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artistotle was born in Stagira, Chalcidice in 384 B.C. and died in Euboea 322B.C.

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Aristotle was born in Stagira, which was a Greek city in the ancient region of Chalcidice.

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Aristotle was born in Stagirus in the Greek colony of Macedon he was born in 384 B.C.
Aristotle was born in Stageira , Chalcidice .

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Provinces/State/Whatever you want to call them: Achaea, Aetolia, Arcadia, Argolis, Attica, Boeotia, Chalcidice, Chania, Corfu, Cyclades, Dodecanese, Elis, Euboea, Evros, Heraklion, Imathia, Ioannina, Kavala, Kefalonia, Kilkis, Kozani, Laconia, Larissa, Lasithi, Lesbos, Magnesia, Messinia, Pella, Phocis, Phthiotis, Preveza, Rethymno, Rodopi, Samos, Serres, Thesprotia, Thessaloniki,Trikala

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Thucydides (II 99) defined ancient Macedonia as the area extending to the east as far as the lands of mountain Paggaion, east of river Strymon, to the south to the Thermaikos Bay, Chalcidice, river Pineios (the border with Thessaly) and the Kambounia mountains, to the north up to (including) the city of Pella, south of the lands of Paeonians, and to the west to the mountains (Pindos, Tymfe etc) that separate Macedonia from Epeiros and ancient Illyria (today's Albania). Macedonia, as defined by Thucydides, coincides with the region of Macedonia of modern Greece minus some lands of the Chalcidice prefecture.

In later dates the borders of the Macedonian State (that is, the lands ruled by the Macedonian Kings) varied and depending on the circumstances it extended westwards up to the Adriatic Sea, eastwards up to river Evros and beyond, and to the north up to the city of Lychnidon between the lakes

of Brygies and Lyhnetis [the translation of some Greek names into English may seem weird. Blame me for this.]. References pointing to the borders of the Macedonian state can be found in Strabo, VII.

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The Greek peninsula is a large landmass in southern Europe that forms the southernmost part of the Balkan Peninsula. It is surrounded by the Ionian Sea, Aegean Sea, and Mediterranean Sea. Greece is located on the Greek peninsula.

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Alexander was first tutored by the strict Leonidas, a relative of his mother, and by Lysimachus of Acarnania. In early childhood Alexander was raised in the manner of noble Macedonian youths, learning to read, play the lyre, ride, fight, and hunt.

When Alexander was 13, Philip began to search for a tutor and considered such academics as Isocrates and Speusippus, the latter offering to resign to take up the post. In the end, Philip chose Aristotle and provided the Temple of the Nymphs at Mieza as a classroom. In return for teaching Alexander, Philip agreed to rebuild Aristotle's hometown of Stageira in central Macedonia near the eastern coast of the peninsula of Chalcidice, which Philip had razed, and to repopulate it by buying and freeing the ex-citizens who were slaves or pardoning those who were in exile. Many new structures were built at this time, including an aqueduct, two shrines to Demeter. and many houses.

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Thucydides (II 99) defined ancient Macedonia as the area extending to the east as far as the lands of mountain Paggaion, east of river Strymon, to the south to the Thermaikos Bay, Chalcidice, river Pineios (the border with Thessaly) and the Kambounia mountains, to the north up to (including) the city of Pella, south of the lands of Paeonians, and to the west to the mountains (Pindos, Tymfe etc) that separate Macedonia from Epeiros and ancient Illyria (today's Albania). Macedonia, as defined by Thucydides, coincides with the region of Macedonia of modern Greece minus some lands of the Chalcidice prefecture.

In later dates the borders of the Macedonian State (that is, the lands ruled by the Macedonian Kings) varied and depending on the circumstances it extended westwards up to the Adriatic Sea, eastwards up to river Evros and beyond, and to the north up to the city of Lychnidon between the lakes

of Brygies and Lyhnetis [the translation of some Greek names into English may seem weird. Blame me for this.]. References pointing to the borders of the Macedonian state can be found in Strabo, VII.

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Aristotle was born in Stagirus, or Stagira, or Stageirus, on the Chalcidic peninsula of northern Greece. His father was Nicomachus, a medical doctor, while his mother was named Phaestis. Nicomachus was certainly living in Chalcidice when Aristotle was born and he had probably been born in that region. Aristotle's mother, Phaestis, came from Chalcis in Euboea and her family owned property there.

There is little doubt that Nicomachus would have intended Aristotle to become a doctor, for the tradition was that medical skills were kept secret and handed down from father to son. It was not a society where people visited a doctor but rather it was the doctors who travelled round the country tending to the sick. Although we know nothing of Aristotle's early years it is highly likely that he would have accompanied his father in his travels. We do know that Nicomachus found the conditions in Chalcidice less satisfactory than in the neighbouring state of Macedonia and he began to work there with so much success that he was soon appointed as the personal physician to Amyntas III, king of Macedonia.

There is no record to indicate whether Aristotle lived with his father in Pella, the capital of Macedonia, while Nicomachus attended to king Amyntas at the court there. However, Aristotle was certainly friendly with Philip, king Amyntas's son, some years later and it seems reasonable to assume that the two, who were almost exactly the same age, had become friendly in Pella as young children.

When Aristotle was about ten years old his father died. This certainly meant that Aristotle could not now follow in his father's profession of doctor and, since his mother seems also to have died young, Aristotle was brought up by a guardian, Proxenus of Atarneus, who was his uncle (or possibly a family friend as is suggested by some authors). Proxenus taught Aristotle Greek, rhetoric, and poetry which complemented the biological teachings that Nicomachus had given Aristotle as part of training his son in medicine. Since in latter life Aristotle wrote fine Greek prose, this too must have been part of his early education.

In 367 BC Aristotle, at the age of seventeen, became a student at Plato's Academy in Athens. At the time that Aristotle joined the Academy it had been operating for twenty years. Plato was not in Athens, but rather he was on his first visit to Syracuse. We should not think of Plato's Academy as a non-political organisation only interested in abstract ideas. The Academy was highly involved in the politics of the time, in fact Plato's visit to Sicily was for political reasons, and the politics of the Academy and of the whole region would play a major role in influencing the course of Aristotle's life.

When Aristotle arrived in Athens, the Academy was being run by Eudoxus of Cnidos in Plato's absence. Speusippus, Plato's nephew, was also teaching at the Academy as was Xenocrates of Chalcedon. After being a student, Aristotle soon became a teacher at the Academy and he was to remain there for twenty years. We know little regarding what Aristotle taught at the Academy. In [10] Diogenes Laertius, writing in the second century AD, says that Aristotle taught rhetoric and dialectic. Certainly Aristotle wrote on rhetoric at this time, issuing Gryllus which attacked the views on rhetoric of Isocrates, who ran another major educational establishment in Athens. All Aristotle's writings of this time strongly support Plato's views and those of the Academy.

Towards the end of Aristotle's twenty years at the Academy his position became difficult due to the political events of the time. Amyntas, the king of Macedonia, died around 369 BC, a couple of years before Aristotle went to Athens to join the Academy. Two of Amyntas's sons, Alexander II and Perdiccas III, each reigned Macedonia for a time but the kingdom suffered from both internal disputes and external wars. In 359 BC Amyntas's third son, Philip II came to the throne when Perdiccas was killed fighting off an Illyrian invasion. Philip used skilful tactics, both military and political, to allow Macedonia a period of internal peace in which they expanded by victories over the surrounding areas.

Philip captured Olynthus and annexed Chalcidice in 348 BC. Stagirus, the town of Aristotle's birth, held out for a while but was also defeated by Philip. Athens worried about the powerful threatening forces of Macedonia, and yet Aristotle had been brought up at the Court of Macedonia and had probably retained his friendship with Philip. The actual order of events is now a little uncertain. Plato died in 347 BC and Speusippus assumed the leadership of the Academy. Aristotle was certainly opposed to the views of Speusippus and he may have left the Academy following Plato's death for academic reasons or because he failed to be named head of the Academy himself. Some sources, however, suggest that he may have left for political reasons before Plato died because of his unpopularity due to his Macedonian links.

Aristotle travelled from Athens to Assos which faces the island of Lesbos. He was not alone in leaving the Academy for Xenocrates of Chalcedon left with him. In Assos Aristotle was received by the ruler Hermias of Atarneus with much acclaim. It is likely that Aristotle was acting as an ambassador for Philip and he certainly was treated as such by Hermias. Aristotle married Pythias, the niece and adopted daughter of Hermias, and they had one child, a daughter also called Pythias. However, Aristotle's wife died about 10 years after their marriage. It is thought that she was much younger than Atistotle, being probably of age of about 18 when they married.

For more info go to Wikipedia where I got this info

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There was never a Macedonian empire. There was the Kingdom of Macedon, which was the largest and the dominant state in mainland Greece.

Macedon, in the north of Greece, was developed into the largest and most powerful state in mainland Greece by King Philip II of Macedon. He created a new type of infantry formation, the Macedonian phalanx, which made use of the sarissa (a very long spear) and was superior to the traditional phalanx. He captured the gold mines of Mount Pangaion (to the east of Macedon) which provided him with wealth. He established an alliance with the kingdom of Epirus (in western Greece) by marrying the daughter of its king. He conquered Thessaly, a region which gave him control over central Greece. He destroyed the Chalkidian League, destroyed its main city and took over the Chalcidice Peninsula (just to the west of the city of Thessalonica). He subdued the Thracians who lived to the north and northeast of Macedon.

Thus, Philip took over the north and northeast and much of centre Greece and had a firm alliance with Epirus in the west. The other Greek states fought against Philip. He won, but did not take over these states. His ambition was not to take over the whole of Greece, but to unite the Greeks to form an alliance he needed for his great project; the conquest of the massive Persian Empire. He was murdered before he could accomplish this project. His son Alexander the Great carried it out.

Alexander's empire was a Greek empire, not a Macedonian one. This was because although Macedonian troops were the largest force, his army included forces from the other Greek states and his conquest was a collective Greek effort. Greek rule was shared among Greeks and members of the Persian aristocracy. Moreover, Alexander's empire broke up within a few years, when he died young. His generals fought wars over its partitioning. Eventually, his conquests were divided into three Greek-ruled states: the Kingdom of Pergamon, the Seleucid Empire and the Ptolemaic Kingdom. The Kingdom of Macedon remained as it had been before and continued to be the largest and the dominant state in mainland Greece.

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he underlying cause of the war was Sparta's fear of the growth of the power of Athens. This is Thucydides' own final judgment. The whole history of the rise and power of Athens in the 50 years preceding justifies this view, though the immediate occasion of the war concerned Corinth, Sparta's chief naval ally. Since the peace of 445 B.C. Pericles had consolidated Athenian resources, made Athens' navy incomparable, concluded in 433 B.C. a defensive alliance with the strong naval power Corcyra (Corinth's most bitter enemy), and renewed alliances with Rhegium and Leontini in the west. The very food supply of the Peloponnese from Sicily was endangered. In the Aegean Athens could always enforce a monopoly of seaborne trade. To this extent the Peloponnesian War was a trade war and on this ground chiefly Corinth appealed to Sparta to take up arms. The appeal was backed by Megara, nearly ruined by Pericles' economic boycott, and by Aegina a reluctant member of the Athenian Empire.

But if Sparta had not also been eager for war then peace would have lasted. Sparta was waiting an opportunity that came when Athens was temporarily embarrassed by the revolt of her subject-ally Potidaea in Chalcidice in the spring of 432 B.C. The rebel city held out until the winter of 430 B.C. and its blockade meant a constant drain upon Athenian military, and naval resources. Sparta seized the opportunity. Confident of speedy victory she refused an offer of arbitration made by Pericles. Instead, Sparta sent an ultimatum that would have practically destroyed Athenian power. Pericles urged the people to refuse and Sparta declared war.

Another Viewpoint:

Athens, having converted the anti-Persian alliance it led into an empire after peace was made with Persia, was overconfident and interfered in the affairs of other city-states outside its empire. Disputes over Potidaia and Corcyra came to a head when Athens imposed ruinous trade restrictions on Megara, a member of the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta. The League demanded these be lifted, Pericles persuaded Athens to be confident of its walls and war fleet and refuse, and war ensued.

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