ichthyography, ichthyologist, ichthyomorpha, ichthyosauria, ichthyosaurus, ichthyosiform, ichthyotomist, idealizations, identicalness, ideographical, ideologically, idiographical, idiomatically, idiorepulsive, idiosyncratic, ignominiously, illecebration, illegitimated, illiberalized, illiberalness, illuminations, illustrations, illustriously, imaginability, imaginariness, imaginational, imaginatively, imitativeness, immarcescible, immarcescibly, immaterialism, immaterialist, immateriality, immaterialize, immediateness, immiscibility, immortalities, immortalizing, immovableness, immunizations, immunological, immunologists, immunotherapy, immutableness, impalpability, imparipinnate, impartialness, impartibility, impassability, impassibility, impassionable, impassiveness, impatronizing, impeccability, impecuniosity, impecuniously, imperceivable, imperceptible, imperceptibly, imperdibility, imperfectible, imperfections, imperfectness, imperforation, imperialistic, imperialities, imperializing, imperiousness, impermanently, impermissible, imperseverant, impersonality, impersonalize, impersonating, impersonation, impersonators, imperspicuity, imperspicuous, impersuadable, impersuasible, impertinences, impertinently, impertrubable, imperturbable, imperturbably, impetuousness, impignoration, implacability, implacentalia, implementable, implicatively, impolitically, impoliticness, imponderables, importunately, importunities, imposableness, impossibility, imposthumated, impoverishing, impracticable, impracticably, impreciseness, impregnations, imprejudicate, impreparation, impresionable, impressionism, impressionist, impreventable, imprisonments, improbability, improficience, improficiency, improgressive, improlificate, improperation, impropriating, impropriation, impropriatrix, improprieties, improvability, improvidently, improvisating, improvisation, improvisatize, improvisatore, improvisatory, impulsiveness, impunctuality, imputableness, imputrescible, inacquiescent, inactivations, inadvertently, inaffectation, inanimateness, inapplication, inappreciable, inappreciably, inappropriate, inarticulated, inassimilable, inattentively, inaugurations, incandescence, incapableness, incapacitated, incapacitates, incapacitator, incapsulation, incarcerating, incarceration, incarcerators, incarnadining, incastellated, incinerations, incircumspect, inclinnometer, inclusiveness, incoalescence, incoexistence, incognoscible, incoincidence, incombustible, incommiscible, incommodating, incommodation, incommodement, incommodities, incommunicado, incompetently, incompossible, incomprehense, inconcealable, inconceivable, inconceivably, inconceptible, inconcussible, incondensable, incondensible, inconditional, inconformable, incongealable, incongruently, incongruities, incongruously, inconsequence, inconsideracy, inconsiderate, inconsistence, inconsistency, inconspicuous, incontaminate, incontestable, incontestably, incontinently, inconvenience, inconveniency, inconversable, inconvertible, inconvertibly, inconvincible, inconvincibly, incorporality, incorporating, incorporation, incorporative, incorporators, incorporeally, incorrectness, incorruptible, incorruptibly, incorruptness, incredibility, incredulously, incriminating, incrimination, incriminatory, incrustations, inculpability, incultivation, incurableness, incuriousness, indefatigable, indefatigably, indeliberated, indemnization, independently, indescribable, indescribably, indescriptive, indeterminacy, indeterminate, indevirginate, indifferently, indiscernible, indiscerpible, indiscretions, indispensable, indispensably, indispensible, indisposition, indissolvable, indistinction, indistinctive, indisturbance, individualism, individualist, individuality, individualize, individuating, individuation, indoctrinated, indoctrinates, inductiveness, induplicative, industrialism, industrialist, industrialize, industriously, ineducability, ineffableness, ineffectively, ineffectually, inefficacious, inefficiently, ineligibility, inequidistant, inequilateral, inergetically, inerrableness, inevitability, inexhaustedly, inexhaustible, inexhaustibly, inexorability, inexpectation, inexpediently, inexpensively, inexperienced, inexplainable, inexpressible, inexpressibly, inexsuperable, inextinguible, infallibilist, infallibility, infashionable, infeasibility, inferentially, inferiorities, infiltrations, infinitesimal, inflammations, inflationists, inflexibility, inflorescence, influenceable, influentially, informalities, informational, informatively, inframarginal, infraposition, infrascapular, infratemporal, infrigidation, infringements, infrugiferous, infundibulate, infundibulums, infuriatingly, infusibleness, ingeniousness, ingenuousness, ingravidation, ingurgitation, inhabitancies, inhospitality, inimicability, inimitability, injudiciously, injuriousness, innervational, innocuousness, innovationist, inobservation, inoculability, inoffensively, inofficiously, inopportunely, inopportunity, inorganically, inorthography, inquisitional, inquisitively, inquisitorial, inregistering, insalubrities, insanableness, insatiability, insatiateness, insectivorous, inseminations, insensateness, insensibility, insensitively, insensitivity, insidiousness, insignificant, insincerities, insinuatingly, insociability, insolubleness, inspectorship, inspirational, instabilities, installations, instantaneity, instantaneous, instigatingly, instilllatory, instimulation, instinctively, instinctivity, institutional, institutively, instructional, instrumentary, instrumenting, instrumentist, insubmergible, insubordinate, insubstantial, insufficience, insufficiency, insupportable, insupportably, insuppressive, insurgescence, insurrections, insusceptible, insusurration, intangibility, integrability, integumentary, intellectuals, intelligencer, intelligences, intelligently, intemperances, intemperately, intemperature, intensiveness, intentionally, intentiveness, interacademic, interactively, interadditive, interalveolar, interaxillary, interbrachial, interbreeding, intercalating, intercalation, intercellular, interceptions, intercessions, interchaining, interchanging, interclavicle, intercolonial, intercolumnar, intercommoned, intercommuned, intercondylar, interconnects, intercrossing, intercultural, intercurrence, interdictions, interdigitate, interdistrict, interepimeral, interestingly, interferences, interferingly, intergalactic, interglobular, interjaculate, interjections, interjunction, interlacement, interlamellar, interlocation, interlocution, interlocutors, interlocutory, interlucation, intermarriage, intermarrying, intermaxillae, intermeddling, intermediated, intermediates, intermediator, intermication, intermination, intermingling, intermissions, intermittence, intermittency, intermixtures, intermobility, intermuscular, intermutation, internalizing, international, internunciess, interosculant, interosculate, interparietal, interpercular, interpersonal, interpetalary, interpetiolar, interpilaster, interpolating, interpolation, interpolators, interposition, interpretable, interpunction, interregional, interrelating, interrelation, interrogating, interrogation, interrogative, interrogators, interrogatory, interruptedly, interruptions, interscapular, interscendent, interscinding, interscribing, intersections, interseminate, interserttion, intersesamoid, intersessions, intersexually, intersidereal, intersocietal, intersomnious, interspersing, interspersion, interstellary, interstratify, intertangling, interthoracic, intertropical, interungulate, intervenience, interveniency, interventions, intervolution, intimidations, intoxicatedly, intoxications, intraaxillary, intracellular, intramarginal, intranscalent, intransigence, intransigents, intransitives, intraparietal, intrapetiolar, intrathoracic, intratropical, intravalvular, intravenously, intricateness, intrinsically, introducement, introductions, introductress, introgression, intropression, introspection, introspective, introversions, intrusiveness, intuitiveness, inturbidating, inturgescence, invalidations, invariability, invendibility, inventiveness, invertebrated, invertebrates, investigating, investigation, investigative, investigators, investigatory, inviabilities, invidiousness, invigorations, invincibility, inviolability, inviolateness, inviscerating, invisibleness, invitrifiable, involucellate, involuntarily, irrationality, irreclaimable, irreclaimably, irrecognition, irrecoverable, irrecoverably, irrecuperable, irrefrangible, irrelevancies, irreligionist, irreligiously, irremunerable, irrepatriable, irreplaceable, irreplaceably, irrepleviable, irrepressible, irrepressibly, irresponsible, irresponsibly, irretraceable, irretrievable, irretrievably, irritableness, isobarometric, isobathytherm, isodimorphism, isodimorphous, isogeothermal, isogeothermic, isolationists, isomerization, isometrically, isospondylous, isostatically, isothermobath, isotrimorphic, jeffersonians, jitterbugging, johnsonianism, jollification, judicializing, judiciousness, jungermanniae, jurisdictions, jurisprudence, justification, justificative, justificatory, juxtapositing, juxtaposition, kaleidoscopes, kaleidoscopic, kamtschadales, kaolinization, kapellmeister, karyostenosis, keramographic, kettledrummer, kidderminster, kilogrammeter, kilogrammetre, kinaesthesias, kindergartens, kindergartner, kindheartedly, kinematically, kinematograph, kinesiologies, kinesitherapy, kinetogenesis, kleptomaniacs, knickerbocker, knickknackery, knowledgeable, knowledgeably, knowledgeless, labialization, labiatifloral, laboriousness, labyrinthical, labyrinthodon, lacedaemonian, lackadaisical, lactationally, lactobacillus, laemodipodous, laevorotatory, lagophthalmia, lagophthalmos, lamarckianism, lamellibranch, lamellicornia, lamelliferous, laminiplantar, landownership, languishingly, laparorrhaphy, laryngologist, laryngoscopic, laterifolious, latitudinally, laughingstock, laureateships, lecherousness, legalizations, legislatively, legislatorial, legislatrices, legislatrixes, legitimatized, lepidodendrid, lepidodendron, lepidopterist, lepidopterous, lethargically, leucocythemia, leucoethiopic, leucophyllous, lexicographer, lexicographic, lexiphanicism, liberationist, librarianship, lichenography, lichenologist, liechtenstein, lieutenancies, lightfingered, lignification, lignitiferous, liguliflorous, lipogrammatic, liquefactions, lissencephala, lithiophilite, lithochromics, lithofracteur, lithoglyptics, lithographers, lithographing, lithontriptic, lithontriptor, lithophosphor, lithotriptist, litigiousness, loathsomeness, localizations, logarithmetic, logarithmical, logographical, longiloquence, longsuffering, lophobranchii, lowerclassman, lubrification, lucrativeness, ludicrousness, luncheonettes, luteocobaltic, luxuriousness, lycanthropies, lycanthropist, lycanthropous, lyencephalous, lymphadenitis, lymphangeitis, lymphatically, lymphosarcoma, lythontriptic, macedonianism, machiavellian, machicolation, machinability, macrocephalic, macrodactylic, macrodiagonal, macroeconomic, macromolecule, macropetalous, macrophyllous, macropinacoid, macroscopical, macrozoospore, mademoiselles, madreporiform, magisterially, magistratical, magnanimously, magnetiferous, magnetization, magnetometers, magnetometric, magnetomotive, magnification, magnificently, magniloquence, magnoliaceous, mahometanized, malacissation, malacostomous, malacostracan, maladaptation, maladjustment, maladminister, maladroitness, malebranchism, maleficiation, maleformation, malformations, malfunctioned, maliciousness, malinvestment, malleableness, malocclusions, malpracticing, malthusianism, maltreatments, mammaliferous, mammographies, mammonization, manageability, mandibuliform, manganiferous, mangoldwurzel, manifestation, manifestative, manipulatable, manipulations, manslaughters, manufactories, manufacturers, manufacturing, manuscription, marbleization, marchionesses, marketability, marlinespikes, marsipobranch, martyrization, martyrologist, marvelousness, masculineness, masculinities, masculinizing, massachusetts, masterfulness, masterminding, materfamilias, materialistic, materialities, materializing, mathematician, matriculating, matriculation, matrilineally, matrilinearly, matrimonially, measurability, mechanicalize, mechanization, mechanography, mediatization, mediterranean, megacephalous, megalocephaly, megalomaniacs, megalophonous, megalopolises, meistersinger, melancholiacs, melancholious, melanconiales, melanochroite, mellification, mellifluently, mellifluously, melodiousness, melodramatics, melodramatist, melostemonous, membranaceous, memorableness, memorializing, menstruations, mensurability, menticultural, mercenariness, merchandisers, merchandising, mercurialized, mercurialness, mercurochrome, meridionality, meritocracies, meritoriously, mesencephalic, mesencephalon, mesmerization, mesobranchial, mesobronchium, mesocephalous, mesocuneiform, mesologarithm, mesopterygium, metabolically, metabolizable, metabranchial, metadiscoidal, metalammonium, metalliferous, metallization, metallochrome, metallochromy, metalloenzyme, metallography, metallorganic, metallurgical, metallurgists, metamerically, metamorphisms, metamorphosed, metamorphoser, metamorphoses, metamorphosic, metamorphosis, metanephritic, metantimonate, metaphosphate, metaphysician, metapterygium, metastasizing, metatungstate, metempiricism, metempsychose, metencephalon, meteorography, meteorologist, meterological, methodistical, methodization, methodologies, methylparaben, metoposcopist, metrification, mezzotintoing, microanalyses, microanalysis, microanalytic, microbacteria, microbiologic, microcephalic, microcephalus, microclimates, microcomputer, microcosmical, micrometrical, micronutrient, microorganism, microparasite, microphthalmy, microphyllous, microscopical, microsurgeons, microsurgical, microzoospore, middlebrowism, middleweights, midwesterners, millennialism, millennialist, millenniarism, millionairess, mimeographing, minaciousness, mineralogical, mineralogists, miniaturizing, minicomputers, ministerially, ministrations, misaddressing, misadjustment, misadventured, misadventures, misadvertence, misalignments, misallegation, misanthropies, misanthropist, misapprehends, miscalculated, miscalculates, miscegenation, miscellaneous, mischievously, miscibilities, misclassified, misclassifies, miscomprehend, misconceiving, misconception, misconclusion, misconjecture, misconsecrate, misconstruing, misdeliveries, misdiagnosing, misdirections, misemployment, miserableness, misexposition, misexpression, misgovernance, misgovernment, misidentified, misidentifies, misinformants, misinstructed, misinterprets, mismanagement, misordination, misperception, mispersuasion, misproceeding, mispronounced, mispronounces, misproportion, misquotations, misrepresents, mississippian, misstatements, missuggestion, mistranslated, mistranslates, mistrustfully, mistrustingly, misunderstand, misunderstood, mitochondrion, mobilizations, moderatorship, modernization, modifiability, modifications, mohammedanism, mohammedanize, moistureproof, mollification, mollycoddlers, mollycoddling, momentariness, momentousness, moneychangers, monocephalous, monochromatic, monocotyledon, monodactylous, monogrammatic, monographical, monometallism, monometallist, monomolecular, mononucleoses, mononucleosis, monophthongal, monopolylogue, monosexuality, monospherical, monosulphuret, monosyllabism, monosyllabled, monosyllables, monosymmetric, monothalamous, monothelitism, monotrematous, monstrosities, monstrousness, morphogeneses, morphogenesis, morphogenetic, morphological, morphologists, mortification, mortifiedness, motorcyclists, motorscooters, mountaineered, mountainsides, mountebankery, mountebankish, mountebankism, muhammadanism, multicapsular, multicarinate, multicellular, multidigitate, multifunction, multigenerous, multiloquence, multinational, multinominous, multinucleate, multiplicable, multiplicands, multiplicator, multiplicious, multipresence, multiramified, multisyllable, multitudinary, multitudinous, multivalvular, multivariates, multivitamins, mummification, munchausenism, mundification, mundificative, murderousness, muriatiferous, muscularities, musculospiral, musicological, musicologists, musicotherapy, mutagenically, mutualization, mycobacterium, myelencephala, myoepithelial, myriacanthous, myriophyllous, mystification, naphthalidine, naphthylamine, narcohypnoses, narcohypnosis, narcotization, narragansetts, nasolachrymal, nationalistic, nationalities, nationalizing, nearsightedly, necessariness, necessitarian, necessitating, necessitously, neckerchieves, necromantical, necroscopical, nectariferous, nefariousness, neglectedness, negotiability, negotiatrixes, negotiousness, neighborhoods, nematocalyces, neoclassicism, neocolonially, neogrammarian, neologistical, neologization, nervelessness, nervomuscular, neurapophyses, neurapophysis, neurasthenias, neurasthenics, neuromuscular, neuroskeletal, neuroskeleton, neurosurgical, neurotoxicity, neurovascular, neverthelater, newfangleness, nickeliferous, niggardliness, nightcrawlers, nigrification, nitrification, nitrogenizing, nitroglycerin, nitromuriatic, nitroprusside, noctivagation, noiselessness, nomenclatress, nomenclatural, nomenclatures, nonabrasively, nonabsolutely, nonabsorbable, nonabsorbents, nonabstainers, nonacceptance, nonadjustable, nonadmissions, nonaerobiotic, nonaffiliated, nonagenarians, nonaggression, nonalienation, nonallergenic, nonappearance, nonapplicable, nonattendance, nonbituminous, noncarbonated, nonchargeable, nonclerically, nonclinically, noncohesively, noncoincident, noncombatants, noncommercial, noncommunists, noncompletion, noncompliance, noncompulsory, nonconcluding, nonconclusive, nonconcurrent, noncondensing, nonconducting, nonconduction, nonconductive, nonconductors, nonconfidence, nonconforming, nonconformism, nonconformist, nonconformity, noncongealing, nonconnective, nonconsenting, noncontagious, noncontiguous, noncontinuous, noncontraband, nonconvergent, nonconversant, noncumulative, nondeductible, nondeliveries, nondemocratic, nondependence, nondeposition, nondetachable, nondiplomatic, nondisclosure, nonelectrical, nonemphatical, nonequivalent, nonessentials, nonexpendable, nonexplosives, nonexportable, nonfilterable, nonforfeiture, nonfunctional, nongregarious, nonhereditary, nonidentities, nonimmunities, nonindulgence, nonindustrial, noninfectious, noninhabitant, noninterfaced, nonintoxicant, nonirritating, nonlimitation, nonliturgical, nonmeasurable, nonmechanical, nonmedullated, nonmembership, nonmilitantly, nonmilitarily, nonmystically, nonmythically, nonnegotiable, nonnitrognous, nonnutritious, nonobligatory, nonobservance, nonoccurrence, nonofficially, nonparametric, nonperishable, nonphysically, nonpossession, nonpossessive, nonprocedural, nonproduction, nonproductive, nonproficient, nonprofitable, nonprotective, nonpunishable, nonrationally, nonreciprocal, nonredeemable, nonrefillable, nonreflective, nonregardance, nonregimented, nonregistered, nonrelational, nonresistance, nonresistants, nonrestricted, nonreturnable, nonreversible, nonscholastic, nonscientific, nonsegregated, nonsensically, nonspecialist, nonstructural, nonsubmission, nonsubmissive, nonsubscriber, nonsuccessive, nonsupression, nonsustaining, nonsystematic, nontemporally, nontheatrical, nonuniformist, nonvascularly, nonvernacular, nonvocational, normalization, normativeness, northeasterly, northeastward, northerliness, northwesterly, northwestward, nostalgically, notarizations, notifications, novelizations, nucleoplasmic, nucleoprotein, nudibrachiate, nullification, numerologists, numismatology, nutritionally, nutritionists, nympholepsies, nymphomaniacs, objectionable, objectivation, objectiveness, obliterations, obliviousness, obnoxiousness, obscurantists, observational, observatories, obsessiveness, obsigillation, obsolescently, obstetrically, obstetricians, obstetricious, obstinateness, obstructively, obtenebration, obtrusiveness, occasionalism, occasionality, occipitoaxial, oceanographer, oceanographic, oceanologists, ochlocratical, octogenarians, octonaphthene, odontographic, odontophorous, odontornithes, odoriferously, offensiveness, offhandedness, officeholders, officialities, officiousness, oleomargarine, olfactometric, oligopetalous, oligosepalous, oligosiderite, oligospermous, omnicompetent, omnicorporeal, omniprevalent, oneirocritics, oneiroscopist, onomatologist, onomatopoetic, ontogenically, ontologically, oosporangiums, opacification, openendedness, openheartedly, operabilities, operationally, ophiomorphite, ophiomorphous, ophthalmology, opinionatedly, opisthoglypha, opisthography, opportunistic, opportunities, oppositionist, opprobriating, opprobriously, orchesography, orchestrating, orchestration, orchestrators, orchidologist, organicalness, organizations, organogenesis, organographic, organological, organoplastic, organotrophic, orientalizing, originalities, orismological, ornamentation, ornithichnite, ornithologist, ornithosauria, ornithotomist, oroheliograph, orphanotrophy, orthocarbonic, orthoceratite, orthodiagonal, orthodontists, orthodoxality, orthognathism, orthognathous, orthographist, orthographize, orthopinacoid, orthospermous, orthostichies, oryctological, oscillography, oscillometric, oscilloscopes, oscilloscopic, ossifications, ostensibility, ostreaculture, ostreophagist, outbargaining, outdistancing, outgeneraling, outgeneralled, outmaneuvered, outperforming, outrecuidance, outspokenness, outstandingly, outstretching, overabounding, overabundance, overachieving, overambitious, overanalyzing, overassertive, overattentive, overbalancing, overbearingly, overbounteous, overburdening, overconfident, overcredulous, overdecorated, overdecorates, overdefensive, overdelighted, overdependent, overdeveloped, overdiversify, overdiversity, overdramatize, overeducating, overelaborate, overembellish, overemotional, overemphasize, overestimated, overestimates, overexcitable, overexcitably, overexercised, overexercises, overexpanding, overexpansion, overexpectant, overexquisite, overextending, overextension, overfatiguing, overflowingly, overfreighted, overfurnished, overfurnishes, overgreatness, overhastiness, overimpressed, overimpresses, overinclining, overindulgent, overindulging, overinflating, overinfluence, overinsistent, overintensely, overinvesting, overlanguaged, overlargeness, overliberally, overmagnified, overmagnifies, overmastering, overmodifying, overmultitude, overofficious, overponderous, overpopulated, overpopulates, overprecisely, overproducing, overprominent, overprotected, overprovident, overqualified, overquietness, overreactions, overrighteous, oversensitive, overshadowing, overskeptical, overspreading, overstatement, overstimulate, overstraining, overstretched, overstretches, oversubscribe, oversupplying, overtechnical, overvaluation, overweeningly, overwillingly, overzealously, ovoviviparous, oxygenizement, oxyhemoglobin, ozonification, painstakingly, palaeographer, palaeographic, palatableness, paleobotanist, paleographers, paleographist, palindromical, palladiumized, palmatisected, palmidactyles, pancratiastic, pandiculation, panoramically, pansclavonian, panspermatist, panstereorama, pantagruelism, pantheistical, pantheologist, pantisocratic, papaveraceous, papillomatous, parabolically, parabronchium, paracentrical, paradigmatize, paradoxically, paragraphical, paralipomenon, parallactical, parallelistic, parallelogram, paramagnetism, paranormality, paranthracene, paraphernalia, paraphragmata, paraschematic, parasitically, parasiticidal, parasiticidic, parasitologic, parasynthetic, parathyroidal, parenthetical, parepididymis, parliamentary, parthenogenic, participantly, participating, participation, participative, participators, participatory, participially, particularism, particularist, particularity, particularize, partitionment, pasigraphical, passementerie, patentability, paterfamilias, paternalistic, pathogenicity, pathognomonic,

patriarchates, patronizingly, peaceableness, pedestrianism, pedestrianize, penetrability, penitentially, percussionist, perfectionism.

1 answer

13 letter word?

abbreviations abiogenically abnormalities abolitionisms abolitionists abortifacient absorbability absquatulated absquatulates abstractional abusivenesses accelerations accelerometer accentuations acceptability acceptingness accessibility accessorising accessorizing acciaccaturas acclimatising acclimatizers acclimatizing accommodating accommodation accommodative accommodators accompaniment accomplishers accomplishing accordionists accouchements accountancies accouterments accoutrements accreditation acculturating acculturation acculturative accumulations accustomation acetaldehydes acetaminophen acetazolamide acetification acetonitriles acetylcholine achlorhydrias achromatizing acidification acknowledging acquaintances acquiescences acquiescently acquisitional acquisitively acrimoniously acrobatically acronymically acrylonitrile actinometries actinomorphic actinomycetes actinomycoses actinomycosis actinomycotic actualization acupuncturist adaptednesses adiabatically adjudications adjustability admeasurement administering administrable administrants administrated administrates administrator admirableness admissibility admonishingly admonishments adorabilities adrenalectomy adrenochromes adulterations adumbratively adventuresome adventuresses adventuristic adventurously adversariness adversatively adversenesses advertisement advertizement advisableness aerobiologies aerodynamical aeroembolisms aeromechanics aeromedicines aesthetically aestheticians aestheticisms aestheticized aestheticizes affectability affectionally affectionless affectivities affenpinscher affirmatively affordability afforestation afterthoughts agamospermies agelessnesses aggiornamento agglomerating agglomeration agglomerative agglutinating agglutination agglutinative agglutinogens aggregateness aggregational aggregatively aggrievements agonistically agranulocytes agreeableness agrichemicals agriculturist agrochemicals agroforesters agronomically ailurophobias aimlessnesses airfreighting airlessnesses airsicknesses airworthiness alchemistical alcoholically aldolizations aldosteronism algebraically alimentations alkalimetries allegorically allelomorphic allelopathies allergenicity alliterations allomorphisms allopolyploid allotypically alphabetizers alphabetizing alphanumerics alternatively amalgamations amativenesses ambassadorial ambidexterity ambiguousness ambisexuality ambitiousness ameliorations amenabilities amiablenesses amicabilities aminoaciduria aminophylline amitriptyline amniocenteses amniocentesis amorousnesses amorphousness amortizations amphibologies amphictyonies amphidiploids amphidiploidy amphiploidies amphiprostyle amphitheaters amphitheatric amplification amusingnesses amyloidosises anachronistic anachronously anaerobically anagrammatize analogousness analphabetics analphabetism analyticities analyzability anaphorically anaphrodisiac anaphylactoid anathematized anathematizes anchorpersons ancientnesses andouillettes androsterones anecdotalisms anecdotalists anecdotically anencephalies anesthetizing anfractuosity angelologists angiographies angioplasties angiospermous anglicization animadversion animadverting animalization animatenesses anisometropia anisometropic anisotropisms annexationist annihilations anniversaries announcements annunciations anomalousness anonymousness antediluvians antepenultima anthelmintics anthologizers anthologizing anthophyllite anthranilates anthraquinone anthropogenic anthropometry anthropomorph anthropophagi anthropophagy anthroposophy antiacademics antiaircrafts antiapartheid antiarthritic antiarthritis antiauthority antibacterial antibillboard antiblackisms antibourgeois anticatalysts anticellulite anticigarette anticipatable anticipations anticlassical anticlericals anticlimactic anticlockwise anticoagulant anticollision anticolonials anticommunism anticommunist anticonsumers anticorporate anticorrosion anticorrosive antidesiccant antidiarrheal antielectrons antiepileptic antiestrogens antievolution antifeminisms antifeminists antifertility antiforeigner antiformalist antifrictions antigenically antiglobulins antigravities antiguerrilla antihistamine antihumanisms antihysterics antiliterates antilittering antilogarithm antimacassars antimalarials antimarijuana antimechanist antimetabolic antimicrobial antimodernist antinarrative antinepotisms antineutrinos antinomianism antinovelists antiobesities antiobscenity antiparasitic antiparticles antipersonnel antipesticide antiphonaries antipleasures antipolitical antipollution antipredators antipruritics antipsychotic antirecession antirejection antireligious antirheumatic antiritualism antiromantics antiroyalists antisatellite antiscorbutic antisexuality antislaveries antismuggling antisocialist antispasmodic antisubmarine antisymmetric antiterrorism antiterrorist antithrombins anxiousnesses aortographies apathetically apatosauruses aperiodically aphrodisiacal apiculturists apocalyptical apocalyptisms apocalyptists apodictically apomictically apostrophised apostrophises apostrophized apostrophizes apotheosizing appealability appellatively apperceptions applicability applicatively appoggiaturas apportionable apportionment appraisements appreciations apprehensible apprehensibly apprehensions appropriately appropriating appropriation appropriative appropriators approximately approximating approximation approximative appurtenances aptitudinally aquaculturist arabicization arbitrariness arbitrational arborescences arboriculture arborizations archaeologies archaeologist archaeopteryx archbishopric archduchesses archegoniates archeological archeologists archidiaconal archimandrite archipelagoes architectonic architectural architectures arduousnesses argentiferous argumentation argumentative aristocracies arithmetician armamentarium aromaticities aromatization arsenopyrites arsphenamines arteriography arteriovenous arthritically arthropathies arthroscopies articulations artificiality artlessnesses ascertainable ascertainment aspergilloses aspergillosis asphyxiations assassinating assassination assassinators assemblagists assemblywoman assemblywomen assertiveness asseverations assiduousness assignability assimilations assistantship associateship associational associatively associativity assortatively assurednesses asthenosphere asthmatically astonishingly astonishments astringencies astrocytomata astronautical astrophysical asynchronisms asyndetically atavistically atheistically atherogeneses atherogenesis atomistically atrociousness attainability attentiveness attitudinally attitudinised attitudinises attitudinized attitudinizes attorneyships attractancies attributional attributively atypicalities audaciousness audiocassette augmentations augmentatives auscultations austerenesses autecological authentically authenticated authenticates authenticator authoritarian authoritative authorization autobiography autocatalyses autocatalysis autocatalytic autocephalies autocephalous autochthonous autoeroticism autoinfection automatically automobilists automorphisms autonomically autopolyploid autoradiogram autorotations autosuggested autoxidations availableness averagenesses aviculturists avocationally avoirdupoises awesomenesses awkwardnesses axiologically axiomatically axisymmetries azathioprines baccalaureate bacchanalians bachelorettes bachelorhoods backcountries backgrounders backgrounding backpedalling backscattered backstabbings backstitching backstretches bacteriologic bacteriolyses bacteriolysis bacteriolytic bacteriophage bacteriophagy bacteriostats bacterization balefulnesses balkanization balletomanias ballhandlings ballistically bamboozlement banderilleros bankabilities bantamweights barbarianisms barbarization barbarousness barefacedness baroreceptors bashfulnesses basidiomycete basidiospores basifications bathymetrical battlegrounds bearabilities beardednesses bearishnesses beastlinesses beatification beauteousness beautifulness bedazzlements befuddlements behavioristic belatednesses beleaguerment believability belittlements bellicosities belligerences belligerently belongingness beneficiaries beneficiating beneficiation benightedness benzaldehydes benzimidazole benzoapyrenes benzophenones bestsellerdom betweenbrains betweennesses betweenwhiles bewilderingly bewilderments bibliographer bibliographic bibliolatries bibliolatrous bibliomaniacs bibliopegists bibliophilies bibliophilism bibliopolists bibliotherapy bicameralisms bicentenaries bicentennials biconcavities biconditional biconvexities biculturalism biddabilities bidirectional bilateralisms bildungsroman bilingualisms biliousnesses billingsgates bimetallistic bimillenaries bimillennials bimolecularly bindingnesses bioactivities biochemically biocompatible bioconversion biodegradable bioelectrical bioenergetics bioengineered biogeographer biogeographic biomechanical biometricians biophysicists bioscientific bioscientists biostatistics biosystematic biotechnology biotelemetric bipartisanism bipropellants birefringence bisectionally bisexualities bitterbrushes bittersweetly bizarrenesses blabbermouths blackguarding blackguardism blacksmithing blamelessness blandishments blanketflower blasphemously blastomycoses blastomycosis blastulations blatherskites blepharoplast blepharospasm blessednesses blockbustings bloodcurdling bloodlessness bloodlettings bluestockings blunderbusses boardinghouse boardsailings boatbuildings boddhisattvas bodybuildings bombastically bonnyclabbers bookbinderies bookishnesses boorishnesses bootstrapping borosilicates bottlebrushes bottlenecking bougainvillea bouillabaisse boulevardiers boundednesses boundlessness bounteousness bountifulness bourguignonne boustrophedon boysenberries brachycephaly brachypterous braillewriter brainchildren brainlessness brainstormers brainstorming brainwashings breadboarding breadwinnings breakthroughs breaststroker breaststrokes breathability breathinesses breechloaders brilliantines brinkmanships brinksmanship brittlenesses brokenhearted bromocriptine bronchoscopes bronchoscopic bronchospasms broncobusters brotherliness brusquenesses brutalization brutishnesses buffalofishes bullfightings bullishnesses bumptiousness bureaucracies bureaucratese bureaucratise bureaucratism bureaucratize burglariously businesswoman businesswomen butterfingers buttonhooking butyraldehyde butyrophenone cabinetmakers cabinetmaking cachinnations cacographical cacophonously caddishnesses calcification calculatingly calculational calefactories calligraphers calligraphies calligraphist callithumpian callousnesses calorimetries calumniations camerapersons campanologies campanologist camphoraceous campylobacter canalizations cancellations candleberries candleholders candlelighted candlelighter candlesnuffer cannibalising cannibalistic cannibalizing cannonballing canonizations canthaxanthin cantilevering cantillations capablenesses capaciousness capacitations capercaillies capercailzies capillarities capitulations caprification caravansaries caravanserais carbohydrases carbohydrates carboniferous carbonization carbonylation carboxylating carboxylation carburization carcinomatous cardinalities cardinalships cardiographic cardiological cardiologists cardiopathies carefulnesses caricaturists carillonneurs carnivorously carpetbaggers carpetbaggery carpetbagging carryforwards carsicknesses cartelization cartilaginous cartographers cartographies castabilities catabolically catalytically catastrophism catastrophist catatonically catechization catecholamine categorically catercornered catheterizing catholicities catholicizing caulifloweret cauterization cavernicolous ceaselessness cellularities centrifugally centripetally cephalization cephalometric cephaloridine cephalosporin cephalothorax cerebrospinal ceremonialism ceremonialist ceremoniously certificating certification certificatory ceruloplasmin chairmanships chalcogenides chalcopyrites challengingly chameleonlike championships chancelleries chancellories changeability changefulness characterized characterizes characterless charlatanisms charlatanries chastisements chateaubriand checkerboards cheerlessness cheeseburgers cheeseparings chemisorption chemoreceptor chemosurgical chemotaxonomy chemotropisms chesterfields chiaroscurist chieftaincies chieftainship childbearings childlessness childlikeness childproofing chimneypieces chirographers chirographies chiropractics chiropractors chlamydospore chlorenchymas chlorinations chlorobenzene chloroforming chlorohydrins chloropicrins chloroplastic chokecherries cholangiogram cholecystites cholecystitis chondriosomes chondrocrania choreographed choreographer choreographic chorographers chorographies chowderheaded chromatically chromaticisms chromatograms chromatograph chromatolyses chromatolysis chromatolytic chromatophore chromocenters chromonematic chromoprotein chromosomally chromospheres chromospheric chronobiology chronographic chronological chronologists chronometries chronotherapy chrysanthemum chuckleheaded churchmanship churchwardens chymotrypsins cicatrization cinematheques cinematically cinematograph cinquecentist circularising circularities circularizing circumambient circumcenters circumcircles circumcisions circumference circumfusions circumscribed circumscribes circumspectly circumstanced circumstances circumstellar circumvallate circumventing circumvention citifications citricultures civilianizing civilisations civilizations cladistically clairaudience clairvoyances clairvoyantly clamorousness clandestinely clandestinity clapperclawed clarification clarinettists classlessness claudications claustrophobe clavichordist cleanlinesses clearheadedly clearinghouse cleistogamies cleistogamous climactically climatologies climatologist cliometrician clotheshorses clotheslining cloudlessness coacervations coadaptations coagulability coalification coalitionists coastguardman coastguardmen coauthorships cobelligerent cocainization cocarboxylase cocarcinogens cochairperson cockfightings coconspirator cocounselling cocultivating cocultivation codependences codicological codifiability codifications codiscoverers codiscovering coeducational coelenterates coextensively cogenerations cohabitations cohomological coilabilities coldheartedly coleopterists colinearities collaborating collaboration collaborative collaborators collaterality collateralize colleagueship collectedness collectivised collectivises collectivisms collectivists collectivized collectivizes collectorship collenchymata collieshangie collisionally collocational colloquialism colloquiality colonialistic colonializing colonisations colonizations colorfastness colorimetries colorizations colorlessness coltishnesses columniations comanagements combativeness combinational combinatorial combinatorics commandeering commandership commemorating commemoration commemorative commemorators commencements commendations commensalisms commensurable commensurably commercialise commercialism commercialist commerciality commercialize commiserating commiseration commiserative commissariats commissioners commissioning commonalities commonwealths communalities communalizing communicatees communicating communication communicative communicators communicatory communitarian communization commutativity compactnesses companionable companionably companionship companionways comparability comparatively comparativist compartmental compartmented compassionate compatibility compellations compendiously compensations competitively complacencies complainingly complaisances complaisantly complementary complementing complexations complexifying complexnesses complicatedly complications complimentary complimenting compositional comprehending comprehension comprehensive compressional compressively compurgations computability computational computerising computerizing computerphobe comradeliness concanavalins concatenating concatenation conceitedness concelebrants concelebrated concelebrates concentrating concentration concentrative concentrators concentricity conceptualise conceptualism conceptualist conceptuality conceptualize concertedness concertgoings concertmaster concessionary concessioners conchologists conciliations concisenesses conclusionary concomitances concomitantly concrescences concretionary concupiscence concupiscible concurrencies condemnations condensations condescending condescension conditionable conditionally conduciveness conductresses condylomatous confabulating confabulation confabulators confabulatory confectionary confectioners confectionery confederacies confederating confederation confederative conferencings confessionals confidingness configuration configurative confirmations confirmedness confiscatable confiscations conflagration conflictingly conformations confoundingly confraternity confrontation conglobations conglomerated conglomerates conglomeratic conglomerator conglutinated conglutinates congratulated congratulates congratulator congregations congressional congresswoman congresswomen congruousness conidiophores conjecturally conjugalities conjugateness conjugational conjunctional conjunctively connaturality connectedness connotational connotatively connubialisms conquistadors consanguinity conscientious consciousness conscriptions consecrations consecutively consentaneous consequential conservancies conservations conservatisms conservatives conservatized conservatizes conservatoire considerables considerately consideration consignations consistencies consociations consolidating consolidation consolidators conspicuities conspicuously conspirations constellating constellation constellatory consternating consternation constipations constituently constitutions constrainedly constrictions constructible constructions consultancies consultations consumeristic consumerships consummations consumptively containerised containerises containerized containerizes containerless containerport containership contaminating contamination contaminative contaminators contemplating contemplation contemplative contemplators contemporized contemporizes contentedness contentiously contestations contextualize continentally contingencies continuations contortionist contrabandist contrabassist contrabassoon contraception contraceptive contractility contractional contractually contradicting contradiction contradictors contradictory contralateral contraoctaves contrapuntist contrarieties contrastively contravention contributions controversial controversies controverters controverting convalescence convalescents conveniencies conventiclers conventioneer convergencies conversancies conversations conversazione conversazioni convertaplane convertiplane conveyancings conveyorising conveyorizing convocational convolvuluses convulsionary cooperatively coordinations coparcenaries copartnership copiousnesses coplanarities copolymerized copolymerizes coprocessings coproductions coprophiliacs coproprietors copyrightable cordialnesses cordwaineries coreligionist coresearchers coresidential corespondents cornification corporalities corporativism corporealness correctitudes correctnesses correlational correlatively correspondent corresponding corresponsive corrigibility corroborating corroboration corroborative corroborators corroboratory corrosiveness corruptionist corruptnesses corticotropin cosignatories cosmeticizing cosmetologies cosmetologist cosmochemical cosmochemists cosmographers cosmographies cosmopolitans cosmopolitism cosponsorship costermongers costivenesses cosurfactants coterminously cotransducing cotransferred cotransported counselorship countenancers countenancing counteracting counteraction counteractive counteragents counterargued counterargues counterattack counterbidden counterblasts counterchange countercharge counterchecks counterclaims counterdemand countereffort counterfeited counterfeiter counterfiring counterforces counterimages countermanded countermelody countermining countermoving counteroffers counterorders counterpicket counterplayer counterpoints counterpoised counterpoises counterposing counterpowers counterraided counterreform countersigned countersniper counterspells counterstains counterstated counterstates counterstream counterstrike counterstroke counterstyles countertenors counterterror counterthreat counterthrust countertrades countertrends countervailed counterweight counterworlds countinghouse courteousness courtlinesses crabbednesses craftsmanlike craftsmanship craftspersons craniometries creaturehoods credentialing credentialism credentialled credibilities creditability credulousness crenellations creolizations crestfallenly criminalities criminalizing criminologies criminologist crisscrossing criticalities crookednesses crossbandings crossbreeding crosscurrents crosscuttings crosshatching crotchetiness crowdednesses cruiserweight crumblinesses crunchinesses cryobiologies cryobiologist cryogenically cryopreserved cryopreserves cryosurgeries cryotherapies cryptanalyses cryptanalysis cryptanalysts cryptanalytic cryptographer cryptographic cryptological cryptologists cryptorchisms cryptozoology crystallinity crystallising crystallizers crystallizing crystalloidal cuckooflowers culpabilities cultishnesses cultivability cunnilinguses cunningnesses curablenesses curarizations curiousnesses currentnesses cursivenesses cursorinesses custodianship customariness customization customshouses cyanoacrylate cyanobacteria cyanoethylate cybernetician cyberneticist cyclicalities cycloaddition cyclodextrins cyclohexanone cycloheximide cycloolefinic cycloparaffin cyclopropanes cyclosporines cylindrically cysticercoids cysticercoses cysticercosis cytochalasins cytochemistry cytogenetical cytologically cytomembranes cytoskeletons cytotaxonomic dactylologies daguerreotype daguerreotypy damageability dandification dangerousness daredevilries darlingnesses dastardliness daunorubicins dauntlessness deactivations deathlessness debilitations decaffeinated decaffeinates decalcomanias decamethonium decapitations decarbonating decarbonation decarbonizers decarbonizing decarboxylase decarboxylate decarburizing decasyllabics decasyllables deceitfulness decelerations decentralized decentralizes deceptiveness decerebrating decerebration dechlorinated dechlorinates decidednesses deciduousness decipherments declaratively declassifying declinational decommissions decompensated decompensates decomposition decompressing decompression deconcentrate deconditioned decongestants decongestions deconsecrated deconsecrates deconstructed deconstructor decontaminate decontrolling decorticating decortication decorticators decrepitating decrepitation decriminalize deductibility deescalations defeasibility defectiveness defenestrated defenestrates defenselessly defensibility defensiveness deferentially defervescence defibrillated defibrillates defibrillator defibrinating defibrination deflagrations deforestation deformalizing deformational degenerations deglaciations deglamorizing degranulation degringolades dehumidifiers dehumidifying dehydrogenase dehydrogenate deinonychuses deionizations delaminations delectability deleteriously deliberations delicatessens deliciousness delightedness delimitations delinquencies deliquescence deliriousness demagnetizers demagnetizing demagogically demagogueries demandingness dematerialize demigoddesses demilitarized demilitarizes demimondaines demineralized demineralizer demineralizes democratizers democratizing demodulations demographical demolishments demolitionist demonizations demonological demonologists demonstrating demonstration demonstrative demonstrators demultiplexer demyelinating demyelination demythologize denationalize denaturalized denaturalizes denaturations dendrological dendrologists deniabilities denominations denominatives denouncements densification densitometers densitometric denticulation denuclearized denuclearizes denunciations deodorization deontological deontologists deoxygenating deoxygenation dependability depersonalize depoliticized depoliticizes depolymerized depolymerizes depopulations deprecatingly deprecatorily depreciations depressurized depressurizes deprogrammers deprogramming deputizations deracinations derealization deregulations derepressions dermabrasions dermatologies dermatologist dermatophytes desacralizing desalinations descriptively desegregating desegregation desensitizers desensitizing desexualizing desiderations desirableness desperateness despoliations despondencies desquamations dessertspoons destabilizing destituteness destructively destructivity desulfurizing desultoriness detachability detectability detectivelike deteriorating deterioration deteriorative determinacies determinantal determinately determination determinative determinators deterministic deterrability dethronements detoxications detribalizing detrimentally detumescences deuteragonist deuteranomaly deuteranopias deuterostomes devastatingly developmental deviationisms deviationists deviousnesses devolutionary devolutionist devotednesses dexamethasone dexterousness diabetologist diagnostician diagonalizing dialectically dialecticians diamagnetisms diametrically diaphaneities diaphragmatic diastereomers diastrophisms diathermanous diazotization dibenzofurans dichotomizing dichotomously dichromatisms dictatorially dictatorships dieffenbachia diencephalons dieselization differentials differentiate differentness diffusenesses diffusionisms diffusionists diffusiveness diffusivities digestibility digitizations digitoxigenin digraphically digressionary dilapidations dilatometries dilettantisms dillydallying dimensionally dimensionless dimerizations diminishments dingleberries dinitrophenol dinucleotides diphenylamine diphthongized diphthongizes dipsomaniacal directionless directivities directorships disaccharides disaccustomed disadvantaged disadvantages disaffections disaffiliated disaffiliates disaffirmance disaggregated disaggregates disagreements disallowances disambiguated disambiguates disappearance disappointing disarticulate disassemblies disassembling disassociated disassociates disburdenment disbursements dischargeable discipleships disciplinable disclamations discographers discographies discoloration discomfitures discomforting discommending discomposures disconcerting disconfirming disconformity disconnecting disconnection discontenting discontinuing discontinuity discontinuous discordancies discourtesies discreditable discreditably discrepancies discretionary discriminable discriminably discriminants discriminated discriminates discriminator disemboweling disembowelled disenchanters disenchanting disencumbered disendowments disengagement disentangling disenthralled disequilibria disfigurement disfranchised disfranchises disfunctional disfurnishing disgracefully disguisements disharmonious disharmonized disharmonizes disheartening disillusioned disincentives disinfectants disinfections disinfestants disinflations disinheriting disinhibiting disinhibition disintegrated disintegrates disintegrator disinterested disinterments disintoxicate disinvestment disjunctively dislodgements dismantlement dismemberment disobediences disobediently disorganizing disorientated disorientates disparagement disparagingly disparateness dispassionate dispensations displacements disposability dispositional dispossessing dispossession dispossessors dispraisingly disproportion disqualifying disquantitied disquantities disquietingly disquisitions disremembered disrespectful disrespecting dissatisfying disseminating dissemination disseminators dissertations disseverances disseverments dissimilarity dissimilating dissimilation dissimilatory dissimilitude dissimulating dissimulation dissimulators dissociations dissoluteness dissymmetries distantnesses distastefully distillations distinctively distinguished distinguishes distractingly distressfully distressingly distributions distrustfully disubstituted ditransitives divarications diversenesses diversionists divertimentos dividednesses doctrinairism documentalist documentarian documentaries documentarily documentarist documentation dodecahedrons dodecaphonies dodecaphonist doggishnesses dogmatization dolefulnesses dollishnesses dolphinfishes doltishnesses domesticating domestication domesticities domiciliating domiciliation domineeringly donnishnesses doppelgangers doubleheaders doublespeaker doubtlessness doughtinesses downheartedly downrightness draftsmanship draftspersons dramatisation dramatization dramaturgical drapabilities dreamlessness drivabilities drunkennesses dryopithecine dualistically dubiousnesses dumbfoundered dumortierites duodecillions duplicitously durablenesses dutifulnesses dynamometries dysfunctional dysmenorrheas dysmenorrheic dyspeptically earnestnesses earthlinesses easygoingness eavesdroppers eavesdropping eccentrically ecclesiastics echolocations econometrists ecophysiology ectoparasites ectoparasitic ecumenicalism ecumenicities editorialists editorialized editorializer editorializes educabilities educationally educationeses educationists effectiveness effectivities effectualness effectuations effervescence efficaciously efflorescence effortfulness eggheadedness egocentricity egomaniacally egotistically egregiousness elaborateness elasmobranchs elderlinesses electioneered electioneerer electricities electrocuting electrocution electrodermal electroformed electrologies electrologist electrolyzing electromagnet electrometers electrophiles electrophilic electrophorus electroplated electroplates electroscopes electroshocks electrostatic electrotypers electrotyping elephantiases elephantiasis eligibilities ellipticities elocutionists elucubrations elusivenesses emancipations emarginations emasculations embarrassable embarrassedly embarrassment embattlements embellishment embezzlements embitterments emblazonments emblematizing embolectomies embolizations embranglement embrittlement embryogeneses embryogenesis embryogenetic embryological embryologists embryonically emotionalisms emotionalists emotionalized emotionalizes emotionlessly emphysematous employability empoisonments empressements emulousnesses enantiomorphs encapsulating encapsulation encephalogram enchantresses encipherments encirclements encompassment encouragement encouragingly encroachments encrustations encumbrancers encyclopaedia encyclopaedic encyclopedias encyclopedism encyclopedist endangerments endlessnesses endocrinology endocytosises endolymphatic endometrioses endometriosis endomorphisms endonucleases endoparasites endoparasitic endopeptidase endoperoxides endopolyploid endoskeletons endosymbionts endosymbioses endosymbiosis endosymbiotic endotheliomas energetically energizations enfeeblements enfranchising enigmatically enjoyableness enlightenment enregistering enshrinements ensorcellment entanglements enterocoelous enterocolitis enterokinases enteropathies enterostomies enteroviruses entertainment enthrallments enthronements entomological entomologists entomophagous entomophilies entomophilous entrancements entrenchments entrepreneurs enumerability enviousnesses environmental enzymatically enzymologists eosinophilias epicureanisms epidemicities epidemiologic epigrammatism epigrammatist epigrammatize epileptically epileptogenic epiphenomenal epiphenomenon epiphytically epistemically epithalamiums epithelialize epitheliomata epizootiology equablenesses equalitarians equalizations equestriennes equidistantly equilibrating equilibration equilibrators equilibratory equilibristic equipollences equipollently equiponderant equipotential equitableness equivalencies equivocalness equivocations erasabilities ergastoplasms ergonomically erodibilities erosivenesses eroticization erroneousness erythroblasts erythromycins escapologists eschatologies essentialisms essentialists essentialized essentializes essentialness establishable establishment estimableness estrangements eternalnesses eternizations ethanolamines etherealities etherealizing etherizations ethicalnesses ethnobotanies ethnobotanist ethnocentrism ethnographers ethnographies ethnohistoric ethnosciences ethylbenzenes etiologically etymologising etymologizing eudaemonistic eugeosyncline euthanatizing evangelically evasivenesses eventualities everlastingly eviscerations evocativeness evolutionisms evolutionists exacerbations exaggeratedly exaggerations examinational exanthematous exasperatedly exasperations exceptionable exceptionably exceptionally excessiveness excitableness excludability exclusionists exclusiveness exclusivities excogitations excommunicate excrescencies excruciations excursionists excursiveness excusableness execrableness executorships exemplariness exemplarities exenterations exercitations exhaustlessly exhibitioners exhibitionism exhibitionist exhilarations existentially exobiological exobiologists exopeptidases exothermicity expandability expansibility expansionisms expansionists expansiveness expansivities expatriations expatriatisms expectational expectorating expectoration expeditionary expeditiously expendability expensiveness experimenters experimenting explanatively explanatorily explantations explicatively exploitations explorational exploratively explosiveness exponentially exportability expostulating expostulation expostulatory expressionism expressionist expropriating expropriation expropriators expurgatorial exquisiteness exsanguinated exsanguinates extemporarily extemporising extemporizers extemporizing extendability extensibility extensionally extensiveness extensometers exteriorising exteriorities exteriorizing exterminating extermination exterminators exterminatory externalising externalities externalizing exteroceptive exteroceptors exterritorial extinguishers extinguishing extortionists extracellular extragalactic extrajudicial extraliterary extraordinary extrapolating extrapolation extrapolative extrapolators extrasystoles extravagances extravagantly extravaganzas extravagating extravasating extravasation extravascular extraversions extremenesses extrinsically extroversions extrudability facetiousness facilitations factionalisms factorization factualnesses facultatively faddishnesses faithlessness fallibilities falsification familiarising familiarities familiarizing fanaticalness fantastically fantasticated fantasticates farcicalities farkleberries fasciculation fascinatingly fascistically fashionmonger fatefulnesses fatheadedness fatuousnesses faultfindings faultlessness faunistically favorableness fearfulnesses feasibilities featherbedded featherbrains featheredging featherheaded featherstitch featherweight feelingnesses felicitations fellmongeries fellmongering fellowshiping fellowshipped feloniousness feminizations fencelessness fenestrations fermentations ferociousness ferricyanides ferrimagnetic ferroconcrete ferrocyanides ferroelectric ferromagnetic ferrosilicons fertilenesses fertilization festivalgoers festivenesses feudalization feuilletonism feuilletonist fianchettoing fiberglassing fiberizations fibrillations fibrinolysins fibrosarcomas fibrovascular fictionalised fictionalises fictionalized fictionalizes fictioneering fictivenesses fidgetinesses fieldstripped filibusterers filibustering filmographies filterability finalizations fingerpicking fingerprinted finicalnesses finickinesses fishabilities fittingnesses flabbergasted flagellantism flagellations flamboyancies flameproofers flameproofing flamethrowers flavoproteins flexibilities flexographies flightinesses flirtatiously flocculations floodlighting floricultural floricultures floristically flourishingly flowchartings flowerinesses fluctuational flugelhornist fluidextracts fluidizations fluorescences fluoridations fluorimetries fluorinations fluorocarbons fluorochromes fluorographic fluorometries fluoroscopies fluoroscoping fluoroscopist fluorouracils fluphenazines flutterboards focalizations folkishnesses followerships foolhardiness foolishnesses foppishnesses foraminiferal foraminiferan foregathering foregrounding foreignnesses foreknowledge foreordaining foreshadowers foreshadowing foreshortened foresightedly forestallment forestaysails forevernesses forgetfulness forgivenesses forgivingness forlornnesses formabilities formaldehydes formalization formidability formulaically formularizers formularizing fortification fortnightlies fortunateness fortuneteller forwardnesses fossiliferous fossilization fountainheads fractionalize fractionating fractionation fractionators fractiousness fragmentarily fragmentating fragmentation fragmentizing frankincenses franticnesses fraternalisms freeheartedly freemasonries freethinkings frequentation frequentative fretfulnesses frighteningly frightfulness frivolousness frontispieces frontogeneses frontogenesis frowardnesses fruitlessness frustratingly fulsomenesses functionalism functionalist functionality functionaries fundamentally fungibilities furazolidones furtivenesses futilitarians futurological futurologists gainfulnesses galactorrheas galactosamine galactosemias galactosidase gallicization gallimaufries gallowglasses galvanization galvanometers galvanometric galvanoscopes gamesmanships gametogeneses gametogenesis garnetiferous garrulousness gaseousnesses gasifications gastrectomies gastrocnemius gastronomical gastronomists gastroscopies gastroscopist gastrulations gawkishnesses gelandesprung gemeinschafts gemutlichkeit generalissimo generalizable genericnesses genitourinary genotypically genteelnesses gentlemanlike gentlepersons genuflections genuinenesses geochemically geochronology geohydrologic geomagnetisms geometrically geometricians geomorphology geophysically geophysicists geopolitician geoscientists geostationary geostrategies geostrategist geotropically geriatricians germanization germinability gerontocratic gerontologies gerontologist gerrymandered gesellschafts gesticulating gesticulation gesticulative gesticulators gesticulatory ghastlinesses ghettoization ghostlinesses gimcrackeries gingerbreaded girlishnesses glaciological glaciologists glamorization glamorousness glaringnesses glassblowings glasspapering gleefulnesses glioblastomas globalization glockenspiels glorification glossographer glossolalists glucuronidase glutethimides glycerinating glycopeptides glycoproteins glycosylating glycosylation gobbledegooks gobbledygooks godlessnesses godlikenesses gonadectomies gonadotrophic gonadotrophin gonadotropins gossipmongers gourmandizing governmentese governorships gracelessness gracilenesses gradationally gradualnesses graminivorous grammatically grandchildren granddaughter grandfathered grandfatherly grandiloquent grandioseness grandiosities grandmotherly grandparental grandstanders grandstanding granodiorites granodioritic grantsmanship granularities granulomatous graphemically graphicnesses graphitizable graphological graphologists gratification gravitational greenbackisms greensickness greenskeepers griseofulvins gristlinesses grossularites grotesqueness grotesqueries grouchinesses groundbreaker groundskeeper growthinesses guanethidines guardednesses guardianships gubernatorial guesstimating guilelessness guiltlessness gullibilities gutlessnesses guttersnipish gymnastically gymnosophists gymnospermies gymnospermous gynaecologies gynandromorph gynecocracies gynecological gynecologists gynecomastias gyrocompasses gyrofrequency habilitations habitableness haggardnesses hagiographers hagiographies hairdressings hairsbreadths hairsplitters hairsplitting halfheartedly hallucinating hallucination hallucinators hallucinatory hallucinogens halogenations handcraftsman handcraftsmen handicrafters handkerchiefs handsbreadths handwringings haphazardness haphazardries haplessnesses happenchances happenstances harbormasters hardstandings harlequinades harmfulnesses harmonization harquebusiers haruspication hasenpfeffers hatefulnesses haughtinesses hawkishnesses hazardousness headquartered headshrinkers healthfulness healthinesses heartbreakers heartbreaking heartburnings heartlessness heartsickness hebraizations hectographing heedfulnesses heinousnesses helicoptering heliographing heliotropisms hellenization hellgrammites hellishnesses helminthiases helminthiasis helminthology helmsmanships helpfulnesses hemacytometer hemagglutinin hematological hematologists hematophagous hematopoieses hematopoiesis hematopoietic hemicellulose hemichordates hemimorphisms hemispherical hemocytometer hemodilutions hemorrhoidals hepatectomies hereditaments hereditarians hermaphrodite hermeneutical herpesviruses herpetologies herpetologist herringboning heterocyclics heterocystous heterogametes heterogametic heterogeneity heterogeneous heterokaryons heteromorphic heterophonies heteropterous heterosexuals heterospories heterosporous heterothallic heterotrophic heterozygoses heterozygosis heterozygotes heuristically hexamethonium hexobarbitals hideousnesses hierarchizing hieroglyphics hilariousness hirsutenesses histaminergic histochemical historicities historicizing hoggishnesses holidaymakers homeomorphism homeothermies homeschoolers homeschooling homestretches hominizations homoeroticism homogeneities homogeneously homoiothermic homologations homologically homomorphisms homopolymeric homoscedastic homosexuality homothallisms honeycreepers honorableness honorifically hopefulnesses horizontality hornswoggling horsefeathers horsemanships horseradishes horsewhippers horsewhipping horticultural horticultures hospitalising hospitalities hospitalizing hotheadedness housebreakers housebreaking housecleaning househusbands housekeepings houselessness housepainters housewarmings housewiferies huckleberries humanitarians humanizations humifications humiliatingly humorlessness hundredweight hurriednesses hurtfulnesses hyaluronidase hybridization hydraulically hydrocephalic hydrocephalus hydrochloride hydrocolloids hydrocrackers hydrocracking hydrodynamics hydroelectric hydrogenating hydrogenation hydrographers hydrographies hydromagnetic hydroperoxide hydroquinones hydrothoraces hydrothoraxes hydrotropisms hydroxylamine hydroxylating hydroxylation hymenopterans hymenopterons hymenopterous hyperactivity hyperacuities hyperarousals hyperbolizing hyperboloidal hypercalcemia hypercalcemic hypercautious hypercritical hyperesthesia hyperesthetic hypereutectic hyperextended hyperfunction hyperglycemia hyperglycemic hyperhidroses hyperhidrosis hyperimmunize hyperinflated hyperkinesias hyperlipemias hypermetrical hypermetropia hypermetropic hypermobility hyperparasite hyperphysical hyperploidies hyperpolarize hyperproducer hyperpyrexias hyperrational hyperreactive hyperreactors hyperrealisms hyperromantic hypersalinity hypersurfaces hypertensions hypertensives hyperthermias hypertonicity hypertrophied hypertrophies hyperurbanism hyperuricemia hypervelocity hypervigilant hypervirulent hypocalcemias hypochlorites hypochondriac hypochondrias hypoeutectoid hypoglycemias hypoglycemics hypopharynges hypopharynxes hypopituitary hyposensitize hypospadiases hypostatizing hypothecating hypothecation hypothecators hypothesizing hypoxanthines hysterotomies ichthyofaunae ichthyofaunal ichthyofaunas ichthyologies ichthyologist iconographers iconographies idealizations identicalness ideogrammatic ideologically idiomatically idiomaticness idiosyncratic ignoblenesses ignominiously illiberalisms illiberalness illiquidities illocutionary illogicalness illuminations illusionistic illustrations illustriously imaginariness imaginatively imagistically imitativeness immanentistic immaterialism immaterialist immateriality immaterialize immediateness immensenesses immigrational immiscibility immoderations immortalising immortalities immortalizers immortalizing immovableness immunizations immunochemist immunogeneses immunogenesis immunogenetic immunological immunologists immunosorbent immunotherapy immutableness impalpability impassability impassibility impassiveness impassivities impeccability impecuniosity impecuniously imperceivable imperceptible imperceptibly impercipience imperfections imperfectives imperfectness imperialistic imperiousness imperishables impermanences impermanently impermissible impermissibly impersonality impersonalize impersonating impersonation impersonators impertinences impertinently imperturbable imperturbably impetuosities impetuousness implacability implantations implicatively impolitically imponderables importunately importunities impossibility impoverishers impoverishing impracticable impracticably impractically impreciseness impregnations impressionism impressionist imprisonments improbability improprieties improvability improvidences improvidently improvisation improvisatore improvisatori improvisators improvisatory impulsiveness impulsivities inactivations inadvertences inadvertently inanimateness inappreciable inappreciably inappropriate inarticulates inattentively inaugurations incalescences incandescence incandescents incantational incapableness incapacitated incapacitates incarcerating incarceration incardination incarnadining incendiarisms incinerations inclinational inclinometers inclusiveness incognizances incombustible incommodities incommunicado incompatibles incompetences incompetently inconceivable inconceivably incongruences incongruently incongruities incongruously inconsecutive inconsequence inconsiderate inconsistence inconsistency inconsonances inconspicuous inconstancies incontestable incontestably incontinences incontinently inconvenience inconveniency inconvertible inconvertibly inconvincible incorporating incorporation incorporative incorporators incorporeally incorrectness incorrigibles incorruptible incorruptibly incorruptions incorruptness incredibility incredulities incredulously incrementally incriminating incrimination incriminatory incrustations incuriosities incuriousness indefatigable indefatigably indehiscences independences independently indescribable indescribably indeterminacy indeterminate indeterminism indeterminist indifferences indifferently indigestibles indiscernible indisciplined indisciplines indiscretions indispensable indispensably indisposition indissociable indissociably indistinctive individualise individualism individualist individuality individualize individuating individuation indoctrinated indoctrinates indoctrinator indomethacins industrialise industrialism industrialist industrialize industriously ineducability ineffableness ineffectively ineffectually inefficacious inefficiently inegalitarian ineligibility inevitability inexactitudes inexactnesses inexhaustible inexhaustibly inexorability inexpediences inexpediently inexpensively inexperienced inexperiences inexplainable inexpressible inexpressibly infallibility infantilities infantilizing infeasibility infectivities inferentially inferiorities infertilities infibulations infiltrations infinitesimal inflammations inflationisms inflationists inflexibility inflorescence influenceable influentially informalities informational informatively informatorily infotainments infraspecific infrequencies infringements infuriatingly infusibleness ingeniousness ingenuousness ingratiations ingrownnesses ingurgitating ingurgitation inhabitancies inhabitations inheritresses inhomogeneity inhomogeneous inhospitality inhumannesses initialnesses injudiciously injuriousness innocuousness inobservances inoffensively inoperculates inopportunely inorganically inosculations inquisitional inquisitively inquisitorial insalubrities insanitations insatiability insatiateness inscriptional inscriptively insectivorous inseminations insensibility insensitively insensitivity insidiousness insignificant insincerities insinuatingly insociability insolubilized insolubilizes insolubleness inspectorates inspectorship inspirational inspiritingly inspissations instabilities installations instantaneity instantaneous instantiating instantiation instantnesses instaurations instillations instinctively instinctually institutional instructional instructively instrumentals instrumenting insubordinate insubstantial insufficiency insufflations insupportable insupportably insurrections insusceptible insusceptibly intangibility integrability integralities integumentary intellections intellectuals intelligencer intelligences intelligently intemperances intemperately intenerations intensenesses intensionally intensiveness intentionally interactional interactively interbehavior interboroughs interbreeding intercalating intercalation intercellular interceptions intercessions interchaining interchangers interchanging intercolonial intercommunal intercompared intercompares interconnects interconverts intercortical intercropping intercrossing intercultural intercultures interdentally interdepended interdictions interdiffused interdiffuses interdigitate interdistrict interdominion interelectron interepidemic interestingly interfamilial interferences interferogram intergalactic interglacials intergrafting intergranular interindustry interinvolved interinvolves interiorising interiorities interiorizing interjections interknitting interlacement interlayering interlinearly interlocutors interlocutory intermarginal intermarriage intermarrying intermeddlers intermeddling intermediated intermediates intermembrane intermetallic intermingling intermissions intermittence intermittency intermixtures intermountain internalising internalities internalizing international interneuronal interobserver interoceptive interoceptors interoperable interpandemic interparticle interpellated interpellates interpellator interpermeate interpersonal interplanting interpleaders interpleading interpolating interpolation interpolative interpolators interposition interpretable interproximal interracially interregional interrelating interrelation interrogatees interrogating interrogation interrogative interrogators interrogatory interruptible interruptions intersections intersegments intersessions intersexually intersocietal interspecific interspersing interspersion interstadials interstimulus interstratify interterminal intertillages intertropical intertwisting interventions interworkings intimidations intoxicatedly intoxications intracellular intracerebral intradermally intragalactic intramuscular intransigeant intransigence intransigents intraocularly intrapersonal intrapreneurs intraspecific intrathecally intrathoracic intravascular intravenouses intravenously intrepidities intricateness intrinsically introductions introgressant introgression introgressive introjections intromissions introspecting introspection introspective introversions intrusiveness intuitionisms intuitionists intuitiveness intumescences intussuscepts invaginations invalidations invariability invectiveness inveiglements inventiveness inventorially invertebrates investigating investigation investigative investigators investigatory inviabilities invidiousness invigilations invigorations invincibility inviolability inviolateness invisibleness invitationals involuntarily iontophoreses iontophoresis iontophoretic ipsilaterally irascibleness irksomenesses ironmongeries irrationalism irrationalist irrationality irreclaimable irreclaimably irrecoverable irrecoverably irrelevancies irreligionist irreligiously irreplaceable irreplaceably irrepressible irrepressibly irresolutions irresponsible irresponsibly irretrievable irretrievably irritableness isoagglutinin isoalloxazine isoantibodies isocarboxazid isochromosome isochronously isoelectronic isolationisms isolationists isomerization isometrically isoprenalines isoproterenol isosmotically isostatically isotonicities italicization jabberwockies jackhammering japonaiseries jealousnesses jitterbugging jitterinesses joblessnesses jointednesses jollification joylessnesses judgmatically judiciousness jurisconsults jurisdictions jurisprudence jurisprudents justification justificative justificatory juvenescences juxtaposition kaffeeklatsch kaleidoscopes kaleidoscopic kapellmeister katzenjammers kindergartens kindergartner kindheartedly kinematically kinesiologies kinnikinnicks kittenishness kleptomaniacs knickerbocker knowingnesses knowledgeable knowledgeably knuckleballer knuckleheaded labanotations labialization laboriousness lackadaisical lactobacillus lactoglobulin laggardnesses lamellibranch landownership languidnesses languishingly languishments laparoscopies laparoscopist laryngectomee laryngologies laryngoscopes lastingnesses laterizations latinizations latitudinally laughableness laughingstock laureateships lawlessnesses learnednesses leatherleaves lecherousness legalizations legislatively legislatorial legitimations legitimatized legitimatizes leishmaniases leishmaniasis leisureliness lengthinesses lepidopterans lepidopterist lepidopterous leprechaunish leptocephalus leptospiroses leptospirosis lethargically letterboxings letterpresses letterspacing lexicographer lexicographic lexicologists liberalnesses liberationist librarianship lichenologies lichenologist lickerishness liebfraumilch lieutenancies lightfastness lightsomeness lignification likablenesses liltingnesses limitednesses limitlessness linearization linebreedings lingonberries linguistician liquefactions lissomenesses listenerships literalnesses lithification lithographers lithographies lithographing lithotripsies lithotripters lithotriptors litigiousness livablenesses liveabilities loathsomeness localizations locksmithings lockstitching logicalnesses logogrammatic lollapaloozas longanimities losablenesses loutishnesses lovablenesses lowerclassman lowerclassmen lucrativeness ludicrousness luminescences lumpishnesses luncheonettes lustfulnesses luteinization luteotrophins luxuriousness lycanthropies lymphadenitis lymphatically lymphoblastic lymphocytoses lymphocytosis lymphographic lymphomatoses lymphomatosis lymphosarcoma lyricalnesses lysolecithins machicolation machinability macroeconomic macroglobulin macromolecule macronutrient mademoiselles magisterially magistratical magistratures magnanimities magnanimously magnetization magnetographs magnetometers magnetometric magnetopauses magnetosphere magnetostatic magnification magnificences magnificently magniloquence mailabilities mainstreaming majoritarians malabsorption malacological malacologists malacostracan maladaptation maladjustment maladminister maladroitness malariologies malariologist malformations malfunctioned maliciousness malnutritions malocclusions maltreatments malversations mammographies manageability manifestation manipulatable manipulations mannishnesses manslaughters mantelshelves manufactories manufacturers manufacturing marchionesses marginalities marginalizing mariculturist marketability marksmanships marlinespikes martyrization martyrologies martyrologist marvelousness masculinising masculinities masculinizing massivenesses masterfulness masterminding mastersingers masterstrokes masticatories mastigophoran mastoidectomy mastoiditides mastoiditises masturbations materfamilias materialising materialistic materialities materializers materializing mathematician mathematizing matriarchates matriculating matriculation matrilineally matrimonially mawkishnesses maxillofacial maximizations meaninglessly measurability mecamylamines mechanization medicamentous mediterranean meetinghouses megakaryocyte megaloblastic megalomaniacs megalopolises megalopolitan megasporangia melancholiacs melanizations melanogeneses melanogenesis mellifluently mellifluously melodiousness melodramatics melodramatise melodramatist melodramatize meltabilities memorableness memorialising memorializing memorizations meningococcal meningococcic meningococcus menstruations mensurability mercantilisms mercantilists mercenariness mercerization merchandisers merchandising merchandizing mercilessness mercurialness meritocracies meritoriously merrythoughts mesencephalic mesencephalon mesotheliomas metabolically metabolizable metacercariae metacercarial metachromatic metafictional metalanguages metalliferous metallization metallography metallophones metallurgical metallurgists metalworkings metamerically metamorphisms metamorphosed metamorphoses metamorphosis metaphosphate metaphysician metasomatisms metastability metastasizing metencephalic metencephalon meteoriticist meteorologies meteorologist methacrylates methaqualones methemoglobin methodologies methodologist methotrexates methoxychlors methylmercury methysergides metronidazole metropolitans metrorrhagias microanalyses microanalysis microanalysts microanalytic microbalances microbiologic microbrewings microcapsules microcassette microcephalic microcircuits microclimates microclimatic microcomputer microcosmoses microcrystals microcultural microcultures microeconomic microelements microfilament microfilariae microfilarial microfilmable microfunguses micrographics micrographing microhabitats microinjected micromanagers micromanaging micronutrient microorganism microparticle microphyllous microphysical micropipettes microplankton microporosity microprograms micropuncture microscopical microscopists microsurgical microswitches microtechnics microtonality microvascular microwaveable middleweights millennialism millennialist millilamberts millionairess milliroentgen mimeographing mindfulnesses mineralizable mineralogical mineralogists minesweepings miniaturistic miniaturizing minicomputers minimizations ministerially ministrations misaddressing misadventures misalignments misallocating misallocation misanthropies misappraisals misapprehends misarticulate misassembling misassumption misattributed misattributes miscalculated miscalculates miscaptioning miscataloging miscegenation miscellaneous miscellanists mischanneling mischannelled mischievously miscibilities misclassified misclassifies misconceivers misconceiving misconception misconducting misconnecting misconnection misconstruing misdemeanants misdescribing misdeveloping misdiagnosing misdirections miseducations misemphasized misemphasizes misemployment miserableness miserlinesses misestimating misestimation misevaluating misevaluation misfunctioned misgovernment misguidedness misidentified misidentifies misimpression misinterprets misknowledges mismanagement misperceiving misperception misplacements mispositioned misprograming misprogrammed mispronounced mispronounces misquotations misreferences misregistered misremembered misrepresents misstatements mistranscribe mistranslated mistranslates mistreatments mistrustfully misunderstand misunderstood mitochondrial mitochondrion mobilizations moderatorship modernisation modernization modifiability modifications mollification molluscicidal molluscicides mollycoddlers mollycoddling momentariness momentousness monarchically monetizations moneygrubbing monoaminergic monochromatic monochromator monochromists monocotyledon monofilaments monogenically monoglyceride monogrammatic monometallism monometallist monomolecular monomorphemic monomorphisms mononucleated mononucleoses mononucleosis monophthongal monopsonistic monorchidisms monosyllables monotonically monstrosities monstrousness monumentality monumentalize moralizations moribundities morphemically morphogeneses morphogenesis morphogenetic morphological morphologists morphometries mortification motorboatings motorcyclists motorizations mountainously mountainsides mountebankery mountebanking mousetrapping mouthbreeders mouthwatering movablenesses mucocutaneous multibarreled multibillions multibranched multibuilding multicellular multichannels multicultural multicurrency multiemployer multifilament multifunction multihospital multimegatons multimegawatt multimetallic multimillions multinational multinucleate multiorgasmic multiparticle multiplicands multipolarity multiregional multispectral multistranded multisyllabic multitalented multitaskings multiterminal multitracking multitrillion multitudinous multivalences multivariable multivitamins mummification mundanenesses municipalized municipalizes murderousness muscularities musicianships musicological musicologists mutagenically mutualization mycetophagous mycobacterial mycobacterium mycologically myelencephala myelofibroses myelofibrosis myelofibrotic myocarditises myoelectrical myrmecologies myrmecologist myrmecophiles mystification mythographers mythographies mythologizers mythologizing mythopoetical myxomatosises nannoplankton naphthylamine narratologies narratologist narrowcasting nasalizations nasopharynges nasopharynxes nationalising nationalistic nationalities nationalizers nationalizing naturalnesses naturopathies naughtinesses nazifications nearsightedly nebulizations necessitarian necessitating necessitation necessitously neckerchieves necrophiliacs necrophilisms needfulnesses needleworkers negligibility negotiability neighborhoods nematological nematologists neoclassicism neoclassicist neoliberalism neonatologies neonatologist neoplasticism neoplasticist nephelometers nephelometric nephrectomies nephrectomize nephrologists nephropathies nervelessness nervousnesses neuraminidase neurasthenias neurasthenics neuroanatomic neuroblastoma neurochemical neurochemists neurofibromas neurohormonal neurohormones neuromuscular neuropeptides neurosciences neurosurgeons neurosurgical neurotoxicity neutralnesses newsmagazines nickeliferous nicotinamides nidifications niggardliness nightclubbers nightclubbing nightmarishly nincompoopery nitrification nitrobenzenes nitroglycerin nitromethanes nitroparaffin noctambulists noisomenesses nomenclatural nomenclatures nonabsorbable nonabsorbents nonabsorptive nonacceptance nonaccredited nonadditivity nonadmissions nonaffiliated nonagenarians nonaggression nonaggressive nonalcoholics nonalignments nonallergenic nonalphabetic nonantibiotic nonappearance nonarchitects nonassociated nonattachment nonattendance nonautomotive nonautonomous nonbehavioral nonbiological nonbiologists nonbroadcasts noncancelable noncandidates noncapitalist noncarcinogen noncellulosic noncharacters nonchauvinist nonchurchgoer nonclassified nonclassrooms noncollectors noncollegiate noncombatants noncommercial noncommitment noncommunists noncomparable noncompatible noncompetitor noncompliance noncomplyings nonconceptual nonconclusion nonconcurrent nonconcurring nonconducting nonconduction nonconductive nonconductors nonconference nonconfidence nonconformers nonconforming nonconformism nonconformist nonconformity nonconjugated nonconnection nonconsensual noncontagious noncontiguous noncontingent noncontinuous noncontrolled noncooperator noncorrodible noncorrodings noncreativity noncultivated noncumulative nondecreasing nondeductible nondeferrable nondegenerate nondegradable nondeliberate nondelinquent nondeliveries nondemocratic nondependents nondepletable nondeposition nonderivative nondetachable nondialyzable nondiapausing nondiffusible nondiplomatic nondisclosure nondiscursive nondispersive nondisruptive noneconomists noneducations noneffectives nonelectrical nonelectronic nonelementary nonemployment nonengagement nonequilibria nonequivalent nonessentials nonesterified nonevaluative nonexecutives nonexistences nonexpendable nonexploitive nonexplosives nonfigurative nonfilterable nonforfeiture nonfunctional nongonococcal nongovernment nongregarious nonhappenings nonhereditary nonhistorical nonhomologous nonhomosexual nonhysterical nonidentities nonimmigrants noninclusions nonincreasing nonincumbents nonindigenous nonindividual nonindustrial noninfectious noninfluences noninsurances nonintegrated nonintoxicant nonirradiated nonirritating nonjudgmental nonlandowners nonleguminous nonlibrarians nonlinguistic nonmainstream nonmanagement nonmanagerial nonmeaningful nonmeasurable nonmechanical nonmembership nonmonetarist nonmonogamous nonmotilities nonmyelinated nonnarratives nonnegotiable nonnumericals nonnutritious nonobservance nonoccurrence nonparametric nonpathogenic nonperformers nonperforming nonperishable nonpermissive nonpersistent nonpetroleums nonphosphates nonphysicians nonpolitician nonpossession nonpracticing nonproductive nonprogrammer nonrandomness nonreciprocal nonrecyclable nonrefillable nonreflecting nonrefundable nonregulation nonresidences nonresistance nonresistants nonrespondent nonresponders nonresponsive nonrestricted nonretractile nonreturnable nonreversible nonscientific nonscientists nonsegregated nonsensically nonsequential nonshrinkable nonsocialists nonspecialist nonstationary nonstructural nonstructured nonsubjective nonsubsidized nonsystematic nontheatrical nontreatments nonuniformity nonuniqueness nonuniversals nonuniversity nonvalidities nonvegetarian nonvocational noradrenaline noradrenalins noradrenergic norethindrone normalization normativeness normotensives normothermias northeasterly northeastward northwesterly northwestward nortriptyline nosologically nostalgically notablenesses notarizations nothingnesses notifications notionalities novelizations noxiousnesses nucleocapsids nucleoplasmic nucleoprotein nucleotidases nullification numerological numerologists nutritionally nutritionists nympholepsies nymphomaniacs objectionable objectionably objectiveness objectivistic objectivities obliquenesses obliterations obliviousness obnoxiousness obnubilations obscurantisms obscurantists obscurenesses observability observational observatories obsessionally obsessiveness obsolescences obsolescently obstetrically obstetricians obstinateness obstructively obtainability obtrusiveness obviousnesses occidentalize oceanographer oceanographic oceanologists ochlocratical octodecillion octogenarians octosyllabics octosyllables odontoblastic odontoglossum odoriferously odorousnesses offensiveness offhandedness officeholders officiousness oleandomycins oleomargarine olfactometers oligopolistic ombudsmanship ominousnesses omnicompetent omnipresences oneiromancies onerousnesses ongoingnesses onomastically onomasticians onomatologies onomatologist onomatopoeias onomatopoetic ontologically onychophorans openabilities openheartedly openmouthedly operabilities operationally operationisms operationists operativeness operosenesses ophthalmology opinionatedly opisthobranch opportuneness opportunistic opportunities oppositionist opprobriously optimisations optimizations optionalities oracularities orchestraters orchestrating orchestration orchestrators orderlinesses organisations organizations organogeneses organogenesis organogenetic orgiastically orientalizing orientational orienteerings originalities originatively orismological ornamentation ornithischian ornithologies ornithologist oropharyngeal orthodontists orthoepically orthogonality orthogonalize orthographies orthopterists orthopteroids oscillational oscillographs oscillography oscilloscopes oscilloscopic ossifications osteomalacias osteomyelitis osteoplasties osteosarcomas ototoxicities outbargaining outdelivering outdistancing outgeneraling outglittering outintriguing outmaneuvered outmanipulate outorganizing outperforming outplacements outpoliticked outpopulating outrebounding outreproduced outreproduces outspokenness outstandingly outstretching outwardnesses ovariectomies overabstracts overabundance overachievers overachieving overadvertise overambitious overamplified overanalyzing overanxieties overarranging overasserting overassertion overassertive overattention overbalancing overbearingly overbejeweled overbleaching overborrowing overbreathing overburdening overcautioned overcivilized overcommitted overconcerned overconfident overconscious overconstruct overconsuming overcorrected overcredulous overdecorated overdecorates overdemanding overdependent overdesigning overdeveloped overdirecting overdiscounts overdiversity overdocuments overdominance overdramatize overeagerness overeducating overeducation overelaborate overembellish overemotional overemphasize overencourage overenergetic overengineers overestimated overestimates overexercised overexercises overexertions overexpanding overexpansion overexplained overexploited overexposures overextending overextension overexuberant overfertilize overfocussing overfulfilled overglamorize overgoverning overharvested overidealized overidealizes overimpressed overimpresses overindulgent overindulging overinflating overinflation overinforming overingenious overingenuity overinsistent overintensity overissuances overlengthens overlordships overmastering overmedicated overmedicates overmodulated overnourished overnourishes overnutrition overoperating overoptimisms overoptimists overorganized overorganizes overornaments overpackaging overpedalling overpersuaded overpersuades overpopulated overpopulates overprescribe overpressures overprocessed overprocesses overproducing overprogramed overpromising overpromoting overprotected overqualified overreactions overregulated overregulates overreliances overreporting overresponded oversaturated oversaturates oversecretion oversensitive overseriously overservicing overshadowing overslaughing overspeculate overspreading overstability overstatement overstimulate overstraining overstressing overstretched overstretches oversubscribe oversupplying oversweetened oversweetness overtalkative overtaxations overtightened overtreatment overutilizing overvaluation overweeningly overweighting overwintering overwithholds overzealously ovipositional ovoviviparous oxaloacetates oxyhemoglobin oystercatcher pacifications packabilities packinghouses paediatrician paedomorphism painfulnesses painstakingly painterliness palatableness paleobiologic paleobotanies paleobotanist paleoecologic paleographers paleographies paleomagnetic paleontologic palindromists palletization palpabilities palynological palynologists pamphleteered pancreozymins pancytopenias panegyrically panleukopenia panoramically pantechnicons pantheistical pantisocratic pantothenates paperhangings papillomatous papovaviruses papyrologists parabolically paradoxically paraesthesias parainfluenza paralanguages parallelogram paralytically paralyzations paramagnetism parameterized parameterizes parametrizing paramountcies paramyxovirus paranormality paraphernalia paraphrasable parasexuality parasitically parasiticidal parasiticides parasitologic parasyntheses parasynthesis parasynthetic parathormones parenthesized parenthesizes parenthetical parfocalities parfocalizing parkinsonisms parliamentary parochialisms parthenocarpy partibilities participating participation participative participators participatory participially particleboard particularise particularism particularist particularity particularize partisanships partitionists pasqueflowers passementerie passionflower passivenesses patentability paterfamilias paternalistic pathogenicity pathognomonic patriarchates patriotically patronization patronizingly paunchinesses peaceableness peacekeepings pearlescences peculiarities pedagogically pedestrianism pediatricians pediculosises peevishnesses pelletization penalizations pendulousness penetrability penetratingly penetrometers penicillamine penicillinase penitentially pennywhistles pensivenesses pentapeptides pentaploidies pentobarbital penultimately penuriousness peppergrasses pepperinesses peptidoglycan peradventures perambulating perambulation perambulators perambulatory percussionist perdurability peregrinating peregrination perfectionism perfectionist perfectnesses performatives perfunctorily perfusionists perichondrium periodicities periodization periodontally periodontists periostitides periostitises perishability perissodactyl peritonitides peritonitises permanentness permanganates permutational perpendicular perpetrations perpetuations perphenazines perseverances perseverating perseveration perseveringly persistencies personalising personalistic personalities personalizing perspectively perspicacious perspicuities perspicuously perspirations pertinacities perturbations pervasiveness pervertedness pestiferously petrifactions petrification petrochemical petrographers petrographies pettifoggings pettishnesses phagocytizing phagocytosing phalansteries phallocentric phanerophytes pharisaically pharmacognosy pharmacologic pharmacopeial pharmacopeias pharmacopoeia pharyngitides phenanthrenes phencyclidine phenmetrazine phenobarbital phenomenalism phenomenalist phenomenology phenothiazine phentolamines phenylalanine phenylephrine philanthropic philharmonics philhellenism philhellenist philistinisms phillumenists philodendrons philosophical philosophised philosophises philosophized philosophizer philosophizes phlebographic phlebotomists phonographers phonographies phosphatidyls phosphatizing phosphaturias phosphokinase phospholipase phospholipids phosphoresced phosphoresces phosphorylase phosphorylate photobiologic photocathodes photochemical photochemists photochromism photocomposed photocomposer photocomposes photocurrents photodetector photoelectric photoelectron photoemission photoemissive photoengraved photoengraver photoengraves photofinisher photogeologic photographers photographies photographing photogravures photoionizing photomontages photonegative photooxidized photooxidizes photoperiodic photopolymers photopositive photoproducts photoreaction photoreceptor photoreducing photostatting photosynthate phototoxicity phototropisms photovoltaics phragmoplasts phrasemakings phrasemongers phraseologies phraseologist phreatophytes phreatophytic phrenological phrenologists phycoerythrin phycomycetous physicalistic physicalities physiognomies physiographer physiographic physiological physiologists physiotherapy physostigmine phytochemical phytochemists phytohormones phytopathogen phytoplankter phytoplankton phytotoxicity pianistically pickerelweeds pictographies pictorialisms pictorialists pictorialized pictorializes pictorialness picturephones picturesquely picturization pidginization pietistically piezoelectric piggishnesses pigheadedness pigmentations pinheadedness pinkishnesses piquantnesses piscicultures piteousnesses pitifulnesses placabilities placentations plaintiveness planetesimals planetologies planetologist planographies plantocracies plasmodesmata plasterboards plastocyanins plastoquinone platitudinize platitudinous platyhelminth plausibleness playabilities playfulnesses playwrighting plenitudinous plenteousness plentifulness pleomorphisms plerocercoids plethysmogram pliablenesses pluralization pneumatically pneumatolytic pneumatophore pneumonectomy pneumonitides pneumonitises pococurantism podsolization podzolization pogonophorans poikilotherms pointednesses pointillistic pointlessness polarimetries polarizations polarographic policyholders poliomyelitis politicalized politicalizes poltrooneries polybutadiene polycarbonate polycentrisms polychotomies polychotomous polychromatic polycistronic polycythemias polydactylies polyembryonic polyethylenes polyglottisms polygraphists polymorphisms polyphonously polypropylene polyribosomal polyribosomes polysyllables polysyndetons polyurethanes pompousnesses ponderousness pontificating pontification pontificators porcelainized porcelainizes porcelainlike porcellaneous pornographers pornographies porphyropsins portabilities possessedness possibilities postbourgeois postclassical postcranially postdebutante postdiluvians postdoctorate postembryonal postembryonic postemergence postemergency postepileptic postfractures postgraduates postholocaust postinaugural postinfection postinjection postisolation postlapsarian postmodernism postmodernist postoperative postponements postpositions postpubescent postrecession postsecondary posttensioned posttraumatic posttreatment postulational postvasectomy potablenesses potentiations potentiometer powerlessness practicalness practitioners pragmatically pragmaticisms pragmaticists pralltrillers praseodymiums praxeological prayerfulness preachinesses preadaptation preadmissions preadolescent preamplifiers preanesthetic preannouncing prebiological precalculuses precancelling precapitalist precautionary precautioning precentorship preceptorials preceptorship precertifying precipitances precipitantly precipitately precipitating precipitation precipitative precipitators precipitously precisenesses precisionists preclearances precognitions precollegiate precombustion precommitment preconceiving preconception preconcerting preconditions preconvention preconviction precopulatory predeliveries predepartures predesignated predesignates predestinated predestinates predestinator predetermined predeterminer predetermines prediabeteses predicatively predigestions predilections predischarged predischarges prednisolones predominances predominantly predominately predominating predomination preeclampsias preemployment preenrollment preexistences preexperiment prefabricated prefabricates preferability prefiguration prefigurative prefigurement preformations preformatting preformulated preformulates preganglionic pregnenolones prehistorians prehistorical preinductions preindustrial preinterviews prejudicially preliminaries preliminarily premarketings prematureness prematurities premeditating premeditation premeditative premeditators premenopausal premillennial premoistening premonitorily prenominating prenomination preoccupation preordainment preordination preparatively preparatorily preponderance preponderancy preponderated preponderates preportioning prepositional prepositively prepossessing prepossession preprocessing preprocessors preproduction preprograming preprogrammed prepubescence prepubescents prepurchasing prequalifying preregistered prerequisites preretirement prerevolution presanctified presbyterates presbyterials prescheduling prescientific prescriptions preselections presentations presentencing presentiments presentnesses preservations preservatives presettlement presidentship presignifying prespecifying presterilized presterilizes prestigiously prestructured prestructures presumptively presweetening pretelevision pretensioning pretentiously pretermission pretermitting preternatural pretournament pretreatments preuniversity prevaricating prevarication prevaricators preventatives prevocational pricklinesses primatologies primatologist primitiveness primitivistic primitivities primogenitors primogeniture principalship prismatically privatdocents privatdozents privatenesses privatization prizefighters prizefighting probabilistic probabilities probationally problematical proboscideans proboscidians procarbazines procathedrals processionals processioning proclamations proconsulates proconsulship procrastinate proctological proctologists procuratorial prodigalities profanenesses professionals professorates professoriate professoriats professorship proficiencies profitability profusenesses progesterones progestogenic prognosticate programmables progressional progressively progressivism progressivist progressivity prohibitively projectionist prolegomenous proleptically proliferating proliferation proliferative prolificacies prolificities prolongations promiscuities promiscuously promotability promotiveness promulgations pronounceable pronouncement pronunciation propaedeutics propagandists propagandized propagandizer propagandizes prophetically prophylactics propinquities propitiations proportionals proportionate proportioning propositional propositioned propoxyphenes proprietaries proprietorial proprioceptor proscriptions prosecutorial proselytising proselytizers proselytizing prosencephala prosopography prosopopoeias prospectively prostacyclins prostaglandin prostatectomy prostatitides prostatitises prostitutions protactiniums protectionism protectionist protectorates protectorship protectresses proteinaceous proteoglycans protestations protogalaxies protohistoric protolanguage protonotaries prototrophies protuberances protuberantly proventriculi provincialism provincialist provinciality provincialize provisionally provocatively proximateness prudishnesses prussianising prussianizing psephological psephologists pseudepigraph pseudoalleles pseudoclassic pseudomonades pseudomorphic pseudoscience psittacosises psychasthenia psychasthenic psychiatrists psychoanalyst psychoanalyze psychobabbler psychobabbles psychobiology psychodynamic psychogeneses psychogenesis psychogenetic psychohistory psychokineses psychokinesis psychokinetic psychological psychologised psychologises psychologisms psychologists psychologized psychologizes psychometrics psychometries psychopathics psychopathies psychophysics psychosomatic psychosurgeon psychosurgery psychotherapy psychotically psychotropics psychrometers psychrometric psychrophilic pteridologies pteridologist pteridophytes pteridosperms puckishnesses pulverization pumpernickels punctiliously punctualities punishability purifications puritanically purposelessly purposiveness pushfulnesses pusillanimity pusillanimous putrefactions pyrheliometer pyridoxamines pyrimethamine pyrocatechols pyrolytically pyromorphites pyrophosphate pyrophyllites pyrotechnical pyrotechnists quadraphonics quadratically quadrennially quadrilateral quadrillionth quadripartite quadriphonics quadriplegias quadriplegics quadrivalents quadrumvirate quadruplicate quadruplicity qualification qualitatively quantitations quantizations quarrelsomely quarterbacked quarterfinals quartermaster quarterstaves quasiparticle quasiperiodic quattrocentos queenlinesses querulousness questionaries questionnaire quincentenary quindecillion quinquennials quinquenniums quintessences quintillionth quintuplicate quotabilities rabbitbrushes racemizations radiationless radicalnesses radioactively radioactivity radiobiologic radiochemical radiochemists radioelements radiographies radiographing radioisotopes radioisotopic radiolabeling radiolabelled radionuclides radiothoriums raffishnesses ramifications randomization rapaciousness rapprochement rapturousness rarefactional ratifications ratiocinating ratiocination ratiocinative ratiocinators rationalising rationalistic rationalities rationalizers rationalizing rattlebrained raucousnesses raunchinesses raylessnesses razzamatazzes reaccelerated reaccelerates reacclimatize reaccrediting reacquainting reacquisition reactionaries reactivations readabilities readjustments reaffirmation reafforesting reaggregating reaggregation realistically reallocations reannexations reappearances reapplication reappointment reapportioned reappropriate rearrangement rearticulated rearticulates reasonability reassemblages reassessments reassignments reassumptions reattachments reattributing reattribution reauthorizing rebarbatively recalcitrance recalcitrancy recalcitrants recalculating recalculation recalibrating recalibration recallability recapitalized recapitalizes recapitulated recapitulates receiverships recentrifuged recentrifuges receptionists receptiveness receptivities recessiveness rechallenging rechannelling rechoreograph rechristening reciprocating reciprocation reciprocative reciprocators reciprocities recirculating recirculation reclassifying reclusiveness recognizances recollections recombination recommendable recommissions recommitments recompilation recomposition recomputation reconcentrate reconceptions reconcilement reconditeness reconditioned reconfiguring reconnections reconnoitered reconnoitring reconsecrated reconsecrates reconsidering reconsolidate reconstituted reconstitutes reconstructed reconstructor recontaminate reconversions reconveyances reconvictions recreationist recriminating recrimination recriminative recriminatory recrudescence recrystallize rectangularly rectification rectilinearly rectitudinous recultivating recuperations recursiveness reddishnesses redecorations rededications redefinitions redemptioners redeployments redescription redetermining redevelopment redintegrated redintegrates rediscounting rediscoveries rediscovering redisposition redistributed redistributes redistricting reductionisms reductionists reductiveness reduplicating reduplication reduplicative reeligibility reembroidered reemphasizing reemployments reencountered reengagements reengineering reenlistments reescalations reestablished reestablishes reevaluations reexamination reexperienced reexperiences reexportation referentially reflectometer reflectometry reflectorized reflectorizes reflexiveness reflexivities reflexologies reforestation reformability reformational reformatories reformulating reformulation refoundations refractometer refractometry refrigerating refrigeration refrigerators refundability refurbishment regardfulness regenerations regimentation regionalistic regionalizing registrations regretfulness regurgitating regurgitation rehabilitants rehabilitated rehabilitates rehabilitator rehospitalize rehypnotizing reidentifying reimbursement reimportation reimpositions reimpressions reincarnating reincarnation reincorporate reindictments reinfestation reinforceable reinforcement reinnervating reinnervation reinoculating reinoculation reinspections reinstatement reinstituting reintegrating reintegration reintegrative reinterpreted reinterviewed reintroducing reinvestigate reinvestments reinvigorated reinvigorates reinvigorator reiteratively rejuvenations rejuvenescent rekeyboarding relandscaping relatednesses relationships relaxednesses reliabilities religiosities religiousness relinquishing relubricating relubrication remanufacture rematerialize remeasurement remediability remembrancers remilitarized remilitarizes reminiscences reminiscently remonstrances remonstrantly remonstrating remonstration remonstrative remonstrators remorselessly remotivations removableness remunerations remythologize renationalize renaturations rencountering rendezvousing renegotiating renegotiation renominations renormalizing renouncements rentabilities renunciations reoccupations reoccurrences reorchestrate reorientating reorientation repairability repatriations repeatability repercussions repetitiously rephotographs replantations replenishable replenishment repletenesses replicability repopularized repopularizes repopulations reportorially reposefulness repositioning repossessions reprehensible reprehensibly reprehensions representable repressionist repressurized repressurizes repristinated repristinates reprivatizing reproachfully reproachingly reproducibles reproductions reproductives reprogramming reprographers reprographics reprographies reprovisioned republicanism republicanize republication repulsiveness repunctuation requisiteness requisitioned reregistering reregulations resectability resegregating resegregation resensitizing resentfulness resettlements residentially resistibility resistiveness resistivities resocializing resolidifying resourcefully respirometers respirometric resplendences resplendently ressentiments restabilizing restauranteur restaurateurs restfulnesses restimulating restimulation restivenesses restrengthens restrictively restructuring resubmissions resurrections resuscitating resuscitation resuscitative resuscitators resynthesized resynthesizes resystematize retentiveness retentivities reticulations reticulocytes retinopathies retinoscopies retirednesses retransferred retransformed retranslating retranslation retransmitted retrenchments retributively retroactively retroactivity retrocessions retrodictions retroflection retroflexions retrogressing retrogression retrogressive retrospecting retrospection retrospective retroversions reunification reupholstered reusabilities reutilization revaccinating revaccination revalidations revegetations reverberantly reverberating reverberation reverberative reverberatory reverentially reversibility revictualling reviviscences revolutionary revolutionise revolutionist revolutionize rhabdomancers rhabdomancies rhabdoviruses rhadamanthine rhapsodically rheologically rheumatically rhinencephala rhinoplasties rhodochrosite rhododendrons rhodomontades rhombohedrons rhythmicities rhythmization ribonucleases righteousness riotousnesses risorgimentos ritualization roadabilities robotizations rockhoundings roentgenogram roentgenology roguishnesses romanizations romanticising romanticizing roundednesses routinization rubberneckers rubbernecking rubicundities rudimentarily ruggedization ruinousnesses rumbustiously rutherfordium ruthfulnesses ruttishnesses saccharifying saccharimeter saccharometer saccharomyces sacerdotalism sacerdotalist sacramentally sacrificially sacrosanctity sadomasochism sadomasochist safecrackings sagaciousness sailboardings saintlinesses salaciousness salesmanships salinizations salmonberries salmonelloses salmonellosis salpingitides salpingitises salutatorians salvationisms sanctimonious sandpaintings sanitizations sansculottish sansculottism saplessnesses saprogenicity sarcastically sarcophaguses sarsaparillas satisfactions saturnalianly scalariformly scandalmonger scapegoatings scapegoatisms scarification scatterations scatterbrains sceneshifters scenographers scenographies schadenfreude schematically schismatizing schistosities schizophrenes schizophrenia schizophrenic scholasticate scholasticism schoolfellows schoolmarmish schoolmasters schoolteacher schussboomers scintigraphic scintillantly scintillating scintillation scintillators sclerenchymas sclerodermata scleroprotein scrappinesses scratchboards scrawninesses screenwriters scrimshanders scriptwriters scruffinesses scrumptiously sculpturesque seasicknesses seasonalities seaworthiness secessionisms secessionists seclusiveness secobarbitals secondariness secretagogues secretaryship secretiveness sectarianisms sectarianized sectarianizes sectionalisms sedimentation sedimentology seditiousness seductiveness segmentations seismographer seismographic seismological seismologists seismometries selectionists selectiveness selectivities selenocentric selenological selenologists selfishnesses semasiologies semiaridities semiautomatic semicivilized semiclassical semiconductor semiconscious semidiameters semiempirical semievergreen semifinalists semilegendary semiliterates semimonthlies semiparasites semiparasitic semipermanent semipermeable semipolitical semiporcelain semireligious semisedentary semisynthetic semitonically sempiternally sensationally senselessness sensibilities sensitisation sensitiveness sensitivities sensitization sensitometers sensitometric sensorineural sententiously sentimentally separableness separationist septentrional sequestrating sequestration serendipities serendipitous serialization sericulturist seriousnesses serodiagnoses serodiagnosis serologically serpiginously serriednesses servilenesses sesquiterpene sexagenarians sexdecillions sexlessnesses sexploitation sextuplicated sextuplicates sexualization shadowinesses shallownesses shamelessness shapelessness shapelinesses sharecroppers sharecropping sharpshooters sharpshooting sheepherdings sheepshearers sheepshearing shellcrackers shepherdesses shiftlessness shipbuildings shortchangers shortchanging shuffleboards shuttlecocked sickishnesses sidesplitting sightlessness sightlinesses sigmoidoscopy signalization significances significantly signification significative silhouettists silverberries silverinesses silvicultural silvicultures sincerenesses singularities singularizing sinlessnesses sinterability sinuousnesses siphonophores siphonosteles situationally sizablenesses skateboarders skateboarding skeletonising skeletonizers skeletonizing sketchinesses skulduggeries slaveholdings slavishnesses sledgehammers sleeplessness slendernesses slipstreaming slouchinesses slumpflations smallholdings snollygosters snowboardings snowmobilings snowmobilists sociabilities socialization sociocultural socioeconomic sociolinguist softheartedly solarizations solderability solemnization solicitations solicitorship solifluctions soliloquising soliloquizers soliloquizing solvabilities somatological somatopleures somatosensory somatostatins somatotrophin somatotropins somersaulting somnambulated somnambulates somnambulisms somnambulists somnifacients songfulnesses sonneteerings sophistically sophisticated sophisticates sorbabilities sorrowfulness soteriologies sottishnesses soulfulnesses soundproofing southeasterly southeastward southernwoods southwesterly southwestward sovereignties sovietization spaghettilike sparkplugging spasmodically speakerphones specialnesses specification specificities spectacularly spectatorship spectinomycin spectrographs spectrography spectrometers spectrometric spectroscopes spectroscopic specularities speculatively speechwriters speedboatings speleological speleologists spermatocytes spermatogenic spermatogonia spermatophore spermatophyte spermatozoans spermatozoids sphygmographs spiegeleisens spinelessness spinsterhoods spiritualisms spiritualists spiritualized spiritualizes spiritualness spiritualties spirochetoses spirochetosis splashinesses splendiferous splenectomies splenectomize splenetically spokesmanship spokespersons spondylitides spondylitises spontaneities spontaneously sporopollenin sportfishings sportscasters sportscasting sportsmanlike sportsmanship sportswriters sportswriting sprachgefuhls spreadability sprightliness springinesses squalidnesses squashinesses squeamishness squeezability squirearchies squishinesses stabilization stablishments staggerbushes standardbreds standardising standardizing standoffishly standpattisms staphylococci starchinesses statelessness statelinesses statesmanlike statesmanship stationmaster statistically statisticians staunchnesses steadfastness steamrollered steeplebushes steeplechaser steeplechases stegosauruses stenographers stenographies stepdaughters stephanotises stepparenting stercoraceous stereographed stereographic stereoisomers stereological stereophonies stereopticons stereoregular stereoscopies stereotypical sterilization sternforemost sternutations steroidogenic stichomythias stichomythies stickhandlers stickhandling stigmasterols stigmatically stiltednesses stipendiaries stockbreeders stockbrokings stockjobbings stoichiometry stoloniferous stonecuttings storyboarding storytellings straightaways straightbreds straightedges straighteners straightening straightlaced straitjackets straitlacedly strangenesses strangleholds strangulating strangulation strategically stratigraphic stratocracies stratocumulus stratospheres stratospheric stratovolcano streakinesses streetwalkers streetwalking strengtheners strengthening strenuosities strenuousness streptococcal streptococcic streptococcus streptokinase streptolysins streptomycete streptomycins stridulations strikebreaker stringcourses stringinesses strobilations stromatolites stromatolitic strontianites strophanthins structuralism structuralist structuralize structuration structureless studiednesses stuntednesses stupefactions stylelessness stylishnesses stylistically stylographies suasivenesses subacidnesses subadolescent suballocation subassemblies subbituminous subcategories subcategorize subclassified subclassifies subclinically subcollection subcollegiate subcommission subcommittees subcomponents subcontinents subcontracted subcontractor subcontraries subcoriaceous subculturally subdebutantes subdepartment subdiscipline subdistricted subemployment suberizations subgeneration subgovernment subindustries subinfeudated subinfeudates subinhibitory subirrigating subirrigation subjectivised subjectivises subjectivisms subjectivists subjectivized subjectivizes sublibrarians sublieutenant sublimenesses subliteracies subliterature submandibular submillimeter suboptimizing subordinately subordinating subordination subordinative subordinators subparagraphs subpopulation subprincipals subreptitious subsatellites subsaturation subscriptions subserviences subserviently subsidization subspecialist subspecialize substanceless substantially substantiated substantiates substantively substantivize substitutable substitutions substructural substructures subterraneous subtilenesses subtilization subtreasuries suburbanising suburbanizing subventionary subversionary subvocalizing sufficiencies suffocatingly suitabilities sulfadiazines sulfanilamide sulfonylureas sulfurousness summabilities summarization summersaulted sumptuousness superableness superabounded superabundant superachiever superactivity superaddition superagencies superannuated superannuates superathletes supercabinets supercalender supercarriers supercautious superchargers supercharging superchurches superclusters supercollider supercolossal supercomputer superconducts supercriminal supercritical supercurrents superdiplomat superelevated superelevates supereminence superencipher superfamilies superfetation superficially superfluidity superfluities superfluously supergraphics superhardened superheroines superhighways superhumanity superimposing superinducing superinfected superintended superiorities superlatively superlobbyist superloyalist superluxuries supermajority supermilitant superminister supernational supernaturals supernormally supernumerary superordinate superorganism superovulated superovulates superpatriots superpersonal superphysical superposition superpowerful superpremiums superrealisms superregional superromantic supersalesman supersalesmen supersaturate superscribing supersensible supersessions superspecials superstardoms superstations superstitions superstitious superstrength supersubtlety supersurgeons supersymmetry superterrific superthriller superventions supervirtuosi supervirtuoso supplantation supplementals supplementary supplementers supplementing supplications suppositional suppositories supranational suprarational supremenesses surgeonfishes surrejoinders surreptitious surveillances survivability survivorships suspensefully sustentations swarthinesses swashbucklers swashbuckling swinishnesses switchbacking switchgrasses swordsmanship sybaritically sycophantisms syllabicating syllabication syllabicities sylvicultures symbiotically symbolization symmetallisms symmetrically sympathectomy sympatholytic sympatrically symphonically symphoniously synaesthesias synarthrodial synchromeshes synchronicity synchronising synchronistic synchronizers synchronizing synchronously synchroscopes syndactylisms synecdochical synecological syntactically synthetically syringomyelia syringomyelic systematising systematizers systematizing systemization tablespoonful tachistoscope taciturnities tactfulnesses talkativeness tangibilities tantalizingly tastelessness tautologously taxonomically teachableness tearfulnesses technicalized technicalizes technobabbles technocracies technological technologists technologized technologizes technophobias tediousnesses teemingnesses telecommuters telecommuting telefacsimile telegrapheses telegraphists telemarketers telemarketing telencephalic telencephalon teleportation teleutospores televangelism televangelist tellurometers temerariously temperamental temperateness tempestuously temporalities temporalizing temporariness temporization tenablenesses tenaciousness tendentiously tenderhearted tenderization tenderometers tenosynovitis tensiometries tentativeness tenuousnesses teratogeneses teratogenesis teratological teratologists tercentennial terephthalate tergiversated tergiversates tergiversator terminational terminatively terminologies terpsichorean terrestrially territorially terrorization tessellations testabilities testosterones tetanizations tetartohedral tetrachloride tetracyclines tetradynamous tetrafluoride tetrahedrally tetrahedrites tetraploidies tetrapyrroles tetrodotoxins thalassaemias thalassocracy thalassocrats thanatologies thanatologist thanklessness thanksgivings thaumaturgies thaumaturgist theatergoings theatricalism theatricality theatricalize thenceforward theocentrisms theologically theophyllines theoretically theoreticians theorizations theriomorphic thermochemist thermocouples thermodynamic thermoelement thermoforming thermographic thermometries thermonuclear thermophilous thermoplastic thermosetting thermospheres thermospheric thermostating thermostatted thermotropism thiabendazole thigmotropism thimblerigged thimblerigger thinkableness thioridazines thirstinesses thoracotomies thoroughbrace thoroughbreds thoroughfares thoroughgoing thoroughworts thoughtlessly thrasonically threadinesses threateningly thriftinesses throatinesses throatlatches thrombokinase throttleholds thunderclouds thundershower thunderstones thunderstorms thunderstrike thunderstroke thunderstruck thymectomized thymectomizes thyroglobulin thyroidectomy thyroiditides thyroiditises thyrotrophins tiddledywinks timberdoodles titillatingly toastmistress tomboyishness tonsillectomy tonsillitides tonsillitises toothbrushing toothsomeness toplessnesses topographical topologically torticollises tortoiseshell totalitarians totipotencies touristically toxicological toxicologists toxoplasmoses toxoplasmosis tracheophytes tracheotomies tractableness tradescantias traditionally traditionless tragicomedies trailbreakers trampolinings trampolinists tranquilities tranquilizers tranquilizing tranquillized tranquillizer tranquillizes transactinide transactional transaminases transatlantic transcendence transcendency transcriptase transcription transcultural transductants transductions transfections transferences transferrable transfiguring transformable transfusional transgressing transgression transgressive transgressors transhumances transistorise transistorize translational transliterate translocating translocation translucences translucently transmembrane transmigrated transmigrates transmigrator transmissible transmissions transmittable transmittance transmountain transmutation transmutative transnational transparences transparently transpersonal transpiercing transpiration transplanters transplanting transportable transposition transshipment transshipping transthoracic transudations transvaluated transvaluates transvestisms transvestites trapezohedron trapshootings traumatically treacherously treasurership tredecillions tremulousness trephinations triamcinolone triangularity triangulating triangulation triaxialities triboelectric tricarboxylic triceratopses trichinosises trichlorphons trichologists trichopterans trichothecene trichromatism tricksinesses trifurcations triggerfishes triglycerides trigonometric triliteralism trimethoprims trinucleotide triphosphates triplications triploblastic trisaccharide trisoctahedra tritheistical triumphalisms triumphalists trolleybusses trophoblastic tropicalizing tropocollagen trothplighted troublemakers troublemaking troubleshoots troublesomely troublousness trustworthily tsutsugamushi tubocurarines tumorigeneses tumorigenesis tunablenesses tunefulnesses turbellarians turbidimeters turbidimetric turbochargers turboelectric typefoundings typicalnesses typifications typographical typologically tyrannosaurus uglifications ultracautious ultracritical ultradistance ultrafamiliar ultrafeminine ultrafiltrate ultraleftisms ultraleftists ultraliberals ultramarathon ultramilitant ultramontanes ultraorthodox ultraphysical ultrapowerful ultraradicals ultrararefied ultrarational ultrarealisms ultrarealists ultrareliable ultrarightist ultraromantic ultraroyalist ultraviolence ultravirility umbelliferous umbilications unaccompanied unaccountable unaccountably unadjudicated unadulterated unadventurous unambiguously unanticipated unapologizing unappealingly unappreciated unarticulated unassertively unassimilable unassimilated unassuageable unawarenesses unbeautifully unbelievingly unbelligerent unboundedness unbowdlerized uncalculating uncanninesses uncapitalized unceremonious uncertainness uncertainties unchallenging uncharismatic unchlorinated uncircumcised uncleanliness uncleannesses uncollectible uncomfortable uncomfortably uncompensated uncompetitive uncomplaining uncomplicated unconceivable unconcernedly unconditional unconditioned unconformable unconformably unconquerable unconquerably unconsciouses unconsciously unconsecrated unconstrained unconstraints unconstricted unconstructed unconsummated uncontainable uncontentious uncooperative uncoordinated uncorrectable uncouthnesses uncustomarily undeliverable underachieved underachiever underachieves underactivity underbudgeted undercarriage undercharging underclassman underclassmen underclothing undercoatings undercounting undercurrents undereducated underemphases underemphasis underemployed underestimate underexposing underexposure underfinanced undergarments undergraduate undergrounder underhandedly underinflated underlayments underpainting underpayments underpinnings underprepared underreacting underreported undersheriffs undershooting understaffing understanding understatedly understeering understrapper understrength understudying undersupplies undersurfaces underutilized underutilizes underwhelming undescribable undeviatingly undiagnosable undialectical undisciplined undiscouraged undisguisedly undissociated undistributed undoctrinaire undutifulness unearthliness unelectrified unembarrassed unembellished unemotionally unemployables unemployments unencouraging unenforceable unenlightened unequivocably unequivocally unestablished unexceptional unexplainable unfalsifiable unfalteringly unfamiliarity unfashionable unfashionably unfeelingness unflinchingly unforeseeable unforgettable unforgettably unforthcoming unfortunately unfriendliest unfulfillable ungentlemanly ungodlinesses ungrammatical unguardedness unhandicapped unhandinesses unhappinesses unhealthiness unhomogenized unideological uniformnesses unimaginative unimpassioned unimpeachable unimpeachably unimplemented unimportances uninformative uninhabitable uninhibitedly uninstructive unintelligent unintentional uninteresting uninterrupted unintimidated unionisations unionizations uniparentally unitarianisms universalisms universalists universalized universalizes universalness unjustifiable unjustifiably unknowability unlikelihoods unluckinesses unmaliciously unmanipulated unmanlinesses unmentionable unmetabolized unmitigatedly unnaturalness unnecessarily unnilpentiums unnilquadiums unobtrusively unorthodoxies unparasitized unpasteurized unperformable unpicturesque unprecedented unpredictable unpredictably unpressurized unpretentious unproblematic unprogressive unpromisingly unpublishable unpunctuality unqualifiedly unquestioning unquietnesses unreadinesses unreasoningly unreclaimable unrecoverable unrelentingly unreliability unreminiscent unremittingly unrepentantly unrepresented unrespectable unrighteously unsalvageable unselectively unselfishness unsensational unsentimental unseriousness unserviceable unsettledness unsettlements unsightliness unsociability unsoundnesses unspecialized unspecifiable unspectacular unsubstantial unsuitability unsupportable unsurpassable unsusceptible unsustainable unsymmetrical unsympathetic unsymptomatic untheoretical unthreatening untraditional untransformed untrustworthy unusualnesses unwarrantable unwarrantably unwholesomely unwillingness unworkability unworldliness upgradability upperclassman upperclassmen uprightnesses uptightnesses uranographies urbanisations urbanizations urbanologists urediniospore urethroscopes uselessnesses vacationlands vacillatingly vacuousnesses valedictorian valedictories valiantnesses valorizations valpolicellas valuationally valuelessness vandalization vaporizations variabilities variationally variousnesses vascularities vasectomizing vasodilations vaticinations vaudevillians vegetarianism velarizations vendibilities venerableness venipunctures ventriloquial ventriloquies ventriloquism ventriloquist ventriloquize ventrolateral venturesomely venturousness veraciousness verbalization verbigeration verbosenesses verifiability verifications verisimilarly veritableness vermiculation vernacularism vernalization versatileness versatilities versification verticalities vertiginously vesiculations veterinarians vexatiousness vexillologies vexillologist vibraharpists vibraphonists vibrationless vicariousness vicegerencies viceroyalties viciousnesses victimization victimologies victimologist videocassette videographers videographies vigintillions vilifications vinifications violabilities violoncellist virologically viscosimeters viscosimetric viscountesses viscousnesses visiblenesses visionariness visualization vitalizations viticulturist vitrification vituperations vivaciousness vivifications vivisectional vocalizations vocationalism vocationalist vociferations voguishnesses voicelessness volatilizable volcanicities volcanologies volcanologist volublenesses voluntariness voluntaristic voluntaryisms voluntaryists volunteerisms voraciousness vouchsafement vulcanicities vulcanisation vulcanization vulcanologies vulcanologist vulgarization vulnerability wafflestomper waggishnesses wainscottings wakefulnesses walkingsticks wallydraigles warmongerings washabilities waspishnesses watercolorist waterflooding waterfowlings waterlessness watermanships waterproofers waterproofing waterthrushes waywardnesses wealthinesses wearabilities wearisomeness weatherboards weathercaster weatherperson weatherproofs weightinesses weightlifters weightlifting weisenheimers welcomenesses welterweights weltschmerzes wettabilities wheelbarrowed whigmaleeries whimsicalness whippoorwills whipstitching whistleblower whitewashings whithersoever wholesomeness willfulnesses willingnesses wimpishnesses winsomenesses winterberries winterization wishfulnesses wistfulnesses witenagemotes withdrawnness witlessnesses woebegoneness wolfishnesses wollastonites womanlinesses wonderfulness woolgatherers woolgathering workabilities worldlinesses worrisomeness worthlessness wrongheadedly xenodiagnoses xenodiagnosis xerophthalmia xerophthalmic xylographical yellowhammers yellowthroats zealousnesses zestfulnesses zombification zoogeographer zoogeographic zooplanktonic zoosporangium zooxanthellae zygodactylous

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