Apuleius was born in 125.

Apuleius died in 180.

His name was Lucius Apuleius.

'Cupid and Psyche' was written by Apuleius.

Apuleius has written:

'Das Herbarium Apuleii' -- subject(s): Botany, Botany, Medical, English language, Grammar, Medical Botany, Medicine, Medieval, Medieval Medicine, Pre-Linnean works

David Londey has written:

'The logic of Apuleius' -- subject(s): Ancient Logic

Cupid and Psyche was a side-story in a book called "Metamorphoses", written by Lucius Apuleius. The book was later retitled "The Golden Ass" (Asinus aureus) by St Augustine, and is the only Latin novel to survive in its entirety.

Click link below for more info!

The story of Psyche first appears in a book of stories written by Apuleius in the second century AD - The Golden Ass.

The story appears as a story (a work of fiction); we do not know if Apuleius based his tale on an earlier myth, but Apuleius himself tells the story as fiction: he doesn't believe it is true, and he does not expect his readers to believe it.

In Apuleius' tale Psyche's father has no name; he doesn't need one, since he is not a major character in the story.

One of the big differences between a tale (definitely fictional) and a myth (possibly true) is that in a tale non-essential detail is regularly omitted (it doesn't matter) whereas in a myth it is often included (if a thing is true, who knows what aspects are important, and which are not)? Her father's name is not mentioned. Only that Pyche was a beiutiful human girl, who stirred the envy of Venus.

Chauncey Edgar Finch has written:

'The Urbana manuscript of Apuleius' -- subject(s): Latin Manuscripts, Manuscripts

Apuleius was a Roman writer, not Greek.

He says only that Voluptas (Pleasure) [Hedone} was born to Psyche and Cupid a full term after they were wed.

Max Bernhard has written:

'Der Stil des Apuleius von Madaura' -- subject- s -: Latin language, Literary style, Style

Lucius isn't IN the story of Cupid and Psyche. The most well-known version of the story is attributed TO him. His name was Lucius Apuleius.

Rome made many contributions to literature. Here are just some of them. The works of Virgil and Horace. The works of Cicero. The first novel by Petronius Arbiter, the writings of Apuleius. The works of Seneca.

The story of Cupid and Psyche is a myth from ancient Greece, believed to have been written in the 2nd century CE by the Roman writer Apuleius in his novel "The Golden Ass." The exact time in which the myth is set is not specific, as it is a fictional tale.

The ancient Greeks INVENTED math. See "Life of Pythagoras" by Iamblichus, Diogenes Laertius "Vitae philosophorum VIII", Porphyry "Life of Pythagoras" Apuleius "Apologia" and Hierocles of Alexandria "Golden Verses of Pythagoras".

Yes, surprisingly enough, the highest paid athlete of all-time is a Roman horse. A Roman charioteer named Gaius Apuleius Diocles earned the equivalent of over $15 billion over a 24-year career, giving him the title of the highest-paid athlete of all time.

The following saints are memorialized on October 7:

Adalgis of Novara

Apuleius of Capua

Artaldus

Augustus of Bourges

Bacchus

Canog

Chiara Badano

Dubtach of Armagh

Gerold of Cologne

Helanus

Julia the Martyr

Justina of Padua

Marcellus of Capua

Mark, Pope

Our Lady of the Rosary

Osith

Palladius of Saintes

Sergius the Martyr

he following saints are memorialized on October 7: Adalgis of Novara

Apuleius of Capua

Artaldus

Augustus of Bourges

Bacchus

Canog

Chiara Badano

Dubtach of Armagh

Gerold of Cologne

Helanus

Julia the Martyr

Justina of Padua

Marcellus of Capua

Mark, Pope

Our Lady of the Rosary

Osith

Palladius of Saintes

Sergius the Martyr

The most prominent Roman writers were the three canonic poets of Latin literature: Virgil, Horace and Ovid. Other important poets were Tibullus and Propertius. The first novel was written by Petronius, which was a satire. Another great satirist was Juvenal. Martial was the master of the epigram (a brief and sometimes surprising satirical statement). Apuleius wrote an important novel.

There were many Roman satirists, satire was a genre of Latin literature. Satire was not used to attack the city of Rome. It was used rise questions about morality, superstition and habits and to mock the hypocrisy found in society. It used laughter as a tool for self-criticism.

Famous Roman satirists were Lucilius, Horace, Petronius, Martial, Juvenal and Apuleius.

Alexander Scobie has written:

'Hitler's state architecture' -- subject(s): Architecture and state, National socialism and architecture

'Apuleius and folklore' -- subject(s): Folklore, Folklore in literature, Knowledge, Metamorphosis in literature, Oral tradition, Witchcraft in literature

'More essays on the ancient romance and its heritage' -- subject(s): Civilization, Ancient, in literature, Classical fiction, History and criticism

Cupid and Psyche are characters from Roman mythology who were involved in a romantic relationship despite challenges and obstacles. Their story symbolizes themes of love, trust, and perseverance, and is often interpreted as an allegory for the soul's journey towards union with the divine.

The Greek personification of the soul loved by Eros is known as Psyche. She is typically portrayed as a beautiful mortal princess who becomes the wife of Eros (Cupid) in several mythical tales, including the Roman novel "The Golden Ass" by Apuleius. The story of Psyche and Eros symbolizes the union of the soul and love.

The phrase "rarity wins if familiarity breeds contempt" means that things or people that are rare or unique often hold more value or appreciation compared to those that are common and familiar, which might lead to disdain or neglect. This suggests that sometimes maintaining a sense of mystery or uniqueness can sustain interest and respect.

The first recorded fairy tale is believed to be "The Tale of Cupid and Psyche," which was written in the 2nd century CE by Lucius Apuleius. It is a Roman myth that was later adapted into a fairy tale by the Brothers Grimm.

Cupid was the son of Venus, a father never mentioned. (Greek Eros usually seen as the son of Ares).

In the novel by Apuleius, 'The Golden Ass' where the tale of Cupid and Psyche is told, Psyche is the most beautiful on earth. Her parents have no place in that story. In retelling the tale one has often made her the daughter of a king, no name.

You can read the story "Cupid and Psyche" in the Latin novel "Metamorphoses" also known as "The Golden Ass," written by Apuleius. It is a tale within this larger work, often found in collections of mythology or classical literature. Additionally, various adaptations and retellings of the story exist in different forms of media.

The story of Cupid and Psyche is a Roman myth that highlights the power of love and the importance of trust. It follows the journey of Psyche, a mortal princess, and Cupid, the god of love, as they overcome obstacles and find true love despite challenges and interferences from others. The story serves as a timeless reminder of the strength of love and the importance of perseverance in the face of adversity.

Somewhere in Transylvania. Count Vlad Dracula, aka "the impaler" was said to have portraits of himself among the impaled corpses of his enemies, thus the rumor began that the Count was a cannibal, starting the Vampire myth.

The cast of Costantino il grande - 1961 includes: Lia Angeleri as Clavia, Christian Tino Carraro as Emperor Maximianus Elisa Cegani as Elena Franco Fantasia as Roman Soldier Lauro Gazzolo as Amodius Nando Gazzolo as Licinius Veriano Ginesi as Torturer Loris Gizzi as Roman Prosecutor Christine Kaufmann as Livia Belinda Lee as Fausta Carlo Ninchi as Constantius Chlorus Annibale Ninchi as Galarius Vittorio Sanipoli as Apuleius Massimo Serato as Maxentius Carlo Tamberlani as Diocletian Renato Terra as Jailer Fausto Tozzi as Hadrian Cornel Wilde as Constantine

Aesop's Fables- he was Greek, but still very relevant in Rome. http://www.aesopfables.com/

Ovid's Metamorphoses- http://classics.mit.edu/Ovid/metam.html

Apuleius' Golden Ass- it is a novel, but is composed of many short stories and tales. http://www.jnanam.net/golden-ass/#ed

There are many more, but those are my favorites.

Thomas Taylor has written:

'Superprose'

'The Dissertations Of Maximum Tyrius'

'The Biggest Splash'

'Collected Writings Of Plotinus'

'Proclus the Neoplatonic Philosopher'

'The Hymns of Orpheus With a Preliminary Dissertation on the Life and Theology of Orpheus to Which Is Added the Essay of Plotinus Concerning the Beautiful'

'The Platonic Theology Proclus in Six Books (Books I-III. Vol. 1)'

'The Life Of St. Samson Of Dol'

'Introduction to the Writings and Life of Apuleius'

'Select Works of Plotinus'

'Lightning in the Storm'

'The infidel's confession'

'The Loudest Roar (Well World)'

'Mystical Hymns of Orpheus'

'An Introduction to the Works of Plotinus'

'The Physics Or Physical Auscultation Of Aristotle'

'George and Sophie's Museum Adventure'

'A Memoir Of The Reverend John Howe'

'Back Yard Batting Cage (Sports Story Series) Vol.2'

'On The Soul:'

'Iamblichus' Life of Pythagoras'

'Der Einzug des Nichts ins Sein' -- subject(s): Philosophy

'Pythagorean Precepts'

'The Commentaries of Proclus on the Timaeus of Plato - 1820'

'Remarks upon remarks: or some animadversions'

'Tick! Tock! Jungle Clock'

'Exposition of Titus'

'The Theology Of Plato'

'A Dissertation On The Philosophy Of Aristotle In Four Books'

'Sixteen lectures upon the Epistles to seven churches of Asia'

'Iamblichus on the Mysteries of the Egyptians, Chaldeans, and Assyrians'

'Theoretic Arithmetic of the Pythagoreans'

'Iamblichus' Life of Pythagoras or Pythagoric Life'

'The Life Of William Cowper'

'Redeeming Grace displayed to the chief of sinners'

'Hymns and Initiations'

'The Loudest Roar'

'Numeros, Los'

'Metamorphosis or Golden Ass of Apuleius'

'George and Sophie's Museum Adventure'

'Cosmic Poetics'

In Greek mythology, Psyche was a mortal woman who was the wife of Eros, the god of love. She is known for her beauty and the challenges she faced in trying to win back the love of Eros after betraying his trust. Psyche's story is often seen as a symbol of the soul's journey toward love and self-discovery.

Pasquale J. Accardo has written:

'The metamorphosis of Apuleius' -- subject(s): Adaptations, History and criticism, King Kong (Fictitious character), Beauty and the beast (Tale), Eros (Greek deity) in literature, Monsters in literature, Fairy tales, Psyche (Greek deity) in literature

'Diagnosis and detection' -- subject(s): Detective and mystery stories, Knowledge, Sherlock Holmes (Fictitious character), Sherlock Holmes, History and criticism, Medicine in literature, Literature and medicine, Characters, Medicine, Private investigators in literature

'Failure to Thrive in Infancy and Childhood'

'The medical almanac' -- subject(s): Medicine, Physicians, Biography

'Capute & Accardo's Neurodevelopmental Disabilities in Infancy and Childhood'

'Dictionary of developmental disabilities terminology' -- subject(s): Developmental Disabilities, Developmental disabilities, Dictionary, English, Dictionaries, Child development deviations

Teun A. van Dijk is a Dutch linguist and discourse analyst known for his work on critical discourse analysis and the study of power and ideology in discourse. He has written extensively on topics such as racism, media discourse, and political discourse analysis.

The Imazighen (singular: Amazigh) also known as the Berbers, they are the ethnic group indigenous to North Africa (Canary Islands, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya and Azawad)

Some of the best known of the ancient Berbers are : The king Sheshonk I who ruled Egypt in 945 BC, Carthaginian leader Hannibal, The Mauretanian king Bocchus I, king Ptolemy of Mauretania, The Numidian king Masinissa, king Jugurtha, the Berber-Roman emperor Septimius Severus, the Berber-Roman author Apuleius who was the first man to write a novel, Saint Augustine of Hippo and the Berber-Roman general Lusius Quietus, who was instrumental in defeating the major wave of Jewish revolts of 115-117. Also Dihya, was a female Berber religious and military leader who led a fierce Berber resistance against the Arab expansion in east of north Africa. Prince Aksil was a 7th-century leader from Algeria who led wars against Arabs.

Famous Berbers of the Middle Ages include (Yusuf ibn Tashfin, king of the Berber Almoravid empire) (Tariq ibn Ziyad, the general who conquered Hispania) (Abbas Ibn Firnas, a prolific inventor scientist and early pioneer in aviation, he was the first man to fly) (Ibn Battuta, a medieval explorer who traveled the longest known distances in pre-modern times) .

Well-known modern Berbers in Europe include Zinedine Zidane, a French-born international football star of Algerian Kabyle descent. Ibrahim Afellay a Dutch-born footballer of Moroccan Riffian descent. Idir, a famous singer of Kabyle Algerian descent.

Plato received a rigorous education in mathematics, philosophy, and athletics, as was typical for young aristocratic men of his time in ancient Greece. He studied under the philosopher Socrates and later founded his own school, the Academy, where he continued to teach and write influential philosophical works.

Anubis is a god of ancinet Egyptian religion, it is not recorded when he was born nor where, and those who study that mythology may become frustrated to realize Anubis does not even have clear parentage.

"Cupid and Psyche" is a tale from Apuleius' novel "The Golden Ass." It follows the story of Psyche, a mortal princess who incurs the jealousy of Venus, the goddess of love. Cupid, Venus's son, falls in love with Psyche and they embark on a tumultuous journey filled with trials and tribulations before ultimately finding happiness together.

Algerian officials and activists believe that this is a good first step and hope that this move would encourage broader reparation.Tensions between Algeria and Morocco in relation to the Western Sahara have been an obstacle to tightening the Arab Maghreb Union, nominally established in 1989, but which has carried little practical weight. The military of Algeria consists of the People's National Army (ANP), the Algerian National Navy (MRA), and the Algerian Air Force (QJJ), plus the Territorial Air Defence Forces. It is the direct successor of the National Liberation Army (Armée de Libération Nationale or ALN), the armed wing of the nationalist National Liberation Front which fought French colonial occupation during the Algerian War of Independence (1954–62). Total military personnel include 147,000 active, 150,000 reserve, and 187,000 paramilitary staff (2008 estimate). Service in the military is compulsory for men aged 19–30, for a total of 12 months. The military expenditure was 4.3% of the gross domestic product (GDP) in 2012. Algeria has the second largest military in North Africa with the largest defence budget in Africa ($10 billion). Most of Algeria's weapons are imported from Russia, with whom they are a close ally.In 2007, the Algerian Air Force signed a deal with Russia to purchase 49 MiG-29SMT and 6 MiG-29UBT at an estimated cost of $1.9 billion. Russia is also building two 636-type diesel submarines for Algeria. Algeria has been categorized by Freedom House as "not free" since it began publishing such ratings in 1972, with the exception of 1989, 1990, and 1991, when the country was labeled "partly free." In December 2016, the Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor issued a report regarding violation of media freedom in Algeria. It clarified that the Algerian government imposed restriction on freedom of the press; expression; and right to peaceful demonstration, protest and assembly as well as intensified censorship of the media and websites. Due to the fact that the journalists and activists criticize the ruling government, some media organizations' licenses are cancelled.Independent and autonomous trade unions face routine harassment from the government, with many leaders imprisoned and protests suppressed. In 2016 a number of unions, many of which were involved in the 2010–2012 Algerian Protests, have been deregistered by the government.Homosexuality is illegal in Algeria. Public homosexual behavior is punishable by up to two years in prison.Human Rights Watch has accused the Algerian authorities of using the COVID-19 pandemic as an excuse to prevent pro-democracy movements and protests in the country, leading to the arrest of youths as part of social distancing. Algeria is divided into 58 provinces (wilayas), 553 districts (daïras) and 1,541 municipalities (baladiyahs). Each province, district, and municipality is named after its seat, which is usually the largest city. The administrative divisions have changed several times since independence. When introducing new provinces, the numbers of old provinces are kept, hence the non-alphabetical order. With their official numbers, currently (since 1983) they are Algeria is classified as an upper middle income country by the World Bank. Algeria's currency is the dinar (DZD). The economy remains dominated by the state, a legacy of the country's socialist post-independence development model. In recent years, the Algerian government has halted the privatization of state-owned industries and imposed restrictions on imports and foreign involvement in its economy. These restrictions are just starting to be lifted off recently although questions about Algeria's slowly-diversifying economy remain. Algeria has struggled to develop industries outside hydrocarbons in part because of high costs and an inert state bureaucracy. The government's efforts to diversify the economy by attracting foreign and domestic investment outside the energy sector have done little to reduce high youth unemployment rates or to address housing shortages. The country is facing a number of short-term and medium-term problems, including the need to diversify the economy, strengthen political, economic and financial reforms, improve the business climate and reduce inequalities amongst regions.A wave of economic protests in February and March 2011 prompted the Algerian government to offer more than $23 billion in public grants and retroactive salary and benefit increases. Public spending has increased by 27% annually during the past 5 years. The 2010–14 public-investment programme will cost US$286 billion, 40% of which will go to human development. The Algerian economy grew by 2.6% in 2011, driven by public spending, in particular in the construction and public-works sector, and by growing internal demand. If hydrocarbons are excluded, growth has been estimated at 4.8%. Growth of 3% is expected in 2012, rising to 4.2% in 2013. The rate of inflation was 4% and the budget deficit 3% of GDP. The current-account surplus is estimated at 9.3% of GDP and at the end of December 2011, official reserves were put at US$182 billion. Inflation, the lowest in the region, has remained stable at 4% on average between 2003 and 2007. In 2011 Algeria announced a budgetary surplus of $26.9 billion, 62% increase in comparison to 2010 surplus. In general, the country exported $73 billion worth of commodities while it imported $46 billion.Thanks to strong hydrocarbon revenues, Algeria has a cushion of $173 billion in foreign currency reserves and a large hydrocarbon stabilization fund. In addition, Algeria's external debt is extremely low at about 2% of GDP. The economy remains very dependent on hydrocarbon wealth, and, despite high foreign exchange reserves (US$178 billion, equivalent to three years of imports), current expenditure growth makes Algeria's budget more vulnerable to the risk of prolonged lower hydrocarbon revenues.In 2011, the agricultural sector and services recorded growth of 10% and 5.3%, respectively. About 14% of the labor force are employed in the agricultural sector. Fiscal policy in 2011 remained expansionist and made it possible to maintain the pace of public investment and to contain the strong demand for jobs and housing.Algeria has not joined the WTO, despite several years of negotiations.In March 2006, Russia agreed to erase $4.74 billion of Algeria's Soviet-era debt during a visit by Russian President Vladimir Putin to the country, the first by a Russian leader in half a century. In return, Algerian President Abdelaziz Bouteflika agreed to buy $7.5 billion worth of combat planes, air-defence systems and other arms from Russia, according to the head of Russia's state arms exporter Rosoboronexport.Dubai-based conglomerate Emarat Dzayer Group said it had signed a joint venture agreement to develop a $1.6 billion steel factory in Algeria. Algeria, whose economy is reliant on petroleum, has been an OPEC member since 1969. Its crude oil production stands at around 1.1 million barrels/day, but it is also a major gas producer and exporter, with important links to Europe. Hydrocarbons have long been the backbone of the economy, accounting for roughly 60% of budget revenues, 30% of GDP, and over 95% of export earnings. Algeria has the 10th-largest reserves of natural gas in the world and is the sixth-largest gas exporter. The U.S. Energy Information Administration reported that in 2005, Algeria had 4.5 trillion cubic metres (160×10^12 cu ft) of proven natural-gas reserves. It also ranks 16th in oil reserves.Non-hydrocarbon growth for 2011 was projected at 5%. To cope with social demands, the authorities raised expenditure, especially on basic food support, employment creation, support for SMEs, and higher salaries. High hydrocarbon prices have improved the current account and the already large international reserves position.Income from oil and gas rose in 2011 as a result of continuing high oil prices, though the trend in production volume is downwards. Production from the oil and gas sector in terms of volume, continues to decline, dropping from 43.2 million tonnes to 32 million tonnes between 2007 and 2011. Nevertheless, the sector accounted for 98% of the total volume of exports in 2011, against 48% in 1962, and 70% of budgetary receipts, or US$71.4 billion.The Algerian national oil company is Sonatrach, which plays a key role in all aspects of the oil and natural gas sectors in Algeria. All foreign operators must work in partnership with Sonatrach, which usually has majority ownership in production-sharing agreements.Access to biocapacity in Algeria is lower than world average. In 2016, Algeria had 0.53 global hectares of biocapacity per person within its territory, much less than the world average of 1.6 global hectares per person. In 2016 Algeria used 2.4 global hectares of biocapacity per person - their ecological footprint of consumption. This means they use just under 4.5 times as much biocapacity as Algeria contains. As a result, Algeria is running a biocapacity deficit. Algeria has invested an estimated 100 billion dinars towards developing research facilities and paying researchers. This development program is meant to advance alternative energy production, especially solar and wind power. Algeria is estimated to have the largest solar energy potential in the Mediterranean, so the government has funded the creation of a solar science park in Hassi R'Mel. Currently, Algeria has 20,000 research professors at various universities and over 780 research labs, with state-set goals to expand to 1,000. Besides solar energy, areas of research in Algeria include space and satellite telecommunications, nuclear power and medical research. Despite a decline in total unemployment, youth and women unemployment is high. Unemployment particularly affects the young, with a jobless rate of 21.5% among the 15–24 age group.The overall rate of unemployment was 10% in 2011, but remained higher among young people, with a rate of 21.5% for those aged between 15 and 24. The government strengthened in 2011 the job programmes introduced in 1988, in particular in the framework of the programme to aid those seeking work (Dispositif d'Aide à l'Insertion Professionnelle). The development of the tourism sector in Algeria had previously been hampered by a lack of facilities, but since 2004 a broad tourism development strategy has been implemented resulting in many hotels of a high modern standard being built. There are several UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Algeria including Al Qal'a of Beni Hammad, the first capital of the Hammadid empire; Tipasa, a Phoenician and later Roman town; and Djémila and Timgad, both Roman ruins; M'Zab Valley, a limestone valley containing a large urbanized oasis; and the Casbah of Algiers, an important citadel. The only natural World Heritage Site is the Tassili n'Ajjer, a mountain range. The Algerian road network is the densest in Africa; its length is estimated at 180,000 km (110,000 mi) of highways, with more than 3,756 structures and a paving rate of 85%. This network will be complemented by the East-West Highway, a major infrastructure project currently under construction. It is a 3-way, 1,216-kilometre-long (756 mi) highway, linking Annaba in the extreme east to the Tlemcen in the far west. Algeria is also crossed by the Trans-Sahara Highway, which is now completely paved. This road is supported by the Algerian government to increase trade between the six countries crossed: Algeria, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Chad, and Tunisia. In January 2016 Algeria's population was an estimated 40.4 million, who are mainly Arab-Berber ethnically. At the outset of the 20th century, its population was approximately four million. About 90% of Algerians live in the northern, coastal area; the inhabitants of the Sahara desert are mainly concentrated in oases, although some 1.5 million remain nomadic or partly nomadic. 28.1% of Algerians are under the age of 15.Women make up 70% of the country's lawyers and 60% of its judges and also dominate the field of medicine. Increasingly, women are contributing more to household income than men. 60% of university students are women, according to university researchers.Between 90,000 and 165,000 Sahrawis from Western Sahara live in the Sahrawi refugee camps, in the western Algerian Sahara desert. There are also more than 4,000 Palestinian refugees, who are well integrated and have not asked for assistance from the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). In 2009, 35,000 Chinese migrant workers lived in Algeria.The largest concentration of Algerian migrants outside Algeria is in France, which has reportedly over 1.7 million Algerians of up to the second generation. Indigenous Berbers as well as Phoenicians, Romans, Byzantine Greeks, Arabs, Turks, various Sub-Saharan Africans, and French have contributed to the history of Algeria. Descendants of Andalusian refugees are also present in the population of Algiers and other cities. Moreover, Spanish was spoken by these Aragonese and Castillian Morisco descendants deep into the 18th century, and even Catalan was spoken at the same time by Catalan Morisco descendants in the small town of Grish El-Oued. Despite the dominance of the Berber ethnicity in Algeria, the majority of Algerians identify with an Arabic-based identity, especially after the Arab nationalism rising in the 20th century. Berbers and Berber-speaking Algerians are divided into many groups with varying languages. The largest of these are the Kabyles, who live in the Kabylie region east of Algiers, the Chaoui of Northeast Algeria, the Tuaregs in the southern desert and the Shenwa people of North Algeria.During the colonial period, there was a large (10% in 1960) European population who became known as Pied-Noirs. They were primarily of French, Spanish and Italian origin. Almost all of this population left during the war of independence or immediately after its end. Modern Standard Arabic and Berber are the official languages. Algerian Arabic (Darja) is the language used by the majority of the population. Colloquial Algerian Arabic is heavily infused with borrowings from French and Berber. Berber has been recognised as a "national language" by the constitutional amendment of 8 May 2002. Kabyle, the predominant Berber language, is taught and is partially co-official (with a few restrictions) in parts of Kabylie. In February 2016, the Algerian constitution passed a resolution that would make Berber an official language alongside Arabic. Although French has no official status, Algeria is the second-largest Francophone country in the world in terms of speakers, and French is widely used in government, media (newspapers, radio, local television), and both the education system (from primary school onwards) and academia due to Algeria's colonial history. It can be regarded as a lingua franca of Algeria. In 2008, 11.2 million Algerians could read and write in French. An Abassa Institute study in April 2000 found that 60% of households could speak and understand French or 18 million in a population of 30 million then. After an earlier period during which the Algerian government tried to phase out French, in recent decades the government has backtracked and reinforced the study of French, and some television programs are broadcast in the language. Algeria emerged as a bilingual state after 1962. Colloquial Algerian Arabic is spoken by about 72% of the population and Berber by 27–30%. Islam is the predominant religion in Algeria, with its adherents, mostly Sunnis, accounting for 99% of the population according to a 2012 CIA World Factbook estimate, and 97.9% according to Pew Research in 2010. There are about 150,000 Ibadis in the M'zab Valley in the region of Ghardaia. Estimates of the Christian population range from 60,000 to 200,000. Algerian citizens who are Christians predominantly belong to Protestant groups, which have seen increased pressure from the government in recent years including many forced closures.Algeria has given the Muslim world a number of prominent thinkers, including Emir Abdelkader, Abdelhamid Ben Badis, Mouloud Kacem Naît Belkacem, Malek Bennabi and Mohamed Arkoun. In 2002, Algeria had inadequate numbers of physicians (1.13 per 1,000 people), nurses (2.23 per 1,000 people), and dentists (0.31 per 1,000 people). Access to "improved water sources" was limited to 92% of the population in urban areas and 80% of the population in the rural areas. Some 99% of Algerians living in urban areas, but only 82% of those living in rural areas, had access to "improved sanitation". According to the World Bank, Algeria is making progress toward its goal of "reducing by half the number of people without sustainable access to improved drinking water and basic sanitation by 2015". Given Algeria's young population, policy favors preventive health care and clinics over hospitals. In keeping with this policy, the government maintains an immunization program. However, poor sanitation and unclean water still cause tuberculosis, hepatitis, measles, typhoid fever, cholera and dysentery. The poor generally receive health care free of charge.Health records have been maintained in Algeria since 1882 and began adding Muslims living in the south to their vital record database in 1905 during French rule. Since the 1970s, in a centralised system that was designed to significantly reduce the rate of illiteracy, the Algerian government introduced a decree by which school attendance became compulsory for all children aged between 6 and 15 years who have the ability to track their learning through the 20 facilities built since independence, now the literacy rate is around 78.7%. Since 1972, Arabic is used as the language of instruction during the first nine years of schooling. From the third year, French is taught and it is also the language of instruction for science classes. The students can also learn English, Italian, Spanish and German. In 2008, new programs at the elementary appeared, therefore the compulsory schooling does not start at the age of six anymore, but at the age of five. Apart from the 122 private schools, the Universities of the State are free of charge. After nine years of primary school, students can go to the high school or to an educational institution. The school offers two programs: general or technical. At the end of the third year of secondary school, students pass the exam of the baccalaureate, which allows once it is successful to pursue graduate studies in universities and institutes.Education is officially compulsory for children between the ages of six and 15. In 2008, the illiteracy rate for people over 10 was 22.3%, 15.6% for men and 29.0% for women. The province with the lowest rate of illiteracy was Algiers Province at 11.6%, while the province with the highest rate was Djelfa Province at 35.5%.Algeria has 26 universities and 67 institutions of higher education, which must accommodate a million Algerians and 80,000 foreign students in 2008. The University of Algiers, founded in 1879, is the oldest, it offers education in various disciplines (law, medicine, science and letters). 25 of these universities and almost all of the institutions of higher education were founded after the independence of the country. Even if some of them offer instruction in Arabic like areas of law and the economy, most of the other sectors as science and medicine continue to be provided in French and English. Among the most important universities, there are the University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, the University of Mentouri Constantine, and University of Oran Es-Senia. The University of Abou Bekr Belkaïd in Tlemcen and University of Batna Hadj Lakhdar occupy the 26th and 45th row in Africa. Below is a list of the most important Algerian cities: Modern Algerian literature, split between Arabic, Tamazight and French, has been strongly influenced by the country's recent history. Famous novelists of the 20th century include Mohammed Dib, Albert Camus, Kateb Yacine and Ahlam Mosteghanemi while Assia Djebar is widely translated. Among the important novelists of the 1980s were Rachid Mimouni, later vice-president of Amnesty International, and Tahar Djaout, murdered by an Islamist group in 1993 for his secularist views.Malek Bennabi and Frantz Fanon are noted for their thoughts on decolonization; Augustine of Hippo was born in Tagaste (modern-day Souk Ahras); and Ibn Khaldun, though born in Tunis, wrote the Muqaddima while staying in Algeria. The works of the Sanusi family in pre-colonial times, and of Emir Abdelkader and Sheikh Ben Badis in colonial times, are widely noted. The Latin author Apuleius was born in Madaurus (Mdaourouch), in what later became Algeria. Contemporary Algerian cinema is various in terms of genre, exploring a wider range of themes and issues. There has been a transition from cinema which focused on the war of independence to films more concerned with the everyday lives of Algerians. Algerian painters, like Mohamed Racim or Baya, attempted to revive the prestigious Algerian past prior to French colonization, at the same time that they have contributed to the preservation of the authentic values of Algeria. In this line, Mohamed Temam, Abdelkhader Houamel have also returned through this art, scenes from the history of the country, the habits and customs of the past and the country life. Other new artistic currents including the one of M'hamed Issiakhem, Mohammed Khadda and Bachir Yelles, appeared on the scene of Algerian painting, abandoning figurative classical painting to find new pictorial ways, in order to adapt Algerian paintings to the new realities of the country through its struggle and its aspirations. Mohammed Khadda and M'hamed Issiakhem have been notable in recent years. The historic roots of Algerian literature go back to the Numidian and Roman African era, when Apuleius wrote The Golden Ass, the only Latin novel to survive in its entirety. This period had also known Augustine of Hippo, Nonius Marcellus and Martianus Capella, among many others. The Middle Ages have known many Arabic writers who revolutionized the Arab world literature, with authors like Ahmad al-Buni, Ibn Manzur and Ibn Khaldoun, who wrote the Muqaddimah while staying in Algeria, and many others. Albert Camus was an Algerian-born French Pied-Noir author. In 1957 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature. Today Algeria contains, in its literary landscape, big names having not only marked the Algerian literature, but also the universal literary heritage in Arabic and French. As a first step, Algerian literature was marked by works whose main concern was the assertion of the Algerian national entity, there is the publication of novels as the Algerian trilogy of Mohammed Dib, or even Nedjma of Kateb Yacine novel which is often regarded as a monumental and major work. Other known writers will contribute to the emergence of Algerian literature whom include Mouloud Feraoun, Malek Bennabi, Malek Haddad, Moufdi Zakaria, Abdelhamid Ben Badis, Mohamed Laïd Al-Khalifa, Mouloud Mammeri, Frantz Fanon, and Assia Djebar. In the aftermath of the independence, several new authors emerged on the Algerian literary scene, they will attempt through their works to expose a number of social problems, among them there are Rachid Boudjedra, Rachid Mimouni, Leila Sebbar, Tahar Djaout and Tahir Wattar. Currently, a part of Algerian writers tends to be defined in a literature of shocking expression, due to the terrorism that occurred during the 1990s, the other party is defined in a different style of literature who staged an individualistic conception of the human adventure. Among the most noted recent works, there is the writer, the swallows of Kabul and the attack of Yasmina Khadra, the oath of barbarians of Boualem Sansal, memory of the flesh of Ahlam Mosteghanemi and the last novel by Assia Djebar nowhere in my father's House. Chaâbi music is a typically Algerian musical genre characterized by specific rhythms and of Qacidate (popular poems) in Arabic dialect. The undisputed master of this music is El Hadj M'Hamed El Anka. The Constantinois Malouf style is saved by musician from whom Mohamed Tahar Fergani is a performer. Folk music styles include Bedouin music, characterized by the poetic songs based on long kacida (poems); Kabyle music, based on a rich repertoire that is poetry and old tales passed through generations; Shawiya music, a folklore from diverse areas of the Aurès Mountains. Rahaba music style is unique to the Aures. Souad Massi is a rising Algerian folk singer. Other Algerian singers of the diaspora include Manel Filali in Germany and Kenza Farah in France. Tergui music is sung in Tuareg languages generally, Tinariwen

Each province, district, and municipality is named after its seat, which is usually the largest city. The administrative divisions have changed several times since independence. When introducing new provinces, the numbers of old provinces are kept, hence the non-alphabetical order. With their official numbers, currently (since 1983) they are Algeria is classified as an upper middle income country by the World Bank. Algeria's currency is the dinar (DZD). The economy remains dominated by the state, a legacy of the country's socialist post-independence development model. In recent years, the Algerian government has halted the privatization of state-owned industries and imposed restrictions on imports and foreign involvement in its economy. These restrictions are just starting to be lifted off recently although questions about Algeria's slowly-diversifying economy remain. Algeria has struggled to develop industries outside hydrocarbons in part because of high costs and an inert state bureaucracy. The government's efforts to diversify the economy by attracting foreign and domestic investment outside the energy sector have done little to reduce high youth unemployment rates or to address housing shortages. The country is facing a number of short-term and medium-term problems, including the need to diversify the economy, strengthen political, economic and financial reforms, improve the business climate and reduce inequalities amongst regions.A wave of economic protests in February and March 2011 prompted the Algerian government to offer more than $23 billion in public grants and retroactive salary and benefit increases. Public spending has increased by 27% annually during the past 5 years. The 2010–14 public-investment programme will cost US$286 billion, 40% of which will go to human development. The Algerian economy grew by 2.6% in 2011, driven by public spending, in particular in the construction and public-works sector, and by growing internal demand. If hydrocarbons are excluded, growth has been estimated at 4.8%. Growth of 3% is expected in 2012, rising to 4.2% in 2013. The rate of inflation was 4% and the budget deficit 3% of GDP. The current-account surplus is estimated at 9.3% of GDP and at the end of December 2011, official reserves were put at US$182 billion. Inflation, the lowest in the region, has remained stable at 4% on average between 2003 and 2007. In 2011 Algeria announced a budgetary surplus of $26.9 billion, 62% increase in comparison to 2010 surplus. In general, the country exported $73 billion worth of commodities while it imported $46 billion.Thanks to strong hydrocarbon revenues, Algeria has a cushion of $173 billion in foreign currency reserves and a large hydrocarbon stabilization fund. In addition, Algeria's external debt is extremely low at about 2% of GDP. The economy remains very dependent on hydrocarbon wealth, and, despite high foreign exchange reserves (US$178 billion, equivalent to three years of imports), current expenditure growth makes Algeria's budget more vulnerable to the risk of prolonged lower hydrocarbon revenues.In 2011, the agricultural sector and services recorded growth of 10% and 5.3%, respectively. About 14% of the labor force are employed in the agricultural sector. Fiscal policy in 2011 remained expansionist and made it possible to maintain the pace of public investment and to contain the strong demand for jobs and housing.Algeria has not joined the WTO, despite several years of negotiations.In March 2006, Russia agreed to erase $4.74 billion of Algeria's Soviet-era debt during a visit by Russian President Vladimir Putin to the country, the first by a Russian leader in half a century. In return, Algerian President Abdelaziz Bouteflika agreed to buy $7.5 billion worth of combat planes, air-defence systems and other arms from Russia, according to the head of Russia's state arms exporter Rosoboronexport.Dubai-based conglomerate Emarat Dzayer Group said it had signed a joint venture agreement to develop a $1.6 billion steel factory in Algeria. Algeria, whose economy is reliant on petroleum, has been an OPEC member since 1969. Its crude oil production stands at around 1.1 million barrels/day, but it is also a major gas producer and exporter, with important links to Europe. Hydrocarbons have long been the backbone of the economy, accounting for roughly 60% of budget revenues, 30% of GDP, and over 95% of export earnings. Algeria has the 10th-largest reserves of natural gas in the world and is the sixth-largest gas exporter. The U.S. Energy Information Administration reported that in 2005, Algeria had 4.5 trillion cubic metres (160×10^12 cu ft) of proven natural-gas reserves. It also ranks 16th in oil reserves.Non-hydrocarbon growth for 2011 was projected at 5%. To cope with social demands, the authorities raised expenditure, especially on basic food support, employment creation, support for SMEs, and higher salaries. High hydrocarbon prices have improved the current account and the already large international reserves position.Income from oil and gas rose in 2011 as a result of continuing high oil prices, though the trend in production volume is downwards. Production from the oil and gas sector in terms of volume, continues to decline, dropping from 43.2 million tonnes to 32 million tonnes between 2007 and 2011. Nevertheless, the sector accounted for 98% of the total volume of exports in 2011, against 48% in 1962, and 70% of budgetary receipts, or US$71.4 billion.The Algerian national oil company is Sonatrach, which plays a key role in all aspects of the oil and natural gas sectors in Algeria. All foreign operators must work in partnership with Sonatrach, which usually has majority ownership in production-sharing agreements.Access to biocapacity in Algeria is lower than world average. In 2016, Algeria had 0.53 global hectares of biocapacity per person within its territory, much less than the world average of 1.6 global hectares per person. In 2016 Algeria used 2.4 global hectares of biocapacity per person - their ecological footprint of consumption. This means they use just under 4.5 times as much biocapacity as Algeria contains. As a result, Algeria is running a biocapacity deficit. Algeria has invested an estimated 100 billion dinars towards developing research facilities and paying researchers. This development program is meant to advance alternative energy production, especially solar and wind power. Algeria is estimated to have the largest solar energy potential in the Mediterranean, so the government has funded the creation of a solar science park in Hassi R'Mel. Currently, Algeria has 20,000 research professors at various universities and over 780 research labs, with state-set goals to expand to 1,000. Besides solar energy, areas of research in Algeria include space and satellite telecommunications, nuclear power and medical research. Despite a decline in total unemployment, youth and women unemployment is high. Unemployment particularly affects the young, with a jobless rate of 21.5% among the 15–24 age group.The overall rate of unemployment was 10% in 2011, but remained higher among young people, with a rate of 21.5% for those aged between 15 and 24. The government strengthened in 2011 the job programmes introduced in 1988, in particular in the framework of the programme to aid those seeking work (Dispositif d'Aide à l'Insertion Professionnelle). The development of the tourism sector in Algeria had previously been hampered by a lack of facilities, but since 2004 a broad tourism development strategy has been implemented resulting in many hotels of a high modern standard being built. There are several UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Algeria including Al Qal'a of Beni Hammad, the first capital of the Hammadid empire; Tipasa, a Phoenician and later Roman town; and Djémila and Timgad, both Roman ruins; M'Zab Valley, a limestone valley containing a large urbanized oasis; and the Casbah of Algiers, an important citadel. The only natural World Heritage Site is the Tassili n'Ajjer, a mountain range. The Algerian road network is the densest in Africa; its length is estimated at 180,000 km (110,000 mi) of highways, with more than 3,756 structures and a paving rate of 85%. This network will be complemented by the East-West Highway, a major infrastructure project currently under construction. It is a 3-way, 1,216-kilometre-long (756 mi) highway, linking Annaba in the extreme east to the Tlemcen in the far west. Algeria is also crossed by the Trans-Sahara Highway, which is now completely paved. This road is supported by the Algerian government to increase trade between the six countries crossed: Algeria, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Chad, and Tunisia. In January 2016 Algeria's population was an estimated 40.4 million, who are mainly Arab-Berber ethnically. At the outset of the 20th century, its population was approximately four million. About 90% of Algerians live in the northern, coastal area; the inhabitants of the Sahara desert are mainly concentrated in oases, although some 1.5 million remain nomadic or partly nomadic. 28.1% of Algerians are under the age of 15.Women make up 70% of the country's lawyers and 60% of its judges and also dominate the field of medicine. Increasingly, women are contributing more to household income than men. 60% of university students are women, according to university researchers.Between 90,000 and 165,000 Sahrawis from Western Sahara live in the Sahrawi refugee camps, in the western Algerian Sahara desert. There are also more than 4,000 Palestinian refugees, who are well integrated and have not asked for assistance from the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). In 2009, 35,000 Chinese migrant workers lived in Algeria.The largest concentration of Algerian migrants outside Algeria is in France, which has reportedly over 1.7 million Algerians of up to the second generation. Indigenous Berbers as well as Phoenicians, Romans, Byzantine Greeks, Arabs, Turks, various Sub-Saharan Africans, and French have contributed to the history of Algeria. Descendants of Andalusian refugees are also present in the population of Algiers and other cities. Moreover, Spanish was spoken by these Aragonese and Castillian Morisco descendants deep into the 18th century, and even Catalan was spoken at the same time by Catalan Morisco descendants in the small town of Grish El-Oued. Despite the dominance of the Berber ethnicity in Algeria, the majority of Algerians identify with an Arabic-based identity, especially after the Arab nationalism rising in the 20th century. Berbers and Berber-speaking Algerians are divided into many groups with varying languages. The largest of these are the Kabyles, who live in the Kabylie region east of Algiers, the Chaoui of Northeast Algeria, the Tuaregs in the southern desert and the Shenwa people of North Algeria.During the colonial period, there was a large (10% in 1960) European population who became known as Pied-Noirs. They were primarily of French, Spanish and Italian origin. Almost all of this population left during the war of independence or immediately after its end. Modern Standard Arabic and Berber are the official languages. Algerian Arabic (Darja) is the language used by the majority of the population. Colloquial Algerian Arabic is heavily infused with borrowings from French and Berber. Berber has been recognised as a "national language" by the constitutional amendment of 8 May 2002. Kabyle, the predominant Berber language, is taught and is partially co-official (with a few restrictions) in parts of Kabylie. In February 2016, the Algerian constitution passed a resolution that would make Berber an official language alongside Arabic. Although French has no official status, Algeria is the second-largest Francophone country in the world in terms of speakers, and French is widely used in government, media (newspapers, radio, local television), and both the education system (from primary school onwards) and academia due to Algeria's colonial history. It can be regarded as a lingua franca of Algeria. In 2008, 11.2 million Algerians could read and write in French. An Abassa Institute study in April 2000 found that 60% of households could speak and understand French or 18 million in a population of 30 million then. After an earlier period during which the Algerian government tried to phase out French, in recent decades the government has backtracked and reinforced the study of French, and some television programs are broadcast in the language. Algeria emerged as a bilingual state after 1962. Colloquial Algerian Arabic is spoken by about 72% of the population and Berber by 27–30%. Islam is the predominant religion in Algeria, with its adherents, mostly Sunnis, accounting for 99% of the population according to a 2012 CIA World Factbook estimate, and 97.9% according to Pew Research in 2010. There are about 150,000 Ibadis in the M'zab Valley in the region of Ghardaia. Estimates of the Christian population range from 60,000 to 200,000. Algerian citizens who are Christians predominantly belong to Protestant groups, which have seen increased pressure from the government in recent years including many forced closures.Algeria has given the Muslim world a number of prominent thinkers, including Emir Abdelkader, Abdelhamid Ben Badis, Mouloud Kacem Naît Belkacem, Malek Bennabi and Mohamed Arkoun. In 2002, Algeria had inadequate numbers of physicians (1.13 per 1,000 people), nurses (2.23 per 1,000 people), and dentists (0.31 per 1,000 people). Access to "improved water sources" was limited to 92% of the population in urban areas and 80% of the population in the rural areas. Some 99% of Algerians living in urban areas, but only 82% of those living in rural areas, had access to "improved sanitation". According to the World Bank, Algeria is making progress toward its goal of "reducing by half the number of people without sustainable access to improved drinking water and basic sanitation by 2015". Given Algeria's young population, policy favors preventive health care and clinics over hospitals. In keeping with this policy, the government maintains an immunization program. However, poor sanitation and unclean water still cause tuberculosis, hepatitis, measles, typhoid fever, cholera and dysentery. The poor generally receive health care free of charge.Health records have been maintained in Algeria since 1882 and began adding Muslims living in the south to their vital record database in 1905 during French rule. Since the 1970s, in a centralised system that was designed to significantly reduce the rate of illiteracy, the Algerian government introduced a decree by which school attendance became compulsory for all children aged between 6 and 15 years who have the ability to track their learning through the 20 facilities built since independence, now the literacy rate is around 78.7%. Since 1972, Arabic is used as the language of instruction during the first nine years of schooling. From the third year, French is taught and it is also the language of instruction for science classes. The students can also learn English, Italian, Spanish and German. In 2008, new programs at the elementary appeared, therefore the compulsory schooling does not start at the age of six anymore, but at the age of five. Apart from the 122 private schools, the Universities of the State are free of charge. After nine years of primary school, students can go to the high school or to an educational institution. The school offers two programs: general or technical. At the end of the third year of secondary school, students pass the exam of the baccalaureate, which allows once it is successful to pursue graduate studies in universities and institutes.Education is officially compulsory for children between the ages of six and 15. In 2008, the illiteracy rate for people over 10 was 22.3%, 15.6% for men and 29.0% for women. The province with the lowest rate of illiteracy was Algiers Province at 11.6%, while the province with the highest rate was Djelfa Province at 35.5%.Algeria has 26 universities and 67 institutions of higher education, which must accommodate a million Algerians and 80,000 foreign students in 2008. The University of Algiers, founded in 1879, is the oldest, it offers education in various disciplines (law, medicine, science and letters). 25 of these universities and almost all of the institutions of higher education were founded after the independence of the country. Even if some of them offer instruction in Arabic like areas of law and the economy, most of the other sectors as science and medicine continue to be provided in French and English. Among the most important universities, there are the University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, the University of Mentouri Constantine, and University of Oran Es-Senia. The University of Abou Bekr Belkaïd in Tlemcen and University of Batna Hadj Lakhdar occupy the 26th and 45th row in Africa. Below is a list of the most important Algerian cities: Modern Algerian literature, split between Arabic, Tamazight and French, has been strongly influenced by the country's recent history. Famous novelists of the 20th century include Mohammed Dib, Albert Camus, Kateb Yacine and Ahlam Mosteghanemi while Assia Djebar is widely translated. Among the important novelists of the 1980s were Rachid Mimouni, later vice-president of Amnesty International, and Tahar Djaout, murdered by an Islamist group in 1993 for his secularist views.Malek Bennabi and Frantz Fanon are noted for their thoughts on decolonization; Augustine of Hippo was born in Tagaste (modern-day Souk Ahras); and Ibn Khaldun, though born in Tunis, wrote the Muqaddima while staying in Algeria. The works of the Sanusi family in pre-colonial times, and of Emir Abdelkader and Sheikh Ben Badis in colonial times, are widely noted. The Latin author Apuleius was born in Madaurus (Mdaourouch), in what later became Algeria. Contemporary Algerian cinema is various in terms of genre, exploring a wider range of themes and issues. There has been a transition from cinema which focused on the war of independence to films more concerned with the everyday lives of Algerians. Algerian painters, like Mohamed Racim or Baya, attempted to revive the prestigious Algerian past prior to French colonization, at the same time that they have contributed to the preservation of the authentic values of Algeria. In this line, Mohamed Temam, Abdelkhader Houamel have also returned through this art, scenes from the history of the country, the habits and customs of the past and the country life. Other new artistic currents including the one of M'hamed Issiakhem, Mohammed Khadda and Bachir Yelles, appeared on the scene of Algerian painting, abandoning figurative classical painting to find new pictorial ways, in order to adapt Algerian paintings to the new realities of the country through its struggle and its aspirations. Mohammed Khadda and M'hamed Issiakhem have been notable in recent years. The historic roots of Algerian literature go back to the Numidian and Roman African era, when Apuleius wrote The Golden Ass, the only Latin novel to survive in its entirety. This period had also known Augustine of Hippo, Nonius Marcellus and Martianus Capella, among many others. The Middle Ages have known many Arabic writers who revolutionized the Arab world literature, with authors like Ahmad al-Buni, Ibn Manzur and Ibn Khaldoun, who wrote the Muqaddimah while staying in Algeria, and many others. Albert Camus was an Algerian-born French Pied-Noir author. In 1957 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature. Today Algeria contains, in its literary landscape, big names having not only marked the Algerian literature, but also the universal literary heritage in Arabic and French. As a first step, Algerian literature was marked by works whose main concern was the assertion of the Algerian national entity, there is the publication of novels as the Algerian trilogy of Mohammed Dib, or even Nedjma of Kateb Yacine novel which is often regarded as a monumental and major work. Other known writers will contribute to the emergence of Algerian literature whom include Mouloud Feraoun, Malek Bennabi, Malek Haddad, Moufdi Zakaria, Abdelhamid Ben Badis, Mohamed Laïd Al-Khalifa, Mouloud Mammeri, Frantz Fanon, and Assia Djebar. In the aftermath of the independence, several new authors emerged on the Algerian literary scene, they will attempt through their works to expose a number of social problems, among them there are Rachid Boudjedra, Rachid Mimouni, Leila Sebbar, Tahar Djaout and Tahir Wattar. Currently, a part of Algerian writers tends to be defined in a literature of shocking expression, due to the terrorism that occurred during the 1990s, the other party is defined in a different style of literature who staged an individualistic conception of the human adventure. Among the most noted recent works, there is the writer, the swallows of Kabul and the attack of Yasmina Khadra, the oath of barbarians of Boualem Sansal, memory of the flesh of Ahlam Mosteghanemi and the last novel by Assia Djebar nowhere in my father's House. Chaâbi music is a typically Algerian musical genre characterized by specific rhythms and of Qacidate (popular poems) in Arabic dialect. The undisputed master of this music is El Hadj M'Hamed El Anka. The Constantinois Malouf style is saved by musician from whom Mohamed Tahar Fergani is a performer. Folk music styles include Bedouin music, characterized by the poetic songs based on long kacida (poems); Kabyle music, based on a rich repertoire that is poetry and old tales passed through generations; Shawiya music, a folklore from diverse areas of the Aurès Mountains. Rahaba music style is unique to the Aures. Souad Massi is a rising Algerian folk singer. Other Algerian singers of the diaspora include Manel Filali in Germany and Kenza Farah in France. Tergui music is sung in Tuareg languages generally, Tinariwen had a worldwide success. Finally, the staïfi music is born in Sétif and remains a unique style of its kind. Modern music is available in several facets, Raï music is a style typical of western Algeria. Rap, a relatively recent style in Algeria, is experiencing significant growth. The Algerian state's interest in film-industry activities can be seen in the annual budget of DZD 200 million (EUR 1.3 million) allocated to production, specific measures and an ambitious programme plan implemented by the Ministry of Culture in order to promote national production, renovate the cinema stock and remedy the weak links in distribution and exploitation. The financial support provided by the state, through the Fund for the Development of the Arts, Techniques and the Film Industry (FDATIC) and the Algerian Agency for Cultural Influence (AARC), plays a key role in the promotion of national production. Between 2007 and 2013, FDATIC subsidised 98 films (feature films, documentaries and short films). In mid-2013, AARC had already supported a total of 78 films, including 42 feature films, 6 short films and 30 documentaries. According to the European Audiovisual Observatory's LUMIERE database, 41 Algerian films were distributed in Europe between 1996 and 2013; 21 films in this repertoire were Algerian-French co-productions. Days of Glory (2006) and Outside the Law (2010) recorded the highest number of admissions in the European Union, 3,172,612 and 474,722, respectively.Algeria won the Palme d'Or for Chronicle of the Years of Fire (1975), two Oscars for Z (1969), and other awards for the Italian-Algerian movie The Battle of Algiers. Algerian cuisine is rich and diverse. The country was considered as the "granary of Rome". It offers a component of dishes and varied dishes, depending on the region and according to the seasons. The cuisine uses cereals as the main products, since they are always produced with abundance in the country. There is not a dish where cereals are not present. Algerian cuisine varies from one region to another, according to seasonal vegetables. It can be prepared using meat, fish and vegetables. Among the dishes known, couscous, chorba, rechta, chakhchoukha, berkoukes, shakshouka, mthewem, chtitha, mderbel, dolma, brik or bourek, garantita, lham'hlou, etc. Merguez sausage is widely used in Algeria, but it differs, depending on the region and on the added spices. Cakes are marketed and can be found in cities either in Algeria, in Europe or North America. However, traditional cakes are also made at home, following the habits and customs of each family. Among these cakes, there are Tamina, Baklawa, Chrik, Garn logzelles, Griouech, Kalb el-louz, Makroud, Mbardja, Mchewek, Samsa, Tcharak, Baghrir, Khfaf, Zlabia, Aarayech, Ghroubiya and Mghergchette. Algerian pastry also contains Tunisian or French cakes. Marketed and home-made bread products include varieties such as Kessra or Khmira or Harchaya, chopsticks and so-called washers Khoubz dar or Matloue. Other traditional meals sold often as street food include mhadjeb or mahjouba, karantika, doubara, chakhchoukha, hassouna, and t'chicha. Various games have existed in Algeria since antiquity. In the Aures, people played several games such as El Kherba or El khergueba (chess variant). Playing cards, checkers and chess games are part of Algerian culture. Racing (fantasia) and rifle shooting are part of cultural recreation of the Algerians.The first Algerian and African gold medalist is Boughera El Ouafi in 1928 Olympics of Amsterdam in the Marathon. The second Algerian Medalist was Alain Mimoun in 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne. Several men and women were champions in athletics in the 1990s including Noureddine Morceli, Hassiba Boulmerka, Nouria Merah-Benida, and Taoufik Makhloufi, all specialized in middle-distance running.Football is the most popular sport in Algeria. Several names are engraved in the history of the sport, including Lakhdar Belloumi, Rachid Mekhloufi, Hassen Lalmas, Rabah Madjer, Salah Assad and Djamel Zidane. The Algeria national football team qualified for the 1982 FIFA World Cup, 1986 FIFA World Cup, 2010 FIFA World Cup and 2014 FIFA World Cup. In addition, several football clubs have won continental and international trophies as the club ES Sétif or JS Kabylia. The Algerian Football Federation is an association of Algeria football clubs organizing national competitions and international matches of the selection of Algeria national football team. In computer science, arbitrary-precision arithmetic, also called bignum arithmetic, multiple-precision arithmetic, or sometimes infinite-precision arithmetic, indicates that calculations are performed on numbers whose digits of precision are limited only by the available memory of the host system. This contrasts with the faster fixed-precision arithmetic found in most arithmetic logic unit (ALU) hardware, which typically offers between 8 and 64 bits of precision. Several modern programming languages have built-in support for bignums, and others have libraries available for arbitrary-precision integer and floating-point math. Rather than store values as a fixed number of bits related to the size of the processor register, these implementations typically use variable-length arrays of digits. Arbitrary precision is used in applications where the speed of arithmetic is not a limiting factor, or where precise results with very large numbers are required. It should not be confused with the symbolic computation provided by many computer algebra systems, which represent numbers by expressions such as π·sin(2), and can thus represent any computable number with infinite precision. A common application is public-key cryptography, whose algorithms commonly employ arithmetic with integers having hundreds of digits. Another is in situations where artificial limits and overflows would be inappropriate. It is also useful for checking the results of fixed-precision calculations, and for determining optimal or near-optimal values for coefficients needed in formulae, for example the √⅓ that appears in Gaussian integration.Arbitrary precision arithmetic is also used to compute fundamental mathematical constants such as π to millions or more digits and to analyze the properties of the digit strings or more generally to investigate the precise behaviour of functions such as the Riemann zeta function where certain questions are difficult to explore via analytical methods. Another example is in rendering fractal images with an extremely high magnification, such as those found in the Mandelbrot set. Arbitrary-precision arithmetic can also be used to avoid overflow, which is an inherent limitation of fixed-precision arithmetic. Similar to a 5-digit odometer's display which changes from 99999 to 00000, a fixed-precision integer may exhibit wraparound if numbers grow too large to represent at the fixed level of precision. Some processors can instead deal with overflow by saturation, which means that if a result would be unrepresentable, it is replaced with the nearest representable value. (With 16-bit unsigned saturation, adding any positive amount to 65535 would yield 65535.) Some processors can generate an exception if an arithmetic result exceeds the available precision. Where necessary, the exception can be caught and recovered from—for instance, the operation could be restarted in software using arbitrary-precision arithmetic. In many cases, the task or the programmer can guarantee that the integer values in a specific application will not grow large enough to cause an overflow. Such guarantees may be based on pragmatic limits: a school attendance program may have a task limit of 4,000 students. A programmer may design the computation so that intermediate results stay within specified precision boundaries. Some programming languages such as Lisp, Python, Perl, Haskell and Ruby use, or have an option to use, arbitrary-precision numbers for all integer arithmetic. Although this reduces performance, it eliminates the possibility of incorrect results (or exceptions) due to simple overflow. It also makes it possible to guarantee that arithmetic results will be the same on all machines, regardless of any particular machine's word size. The exclusive use of arbitrary-precision numbers in a programming language also simplifies the language, because a number is a number and there is no need for multiple types to represent different levels of precision. Arbitrary-precision arithmetic is considerably slower than arithmetic using numbers that fit entirely within processor registers, since the latter are usually implemented in hardware arithmetic whereas the former must be implemented in software. Even if the computer lacks hardware for certain operations (such as integer division, or all floating-point operations) and software is provided instead, it will use number sizes closely related to the available hardware registers: one or two words only and definitely not N words. There are exceptions, as certain variable word length machines of the 1950s and 1960s, notably the IBM 1620, IBM 1401 and the Honeywell Liberator series, could manipulate numbers bound only by available storage, with an extra bit that delimited the value. Numbers can be stored in a fixed-point format, or in a floating-point format as a significand multiplied by an arbitrary exponent. However, since division almost immediately introduces infinitely repeating sequences of digits (such as 4/7 in decimal, or 1/10 in binary), should this possibility arise then either the representation would be truncated at some satisfactory size or else rational numbers would be used: a large integer for the numerator and for the denominator. But even with the greatest common divisor divided out, arithmetic with rational numbers can become unwieldy very quickly: 1/99 − 1/100 = 1/9900, and if 1/101 is then added, the result is 10001/999900. The size of arbitrary-precision numbers is limited in practice by the total storage available

We don't really know much about what Shakespeare read, but the stories in his plays come from popular novels of the time. Romeo and Juliet comes from a verse-novel by Arthur Brooke, Romeus and Juliet.

Shakespeare also seems to have loved history books. His history plays are based on Holinshed's Chronicles, Hamlet is from Saxo Grammaticus' History of Denmark, and his Roman and Greek plays come from the Greek historian Plutarch.

Shakespeare was very familiar with contemporary dramatists - as you would expect. His favourite Latin poet seems to have been Ovid (there was a famous translation by William Golding, which everybody loved), and among English poets he seems to have a soft spot for Chaucer and Gower.

Shakespeare never says anything nice about Edmund Spenser (who was the big cheese in English poetry around Shakespeare's time). I think I agree with him there.

There are 2090 words that contain "ei" if you count all of the following:

Words that start with capitol letters are proper nouns.

Words that are in ALL CAPS are abbreviations.

Not counting abbreviations and proper nouns, there are 1767 words.

DOEI

REIT

Aeneid

Aleichem

Alexei

Alzheimer

Alzheimer's

Alzheimers

Ameiuridae

Ameiurus

Anaheim

Andrei

Aneides

Apuleius

Araneida

Ardeidae

Argyreia

Bahrein

Bahreini

Batoidei

Beiderbecke

Beijing

Beira

Beirut

Bernstein

Biedermeier

Blenheim

Blitzstein

Bloemfontein

Boeing

Bouyei

Brandeis

Braunschweig

Breiz

Bridalveil

Brunei

Bruneian

Bruneians

Budweiser

Burmeisteria

Cassiopeia

Castilleia

Ceiba

Cepheid

Cheilanthes

Cheiranthus

Chordeiles

Cleistes

Clupeidae

Coreidae

Corneille

Creighton

Cypraeidae

Deidre

Deimos

Deirdre

Deity

Diomedeidae

Dreiser

Dreissena

Durkheim

Echeneididae

Echeneis

EiB

Eibit

Eichhornia

Eichmann

Eiffel

Eigen

Eight

Eijkman

Eileen

Eimeriidae

Eindhoven

Einstein

Einsteinian

Einsteins

Einthoven

Eira

Eire

Eisenhower

Eisenstaedt

Eisenstein

Eisner

Elaeis

Epstein

Erinaceidae

Eyeish

Fahrenheit

Fahrenheits

Feifer

Fleischer

Florsheim

Frankenstein

Frankensteins

Fraulein

Frauleins

Freida

Ganoidei

Gasterosteidae

Geiger

Geisel

Gerreidae

Gleichenia

Gleicheniaceae

Guggenheim

Haemoproteidae

Hammerstein

Hargeisa

Hebei

Heidegger

Heidelberg

Heidi

Heifetz

Heilong

Heimdal

Heimdall

Heimdallr

Heimlich

Heine

Heineken

Heinlein

Heinrich

Heinz

Heisenberg

Heisman

Hodeida

Holbein

Holstein

Holstein-Friesian

Holsteins

Hopei

Hotei

Hussein

Huxleian

Hygeia

Keillor

Keisha

Keith

Khomeini

Klein

Kleist

Koweit

Kreisler

Kwajalein

Lakeisha

Landsteiner

Leibnitz

Leibnitzian

Leibniz

Leibnizian

Leicester

Leicesters

Leicestershire

Leiden

Leif

Leigh

Leila

Leiopelma

Leiopelmatidae

Leiophyllum

Leipzig

Leishmania

Leitneria

Leitneriaceae

Lepisosteidae

Lichtenstein

Liechtenstein

Liechtensteiner

Liechtensteiners

Limeira

Lindheimera

Lorelei

Lygaeidae

MacLeish

Macrocheira

Madeira

Madeiras

Madeleine

Manichaeism

Mannheim

Manteidae

Mantineia

Marseillaise

Marseillaises

Marseille

Marseilles

McNeil

McVeigh

Meier

Meighen

Meiji

Meir

Meissner

Meitner

Mikir-Meithei

Moulmein

Myxinoidei

Nageia

Neil

Nereid

Nikkei

Nisei

Niseis

Oesterreich

Oneida

Oneidas

O'Neil

O'Neill

Oppenheimer

Osteichthyes

Ostreidae

Paracheirodon

Paradisaeidae

Parseeism

Pei

Peiping

Peirce

Peireskia

Peneidae

Perseid

Pheidias

Plataleidae

Pleiades

Pleione

Pleiospilos

Pleistocene

Ploceidae

Pompeian

Pompeians

Pompeii

Poseidon

Proteidae

Raleigh

Rayleigh

Reich

Reichstein

Reid

Reilly

Reims

Reinaldo

Reinhardt

Reinhold

Reiter

Reithrodontomys

Rheidae

Rheiformes

Rheims

Rhein

Rheingau

Rheinland

Rosenzweig

Rottweiler

Rubinstein

Satureia

Scarabaeidae

Schleiden

Schneider

Schonbein

Schumann-Heink

Schweitzer

Schweiz

Scleroparei

Seiko

Seine

Seinfeld

Seismosaurus

Seiurus

Sergei

Sheila

Silverstein

Siqueiros

Soleidae

Soleirolia

Sondheim

Steichen

Stein

Steinbeck

Steinberg

Steinem

Steiner

Steinman

Steinmetz

Steinway

Stichaeidae

Streisand

Stroheim

Stromateidae

Sturmabteilung

Suleiman

Taipei

Teiidae

Teleostei

Theia

Theiler

Tineidae

Trondheim

Waldheim

Wallenstein

Wei

Weierstrass

Weil

Weill

Weimar

Weimaraner

Weinberg

Weird

Weismann

Weiss

Weissbier

Weisshorn

Weizenbier

Weizenbock

Weizmann

Wittgenstein

Wittgensteinian

Yenisei

Yeniseian

Yenisei-Samoyed

Zeidae

Zeitgeist

Zollverein

Zweig

abseil

abseiled

abseiling

abseils

absenteeism

absenteeisms

acrolein

acroleins

aculei

agapeic

ageing

ageings

ageism

ageisms

ageist

ageists

agreeing

airfreight

airfreighted

airfreighting

airfreights

albeit

allogeneic

amenorrheic

aniseikonia

aniseikonias

aniseikonic

anteing

antiapartheid

antiapartheids

anticounterfeiting

antiforeign

antiforeigner

antiseizure

apartheid

apartheids

apneic

apnoeic

apodeictic

apogeic

apolipoprotein

apolipoproteins

apperceive

apperceived

apperceives

apperceiving

appliqueing

araneid

araneids

areic

atheism

atheisms

atheist

atheistic

atheistical

atheistically

atheists

aurei

aweigh

aweing

bantamweight

bantamweights

beige

beiges

beignet

beignets

beigy

being

beings

bingeing

birdieing

blueing

blueings

blueish

boogieing

braunschweiger

braunschweigers

buddleia

buddleias

caducei

caffein

caffeinated

caffeine

caffeines

caffeins

calcanei

canoeing

canoeist

canoeists

caseic

casein

caseinate

caseinates

caseins

casteism

casteisms

ceiba

ceibas

ceil

ceiled

ceiler

ceilers

ceiling

ceilinged

ceilings

ceilometer

ceilometers

ceils

ceinture

ceintures

cepheid

cepheids

chasseing

checkrein

checkreins

chivareeing

choreic

choreiform

chromoprotein

chromoproteins

cicisbei

cicisbeism

cicisbeisms

cleidoic

cleistogamic

cleistogamies

cleistogamous

cleistogamously

cleistogamy

cleveite

cleveites

clueing

clupeid

clupeids

clypei

codeia

codeias

codein

codeina

codeinas

codeine

codeines

codeins

coheir

coheiress

coheiresses

coheirs

conceit

conceited

conceitedly

conceitedness

conceitednesses

conceiting

conceits

conceivabilities

conceivability

conceivable

conceivableness

conceivablenesses

conceivably

conceive

conceived

conceiver

conceivers

conceives

conceiving

concertmeister

concertmeisters

congeeing

contemporaneities

contemporaneity

cooeeing

corbeil

corbeille

corbeilles

corbeils

coreign

coreigns

corporeities

corporeity

coryphaei

counterfeit

counterfeited

counterfeiter

counterfeiters

counterfeiting

counterfeits

countersurveillance

countersurveillances

counterweight

counterweighted

counterweighting

counterweights

crocein

croceine

croceines

croceins

cruiserweight

cruiserweights

cruzeiro

cruzeiros

cueing

cuneiform

cuneiforms

cystein

cysteine

cysteines

cysteins

deadweight

deadweights

decaffeinate

decaffeinated

decaffeinates

decaffeinating

decaffeination

decaffeinations

deceit

deceitful

deceitfully

deceitfulness

deceitfulnesses

deceits

deceivable

deceive

deceived

deceiver

deceivers

deceives

deceiving

deceivingly

decreeing

deice

deiced

deicer

deicers

deices

deicidal

deicide

deicides

deicing

deictic

deific

deifical

deification

deifications

deified

deifier

deifiers

deifies

deiform

deify

deifying

deign

deigned

deigning

deigns

deil

deils

deindustrialization

deindustrializations

deindustrialize

deindustrialized

deindustrializes

deindustrializing

deinonychus

deinonychuses

deinstitutionalization

deinstitutionalizations

deinstitutionalize

deinstitutionalized

deinstitutionalizes

deinstitutionalizing

deionization

deionizations

deionize

deionized

deionizer

deionizers

deionizes

deionizing

deism

deisms

deist

deistic

deistical

deistically

deists

deities

deity

deixis

deixises

deleing

deltoidei

devein

deveined

deveining

deveins

diaphaneities

diaphaneity

diarrheic

dieing

disagreeing

disseise

disseised

disseises

disseisin

disseising

disseisins

disseisor

disseisors

disseize

disseized

disseizes

disseizin

disseizing

disseizins

ditheism

ditheisms

ditheist

ditheists

dreeing

dreich

dreidel

dreidels

dreidl

dreidls

dreigh

dyeing

dyeings

dynein

dyneins

dysmenorrheic

dyspneic

edelweiss

edelweisses

eicosanoid

eicosanoids

eide

eider

eiderdown

eiderdowns

eiders

eidetic

eidetically

eidola

eidolic

eidolon

eidolons

eidos

eigenmode

eigenmodes

eigenvalue

eigenvalues

eigenvector

eigenvectors

eight

eightball

eightballs

eighteen

eighteens

eighteenth

eighteenths

eightfold

eighth

eighthly

eighths

eighties

eightieth

eightieths

eights

eightvo

eightvos

eighty

eikon

eikones

eikons

einkorn

einkorns

einstein

einsteinium

einsteiniums

einsteins

eirenic

eisegeses

eisegesis

eisteddfod

eisteddfodau

eisteddfodic

eisteddfods

eiswein

eisweins

either

emceeing

enceinte

enceintes

epeeist

epeeists

epeiric

epeirogenic

epeirogenically

epeirogenies

epeirogeny

epigeic

epopoeia

epopoeias

eupneic

eupnoeic

extemporaneities

extemporaneity

eyeing

fadein

fadeins

farseeing

featherweight

featherweights

feeing

feign

feigned

feigner

feigners

feigning

feigns

feijoa

feijoas

feint

feinted

feinting

feints

feirie

feist

feistier

feistiest

feistiness

feistinesses

feists

feisty

fetoprotein

fetoproteins

fideism

fideisms

fideist

fideistic

fideists

filagreeing

filigreeing

flambeing

flavoprotein

flavoproteins

fleeing

fleishig

fluorescein

fluoresceins

flyweight

flyweights

foreign

foreigner

foreigners

foreignism

foreignisms

foreignness

foreignnesses

foreseeing

forfeit

forfeitable

forfeited

forfeiter

forfeiters

forfeiting

forfeits

forfeiture

forfeitures

fraulein

frauleins

freeing

freight

freightage

freightages

freighted

freighter

freighters

freighting

freights

fricasseeing

gaeing

gallein

galleins

garnisheeing

geeing

gegenschein

gegenscheins

geisha

geishas

gemeinschaft

gemeinschaften

gemeinschafts

gemutlichkeit

gemutlichkeits

gesundheit

gieing

glaceing

gleization

gleizations

glueing

glutei

glycoprotein

glycoproteins

gneiss

gneisses

gneissic

gneissoid

gneissose

gratineeing

greeing

greige

greiges

greisen

greisens

guaranteeing

gumshoeing

gypseian

haecceities

haecceity

haeing

heavyweight

heavyweights

heifer

heifers

heigh

height

heighten

heightened

heightening

heightens

heighth

heighths

heights

heil

heiled

heiling

heils

heimish

heinie

heinies

heinous

heinously

heinousness

heinousnesses

heir

heirdom

heirdoms

heired

heiress

heiresses

heiring

heirless

heirloom

heirlooms

heirs

heirship

heirships

heishi

heist

heisted

heister

heisters

heisting

heists

hematein

hemateins

hemoprotein

hemoproteins

henotheism

henotheisms

henotheist

henotheistic

henotheists

herein

hereinabove

hereinafter

hereinbefore

hereinbelow

hereinto

heterogeneities

heterogeneity

hexerei

hexereis

hieing

hoeing

hogtieing

holstein

holsteins

homogeneities

homogeneity

hordein

hordeins

horseshoeing

howbeit

hundredweight

hundredweights

hygeist

hygeists

hygieist

hygieists

hyperpneic

idoneities

idoneity

ileitides

ileitis

imperceivable

inbeing

inbeings

inconceivabilities

inconceivability

inconceivable

inconceivableness

inconceivablenesses

inconceivably

incorporeities

incorporeity

inhomogeneities

inhomogeneity

instantaneities

instantaneity

inveigh

inveighed

inveigher

inveighers

inveighing

inveighs

inveigle

inveigled

inveiglement

inveiglements

inveigler

inveiglers

inveigles

inveigling

isocheim

isocheims

isogeneic

issei

isseis

jadeite

jadeites

jeeing

kaleidoscope

kaleidoscopes

kaleidoscopic

kaleidoscopically

kallikrein

kallikreins

kapellmeister

kapellmeisters

karateist

karateists

keir

keirs

keister

keisters

keitloa

keitloas

kibei

kibeis

kneeing

lammergeier

lammergeiers

landsleit

langbeinite

langbeinites

lei

leis

leishmania

leishmanial

leishmanias

leishmaniases

leishmaniasis

leister

leistered

leistering

leisters

leisure

leisured

leisureliness

leisurelinesses

leisurely

leisures

leisurewear

leitmotif

leitmotifs

leitmotiv

leitmotivs

leveeing

lightweight

lightweights

lipoprotein

lipoproteins

logorrheic

lomein

lomeins

longeing

lugeing

lutein

luteinization

luteinizations

luteinize

luteinized

luteinizes

luteinizing

luteins

lwei

lweis

macronuclei

madeira

madeiras

madeleine

madeleines

makeweight

makeweights

mallei

marbleise

marbleised

marbleises

marbleising

marbleize

marbleized

marbleizes

marbleizing

meikle

meinie

meinies

meiny

meioses

meiosis

meiotic

meiotically

meitnerium

meitneriums

messeigneurs

micronuclei

microseism

microseismic

microseismicities

microseismicity

microseisms

middleweight

middleweights

milreis

misconceive

misconceived

misconceiver

misconceivers

misconceives

misconceiving

misoneism

misoneisms

misperceive

misperceived

misperceives

misperceiving

monotheism

monotheisms

monotheist

monotheistic

monotheistical

monotheistically

monotheists

monseigneur

monteith

monteiths

mucoprotein

mucoproteins

mullein

mulleins

murein

mureins

mythopoeia

mythopoeias

mythopoeic

narcein

narceine

narceines

narceins

necropoleis

neif

neifs

neigh

neighbor

neighbored

neighborhood

neighborhoods

neighboring

neighborliness

neighborlinesses

neighborly

neighbors

neighbour

neighboured

neighbouring

neighbours

neighed

neighing

neighs

neist

neither

nereid

nereides

nereids

nereis

nereises

nisei

niseis

nonbeing

nonbeings

nonforfeitable

nonforfeiture

nonforfeitures

nonpareil

nonpareils

nonprotein

nonreceipt

nonreceipts

nontheist

nontheistic

nontheists

nuclei

nuclein

nucleins

nucleoprotein

nucleoproteins

obeisance

obeisances

obeisant

obeisantly

oeillade

oeillades

ogreish

ogreism

ogreisms

oleic

olein

oleine

oleines

oleins

oneiric

oneirically

oneiromancies

oneiromancy

onomatopoeia

onomatopoeias

onomatopoeic

onomatopoeically

orcein

orceins

oreide

oreides

ossein

osseins

osteites

osteitic

osteitides

osteitis

outseeing

outweigh

outweighed

outweighing

outweighs

overdyeing

overseeing

overweigh

overweighed

overweighing

overweighs

overweight

overweighted

overweighting

overweights

pantheism

pantheisms

pantheist

pantheistic

pantheistical

pantheistically

pantheists

paperweight

paperweights

pareira

pareiras

peeing

peignoir

peignoirs

pein

peined

peining

peins

peise

peised

peises

peising

pennyweight

pennyweights

perceivable

perceivably

perceive

perceived

perceiver

perceivers

perceives

perceiving

pereia

pereion

pereiopod

pereiopods

peripeteia

peripeteias

pharmacopeia

pharmacopeial

pharmacopeias

pharmacopoeia

pharmacopoeial

pharmacopoeias

phenolphthalein

phenolphthaleins

phosphoprotein

phosphoproteins

pieing

pilei

pixieish

plebeian

plebeianism

plebeianisms

plebeianly

plebeians

pleiad

pleiades

pleiads

pleinairism

pleinairisms

pleinairist

pleinairists

pleiotropic

pleiotropies

pleiotropy

plutei

poleis

poltergeist

poltergeists

polytheism

polytheisms

polytheist

polytheistic

polytheistical

polytheists

preconceive

preconceived

preconceives

preconceiving

preeing

preignition

preignitions

preimplantation

preinaugural

preincorporation

preincorporations

preinduction

preinductions

preindustrial

preinterview

preinterviewed

preinterviewing

preinterviews

preinvasion

premeiotic

prochein

pronuclei

prosopopoeia

prosopopoeias

protei

proteid

proteide

proteides

proteids

protein

proteinaceous

proteinase

proteinases

proteins

proteinuria

proteinurias

pureeing

queueing

razeeing

receipt

receipted

receipting

receipts

receivable

receivables

receive

received

receiver

receivers

receivership

receiverships

receives

receiving

reconceive

reconceived

reconceives

reconceiving

redyeing

refereeing

refugeeism

refugeeisms

rei

reichsmark

reichsmarks

reidentified

reidentifies

reidentify

reidentifying

reif

reification

reifications

reified

reifier

reifiers

reifies

reifs

reify

reifying

reign

reigned

reigning

reignite

reignited

reignites

reigniting

reignition

reignitions

reigns

reimage

reimaged

reimages

reimagine

reimagined

reimagines

reimaging

reimagining

reimbursable

reimburse

reimbursed

reimbursement

reimbursements

reimburses

reimbursing

reimmerse

reimmersed

reimmerses

reimmersing

reimplant

reimplantation

reimplantations

reimplanted

reimplanting

reimplants

reimport

reimportation

reimportations

reimported

reimporting

reimports

reimpose

reimposed

reimposes

reimposing

reimposition

reimpositions

reimpression

reimpressions

rein

reincarnate

reincarnated

reincarnates

reincarnating

reincarnation

reincarnations

reincite

reincited

reincites

reinciting

reincorporate

reincorporated

reincorporates

reincorporating

reincorporation

reincorporations

reincur

reincurred

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Vito Antuofermo has: Played himself in "ESPN Top Rank Boxing" in 1980. Played Prizefighter in "Goodfellas" in 1990. Played Homeless Man in "Loser" in 1991. Played Jimmy in "New York Undercover Cop" in 1993. Played Trainer in "The Mouse" in 1996. Played Bobby Coniglio in "The Sopranos" in 1999. Played himself in "ESPN SportsCentury" in 1999. Played Pippo Messina in "La bomba" in 1999. Played Bobby Zanone in "The Sopranos" in 1999. Performed in "The Boys Behind the Desk" in 2000.

• Never Let Me Go - Kazuo Ishiguro
• Saturday - Ian McEwan
• On Beauty - Zadie Smith
• Slow Man - J.M. Coetzee
• Adjunct: An Undigest - Peter Manson
• The Sea - John Banville
• The Red Queen - Margaret Drabble
• The Plot Against America - Philip Roth
• The Master - Colm Tóibín
• Vanishing Point - David Markson
• The Lambs of London - Peter Ackroyd
• Dining on Stones - Iain Sinclair
• Cloud Atlas - David Mitchell
• Drop City - T. Coraghessan Boyle
• The Colour - Rose Tremain
• Thursbitch - Alan Garner
• The Light of Day - Graham Swift
• What I Loved - Siri Hustvedt
• The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time - Mark Haddon
• Islands - Dan Sleigh
• Elizabeth Costello - J.M. Coetzee
• London Orbital - Iain Sinclair
• Family Matters - Rohinton Mistry
• Fingersmith - Sarah Waters
• The Double - José Saramago
• Everything is Illuminated - Jonathan Safran Foer
• Unless - Carol Shields
• Kafka on the Shore - Haruki Murakami
• The Story of Lucy Gault - William Trevor
• That They May Face the Rising Sun - John McGahern
• In the Forest - Edna O'Brien
• Shroud - John Banville
• Middlesex - Jeffrey Eugenides
• Youth - J.M. Coetzee
• Dead Air - Iain Banks
• Nowhere Man - Aleksandar Hemon
• The Book of Illusions - Paul Auster
• Gabriel's Gift - Hanif Kureishi
• Austerlitz - W.G. Sebald
• Platform - Michael Houellebecq
• Schooling - Heather McGowan
• Atonement - Ian McEwan
• The Corrections - Jonathan Franzen
• Don't Move - Margaret Mazzantini
• The Body Artist - Don DeLillo
• Fury - Salman Rushdie
• At Swim, Two Boys - Jamie O'Neill
• Choke - Chuck Palahniuk
• Life of Pi - Yann Martel
• The Feast of the Goat - Mario Vargos Llosa
• An Obedient Father - Akhil Sharma
• The Devil and Miss Prym - Paulo Coelho
• Spring Flowers, Spring Frost - Ismail Kadare
• White Teeth - Zadie Smith
• The Heart of Redness - Zakes Mda
• Under the Skin - Michel Faber
• Ignorance - Milan Kundera
• Nineteen Seventy Seven - David Peace
• Celestial Harmonies - Péter Esterházy
• City of God - E.L. Doctorow
• How the Dead Live - Will Self
• The Human Stain - Philip Roth
• The Blind Assassin - Margaret Atwood
• After the Quake - Haruki Murakami
• Small Remedies - Shashi Deshpande
• Super-Cannes - J.G. Ballard
• House of Leaves - Mark Z. Danielewski
• Blonde - Joyce Carol Oates
• Pastoralia - George Saunders
• Timbuktu - Paul Auster
• The Romantics - Pankaj Mishra
• Cryptonomicon - Neal Stephenson
• As If I Am Not There - Slavenka Drakuli?
• Everything You Need - A.L. Kennedy
• Fear and Trembling - Amélie Nothomb
• The Ground Beneath Her Feet - Salman Rushdie
• Disgrace - J.M. Coetzee
• Sputnik Sweetheart - Haruki Murakami
• Elementary Particles - Michel Houellebecq
• Intimacy - Hanif Kureishi
• Amsterdam - Ian McEwan
• Cloudsplitter - Russell Banks
• All Souls Day - Cees Nooteboom
• The Talk of the Town - Ardal O'Hanlon
• Tipping the Velvet - Sarah Waters
• The Poisonwood Bible - Barbara Kingsolver
• Glamorama - Bret Easton Ellis
• Another World - Pat Barker
• The Hours - Michael Cunningham
• Veronika Decides to Die - Paulo Coelho
• Mason & Dixon - Thomas Pynchon
• The God of Small Things - Arundhati Roy
• Memoirs of a Geisha - Arthur Golden
• Great Apes - Will Self
• Enduring Love - Ian McEwan
• Underworld - Don DeLillo
• Jack Maggs - Peter Carey
• The Life of Insects - Victor Pelevin
• American Pastoral - Philip Roth
• The Untouchable - John Banville
• Silk - Alessandro Baricco
• Cocaine Nights - J.G. Ballard
• Hallucinating Foucault - Patricia Duncker
• Fugitive Pieces - Anne Michaels
• The Ghost Road - Pat Barker
• Forever a Stranger - Hella Haasse
• Infinite Jest - David Foster Wallace
• The Clay Machine-Gun - Victor Pelevin
• Alias Grace - Margaret Atwood
• The Unconsoled - Kazuo Ishiguro
• Morvern Callar - Alan Warner
• The Information - Martin Amis
• The Moor's Last Sigh - Salman Rushdie
• Sabbath's Theater - Philip Roth
• The Rings of Saturn - W.G. Sebald
• The Reader - Bernhard Schlink
• A Fine Balance - Rohinton Mistry
• Love's Work - Gillian Rose
• The End of the Story - Lydia Davis
• Mr. Vertigo - Paul Auster
• The Folding Star - Alan Hollinghurst
• Whatever - Michel Houellebecq
• Land - Park Kyong-ni
• The Master of Petersburg - J.M. Coetzee
• The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle - Haruki Murakami
• Pereira Declares: A Testimony - Antonio Tabucchi
• City Sister Silver - Jàchym Topol
• How Late It Was, How Late - James Kelman
• Captain Corelli's Mandolin - Louis de Bernieres
• Felicia's Journey - William Trevor
• Disappearance - David Dabydeen
• The Invention of Curried Sausage - Uwe Timm
• The Shipping News - E. Annie Proulx # Trainspotting - Irvine Welsh # Birdsong - Sebastian Faulks # Looking for the Possible Dance - A.L. Kennedy # Operation Shylock - Philip Roth # Complicity - Iain Banks # On Love - Alain de Botton # What a Carve Up! - Jonathan Coe # A Suitable Boy - Vikram Seth # The Stone Diaries - Carol Shields # The Virgin Suicides - Jeffrey Eugenides # The House of Doctor Dee - Peter Ackroyd # The Robber Bride - Margaret Atwood # The Emigrants - W.G. Sebald # The Secret History - Donna Tartt # Life is a Caravanserai - Emine Özdamar # The Discovery of Heaven - Harry Mulisch # A Heart So White - Javier Marias # Possessing the Secret of Joy - Alice Walker # Indigo - Marina Warner # The Crow Road - Iain Banks # Written on the Body - Jeanette Winterson # Jazz - Toni Morrison # The English Patient - Michael Ondaatje # Smilla's Sense of Snow - Peter Høeg # The Butcher Boy - Patrick McCabe # Black Water - Joyce Carol Oates # The Heather Blazing - Colm Tóibín # Asphodel - H.D. (Hilda Doolittle) # Black Dogs - Ian McEwan # Hideous Kinky - Esther Freud # Arcadia - Jim Crace # Wild Swans - Jung Chang # American Psycho - Bret Easton Ellis # Time's Arrow - Martin Amis # Mao II - Don DeLillo # Typical - Padgett Powell # Regeneration - Pat Barker # Downriver - Iain Sinclair # Señor Vivo and the Coca Lord - Louis de Bernieres # Wise Children - Angela Carter # Get Shorty - Elmore Leonard # Amongst Women - John McGahern # Vineland - Thomas Pynchon # Vertigo - W.G. Sebald # Stone Junction - Jim Dodge # The Music of Chance - Paul Auster # The Things They Carried - Tim O'Brien # A Home at the End of the World - Michael Cunningham # Like Life - Lorrie Moore # Possession - A.S. Byatt # The Buddha of Suburbia - Hanif Kureishi # The Midnight Examiner - William Kotzwinkle # A Disaffection - James Kelman # Sexing the Cherry - Jeanette Winterson # Moon Palace - Paul Auster # Billy Bathgate - E.L. Doctorow # Remains of the Day - Kazuo Ishiguro # The Melancholy of Resistance - László Krasznahorkai # The Temple of My Familiar - Alice Walker # The Trick is to Keep Breathing - Janice Galloway # The History of the Siege of Lisbon - José Saramago # Like Water for Chocolate - Laura Esquivel # A Prayer for Owen Meany - John Irving # London Fields - Martin Amis # The Book of Evidence - John Banville # Cat's Eye - Margaret Atwood # Foucault's Pendulum - Umberto Eco # The Beautiful Room is Empty - Edmund White # Wittgenstein's Mistress - David Markson # The Satanic Verses - Salman Rushdie # The Swimming-Pool Library - Alan Hollinghurst # Oscar and Lucinda - Peter Carey # Libra - Don DeLillo # The Player of Games - Iain M. Banks # Nervous Conditions - Tsitsi Dangarembga # The Long Dark Teatime of the Soul - Douglas Adams # Dirk Gently's Holistic Detective Agency - Douglas Adams # The Radiant Way - Margaret Drabble # The Afternoon of a Writer - Peter Handke # The Black Dahlia - James Ellroy # The Passion - Jeanette Winterson # The Pigeon - Patrick Süskind # The Child in Time - Ian McEwan # Cigarettes - Harry Mathews # The Bonfire of the Vanities - Tom Wolfe # The New York Trilogy - Paul Auster # World's End - T. Coraghessan Boyle # Enigma of Arrival - V.S. Naipaul # The Taebek Mountains - Jo Jung-rae # Beloved - Toni Morrison # Anagrams - Lorrie Moore # Matigari - Ngugi Wa Thiong'o # Marya - Joyce Carol Oates # Watchmen - Alan Moore & David Gibbons # The Old Devils - Kingsley Amis # Lost Language of Cranes - David Leavitt # An Artist of the Floating World - Kazuo Ishiguro # Extinction - Thomas Bernhard # Foe - J.M. Coetzee # The Drowned and the Saved - Primo Levi # Reasons to Live - Amy Hempel # The Parable of the Blind - Gert Hofmann # Love in the Time of Cholera - Gabriel García Márquez # Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit - Jeanette Winterson # The Cider House Rules - John Irving # A Maggot - John Fowles # Less Than Zero - Bret Easton Ellis # Contact - Carl Sagan # The Handmaid's Tale - Margaret Atwood # Perfume - Patrick Süskind # Old Masters - Thomas Bernhard # White Noise - Don DeLillo # Queer - William Burroughs # Hawksmoor - Peter Ackroyd # Legend - David Gemmell # Dictionary of the Khazars - Milorad Pavi? # The Bus Conductor Hines - James Kelman # The Year of the Death of Ricardo Reis - José Saramago # The Lover - Marguerite Duras # Empire of the Sun - J.G. Ballard # The Wasp Factory - Iain Banks # Nights at the Circus - Angela Carter # The Unbearable Lightness of Being - Milan Kundera # Blood and Guts in High School - Kathy Acker # Neuromancer - William Gibson # Flaubert's Parrot - Julian Barnes # Money: A Suicide Note - Martin Amis # Shame - Salman Rushdie # Worstward Ho - Samuel Beckett # Fools of Fortune - William Trevor # La Brava - Elmore Leonard # Waterland - Graham Swift # The Life and Times of Michael K - J.M. Coetzee # The Diary of Jane Somers - Doris Lessing # The Piano Teacher - Elfriede Jelinek # The Sorrow of Belgium - Hugo Claus # If Not Now, When? - Primo Levi # A Boy's Own Story - Edmund White # The Color Purple - Alice Walker # Wittgenstein's Nephew - Thomas Bernhard # A Pale View of Hills - Kazuo Ishiguro # Schindler's Ark - Thomas Keneally # The House of the Spirits - Isabel Allende # The Newton Letter - John Banville # On the Black Hill - Bruce Chatwin # Concrete - Thomas Bernhard # The Names - Don DeLillo # Rabbit is Rich - John Updike # Lanark: A Life in Four Books - Alasdair Gray # The Comfort of Strangers - Ian McEwan # July's People - Nadine Gordimer # Summer in Baden-Baden - Leonid Tsypkin # Broken April - Ismail Kadare # Waiting for the Barbarians - J.M. Coetzee # Midnight's Children - Salman Rushdie # Rites of Passage - William Golding # Rituals - Cees Nooteboom # Confederacy of Dunces - John Kennedy Toole # City Primeval - Elmore Leonard # The Name of the Rose - Umberto Eco # The Book of Laughter and Forgetting - Milan Kundera # Smiley's People - John Le Carré # Shikasta - Doris Lessing # A Bend in the River - V.S. Naipaul # Burger's Daughter - Nadine Gordimer # The Safety Net - Heinrich Böll # If On a Winter's Night a Traveler - Italo Calvino # The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy - Douglas Adams # The Cement Garden - Ian McEwan # The World According to Garp - John Irving # Life: A User's Manual - Georges Perec # The Sea, The Sea - Iris Murdoch # The Singapore Grip - J.G. Farrell # Yes - Thomas Bernhard # The Virgin in the Garden - A.S. Byatt # In the Heart of the Country - J.M. Coetzee # The Passion of New Eve - Angela Carter # Delta of Venus - Anaïs Nin # The Shining - Stephen King # Dispatches - Michael Herr # Petals of Blood - Ngugi Wa Thiong'o # Song of Solomon - Toni Morrison # The Hour of the Star - Clarice Lispector # The Left-Handed Woman - Peter Handke # Ratner's Star - Don DeLillo # The Public Burning - Robert Coover # Interview With the Vampire - Anne Rice # Cutter and Bone - Newton Thornburg # Amateurs - Donald Barthelme # Patterns of Childhood - Christa Wolf # Autumn of the Patriarch - Gabriel García Márquez # W, or the Memory of Childhood - Georges Perec # A Dance to the Music of Time - Anthony Powell # Grimus - Salman Rushdie # The Dead Father - Donald Barthelme # Fateless - Imre Kertész # Willard and His Bowling Trophies - Richard Brautigan # High Rise - J.G. Ballard # Humboldt's Gift - Saul Bellow # Dead Babies - Martin Amis # Correction - Thomas Bernhard # Ragtime - E.L. Doctorow # The Fan Man - William Kotzwinkle # Dusklands - J.M. Coetzee # The Lost Honor of Katharina Blum - Heinrich Böll # Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy - John Le Carré # Breakfast of Champions - Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. # Fear of Flying - Erica Jong # A Question of Power - Bessie Head # The Siege of Krishnapur - J.G. Farrell # The Castle of Crossed Destinies - Italo Calvino # Crash - J.G. Ballard # The Honorary Consul - Graham Greene # Gravity's Rainbow - Thomas Pynchon # The Black Prince - Iris Murdoch # Sula - Toni Morrison # Invisible Cities - Italo Calvino # The Breast - Philip Roth # The Summer Book - Tove Jansson # G - John Berger # Surfacing - Margaret Atwood # House Mother Normal - B.S. Johnson # In A Free State - V.S. Naipaul # The Book of Daniel - E.L. Doctorow # Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas - Hunter S. Thompson # Group Portrait With Lady - Heinrich Böll # The Wild Boys - William Burroughs # Rabbit Redux - John Updike # The Sea of Fertility - Yukio Mishima # The Driver's Seat - Muriel Spark # The Ogre - Michael Tournier # The Bluest Eye - Toni Morrison # Goalie's Anxiety at the Penalty Kick - Peter Handke # I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings - Maya Angelou # Mercier et Camier - Samuel Beckett # Troubles - J.G. Farrell # Jahrestage - Uwe Johnson # The Atrocity Exhibition - J.G. Ballard # Tent of Miracles - Jorge Amado # Pricksongs and Descants - Robert Coover # Blind Man With a Pistol - Chester Hines # Slaughterhouse-five - Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. # The French Lieutenant's Woman - John Fowles # The Green Man - Kingsley Amis # Portnoy's Complaint - Philip Roth # The Godfather - Mario Puzo # Ada - Vladimir Nabokov # Them - Joyce Carol Oates # A Void/Avoid - Georges Perec # Eva Trout - Elizabeth Bowen # Myra Breckinridge - Gore Vidal # The Nice and the Good - Iris Murdoch # Belle du Seigneur - Albert Cohen # Cancer Ward - Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn # The First Circle - Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn # 2001: A Space Odyssey - Arthur C. Clarke # Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? - Philip K. Dick # Dark as the Grave Wherein My Friend is Laid - Malcolm Lowry # The German Lesson - Siegfried Lenz # In Watermelon Sugar - Richard Brautigan # A Kestrel for a Knave - Barry Hines # The Quest for Christa T. - Christa Wolf # Chocky - John Wyndham # The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test - Tom Wolfe # The Cubs and Other Stories - Mario Vargas Llosa # One Hundred Years of Solitude - Gabriel García Márquez # The Master and Margarita - Mikhail Bulgakov # Pilgrimage - Dorothy Richardson # The Joke - Milan Kundera # No Laughing Matter - Angus Wilson # The Third Policeman - Flann O'Brien # A Man Asleep - Georges Perec # The Birds Fall Down - Rebecca West # Trawl - B.S. Johnson # In Cold Blood - Truman Capote # The Magus - John Fowles # The Vice-Consul - Marguerite Duras # Wide Sargasso Sea - Jean Rhys # Giles Goat-Boy - John Barth # The Crying of Lot 49 - Thomas Pynchon # Things - Georges Perec # The River Between - Ngugi wa Thiong'o # August is a Wicked Month - Edna O'Brien # God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater - Kurt Vonnegut # Everything That Rises Must Converge - Flannery O'Connor # The Passion According to G.H. - Clarice Lispector # Sometimes a Great Notion - Ken Kesey # Come Back, Dr. Caligari - Donald Bartholme # Albert Angelo - B.S. Johnson # Arrow of God - Chinua Achebe # The Ravishing of Lol V. Stein - Marguerite Duras # Herzog - Saul Bellow # V. - Thomas Pynchon # Cat's Cradle - Kurt Vonnegut # The Graduate - Charles Webb # Manon des Sources - Marcel Pagnol # The Spy Who Came in from the Cold - John Le Carré # The Girls of Slender Means - Muriel Spark # Inside Mr. Enderby - Anthony Burgess # The Bell Jar - Sylvia Plath # One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich - Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn # The Collector - John Fowles # One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest - Ken Kesey # A Clockwork Orange - Anthony Burgess # Pale Fire - Vladimir Nabokov # The Drowned World - J.G. Ballard # The Golden Notebook - Doris Lessing # Labyrinths - Jorg Luis Borges # Girl With Green Eyes - Edna O'Brien # The Garden of the Finzi-Continis - Giorgio Bassani # Stranger in a Strange Land - Robert Heinlein # Franny and Zooey - J.D. Salinger # A Severed Head - Iris Murdoch # Faces in the Water - Janet Frame # Solaris - Stanislaw Lem # Cat and Mouse - Günter Grass # The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie - Muriel Spark # Catch-22 - Joseph Heller # The Violent Bear it Away - Flannery O'Connor # How It Is - Samuel Beckett # Our Ancestors - Italo Calvino # The Country Girls - Edna O'Brien # To Kill a Mockingbird - Harper Lee # Rabbit, Run - John Updike # Promise at Dawn - Romain Gary # Cider With Rosie - Laurie Lee # Billy Liar - Keith Waterhouse # Naked Lunch - William Burroughs # The Tin Drum - Günter Grass # Absolute Beginners - Colin MacInnes # Henderson the Rain King - Saul Bellow # Memento Mori - Muriel Spark # Billiards at Half-Past Nine - Heinrich Böll # Breakfast at Tiffany's - Truman Capote # The Leopard - Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa # Pluck the Bud and Destroy the Offspring - Kenzaburo Oe # A Town Like Alice - Nevil Shute # The Bitter Glass - Eilís Dillon # Things Fall Apart - Chinua Achebe # Saturday Night and Sunday Morning - Alan Sillitoe # Mrs. 'Arris Goes to Paris - Paul Gallico # Borstal Boy - Brendan Behan # The End of the Road - John Barth # The Once and Future King - T.H. White # The Bell - Iris Murdoch # Jealousy - Alain Robbe-Grillet # Voss - Patrick White # The Midwich Cuckoos - John Wyndham # Blue Noon - Georges Bataille # Homo Faber - Max Frisch # On the Road - Jack Kerouac # Pnin - Vladimir Nabokov # Doctor Zhivago - Boris Pasternak # The Wonderful "O" - James Thurber # Justine - Lawrence Durrell # Giovanni's Room - James Baldwin # The Lonely Londoners - Sam Selvon # The Roots of Heaven - Romain Gary # Seize the Day - Saul Bellow # The Floating Opera - John Barth # The Lord of the Rings - J.R.R. Tolkien # The Talented Mr. Ripley - Patricia Highsmith # Lolita - Vladimir Nabokov # A World of Love - Elizabeth Bowen # The Trusting and the Maimed - James Plunkett # The Quiet American - Graham Greene # The Last Temptation of Christ - Nikos Kazantzákis # The Recognitions - William Gaddis # The Ragazzi - Pier Paulo Pasolini # Bonjour Tristesse - Françoise Sagan # I'm Not Stiller - Max Frisch # Self Condemned - Wyndham Lewis # The Story of O - Pauline Réage # A Ghost at Noon - Alberto Moravia # Lord of the Flies - William Golding # Under the Net - Iris Murdoch # The Go-Between - L.P. Hartley # The Long Goodbye - Raymond Chandler # The Unnamable - Samuel Beckett # Watt - Samuel Beckett # Lucky Jim - Kingsley Amis # Junkie - William Burroughs # The Adventures of Augie March - Saul Bellow # Go Tell It on the Mountain - James Baldwin # Casino Royale - Ian Fleming # The Judge and His Hangman - Friedrich Dürrenmatt # Invisible Man - Ralph Ellison # The Old Man and the Sea - Ernest Hemingway # Wise Blood - Flannery O'Connor # The Killer Inside Me - Jim Thompson # Memoirs of Hadrian - Marguerite Yourcenar # Malone Dies - Samuel Beckett # Day of the Triffids - John Wyndham # Foundation - Isaac Asimov # The Opposing Shore - Julien Gracq # The Catcher in the Rye - J.D. Salinger # The Rebel - Albert Camus # Molloy - Samuel Beckett # The End of the Affair - Graham Greene # The Abbot C - Georges Bataille # The Labyrinth of Solitude - Octavio Paz # The Third Man - Graham Greene # The 13 Clocks - James Thurber # Gormenghast - Mervyn Peake # The Grass is Singing - Doris Lessing # I, Robot - Isaac Asimov # The Moon and the Bonfires - Cesare Pavese # The Garden Where the Brass Band Played - Simon Vestdijk # Love in a Cold Climate - Nancy Mitford # The Case of Comrade Tulayev - Victor Serge # The Heat of the Day - Elizabeth Bowen # Kingdom of This World - Alejo Carpentier # The Man With the Golden Arm - Nelson Algren # Nineteen Eighty-Four - George Orwell # All About H. Hatterr - G.V. Desani # Disobedience - Alberto Moravia # Death Sentence - Maurice Blanchot # The Heart of the Matter - Graham Greene # Cry, the Beloved Country - Alan Paton # Doctor Faustus - Thomas Mann # The Victim - Saul Bellow # Exercises in Style - Raymond Queneau # If This Is a Man - Primo Levi # Under the Volcano - Malcolm Lowry # The Path to the Nest of Spiders - Italo Calvino # The Plague - Albert Camus # Back - Henry Green # Titus Groan - Mervyn Peake # The Bridge on the Drina - Ivo Andri? # Brideshead Revisited - Evelyn Waugh # Animal Farm - George Orwell # Cannery Row - John Steinbeck # The Pursuit of Love - Nancy Mitford # Loving - Henry Green # Arcanum 17 - André Breton # Christ Stopped at Eboli - Carlo Levi # The Razor's Edge - William Somerset Maugham # Transit - Anna Seghers # Ficciones - Jorge Luis Borges # Dangling Man - Saul Bellow # The Little Prince - Antoine de Saint-Exupéry # Caught - Henry Green # The Glass Bead Game - Herman Hesse # Embers - Sandor Marai # Go Down, Moses - William Faulkner # The Outsider - Albert Camus # In Sicily - Elio Vittorini # The Poor Mouth - Flann O'Brien # The Living and the Dead - Patrick White # Hangover Square - Patrick Hamilton # Between the Acts - Virginia Woolf # The Hamlet - William Faulkner # Farewell My Lovely - Raymond Chandler # For Whom the Bell Tolls - Ernest Hemingway # Native Son - Richard Wright # The Power and the Glory - Graham Greene # The Tartar Steppe - Dino Buzzati # Party Going - Henry Green # The Grapes of Wrath - John Steinbeck # Finnegans Wake - James Joyce # At Swim-Two-Birds - Flann O'Brien # Coming Up for Air - George Orwell # Goodbye to Berlin - Christopher Isherwood # Tropic of Capricorn - Henry Miller # Good Morning, Midnight - Jean Rhys # The Big Sleep - Raymond Chandler # After the Death of Don Juan - Sylvie Townsend Warner # Miss Pettigrew Lives for a Day - Winifred Watson # Nausea - Jean-Paul Sartre # Rebecca - Daphne du Maurier # Cause for Alarm - Eric Ambler # Brighton Rock - Graham Greene # U.S.A. - John Dos Passos # Murphy - Samuel Beckett # Of Mice and Men - John Steinbeck # Their Eyes Were Watching God - Zora Neale Hurston # The Hobbit - J.R.R. Tolkien # The Years - Virginia Woolf # In Parenthesis - David Jones # The Revenge for Love - Wyndham Lewis # Out of Africa - Isak Dineson (Karen Blixen) # To Have and Have Not - Ernest Hemingway # Summer Will Show - Sylvia Townsend Warner # Eyeless in Gaza - Aldous Huxley # The Thinking Reed - Rebecca West # Gone With the Wind - Margaret Mitchell # Keep the Aspidistra Flying - George Orwell # Wild Harbour - Ian MacPherson # Absalom, Absalom! - William Faulkner # At the Mountains of Madness - H.P. Lovecraft # Nightwood - Djuna Barnes # Independent People - Halldór Laxness # Auto-da-Fé - Elias Canetti # The Last of Mr. Norris - Christopher Isherwood # They Shoot Horses, Don't They? - Horace McCoy # The House in Paris - Elizabeth Bowen # England Made Me - Graham Greene # Burmese Days - George Orwell # The Nine Tailors - Dorothy L. Sayers # Threepenny Novel - Bertolt Brecht # Novel With Cocaine - M. Ageyev # The Postman Always Rings Twice - James M. Cain # Tropic of Cancer - Henry Miller # A Handful of Dust - Evelyn Waugh # Tender is the Night - F. Scott Fitzgerald # Thank You, Jeeves - P.G. Wodehouse # Call it Sleep - Henry Roth # Miss Lonelyhearts - Nathanael West # Murder Must Advertise - Dorothy L. Sayers # The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas - Gertrude Stein # Testament of Youth - Vera Brittain # A Day Off - Storm Jameson # The Man Without Qualities - Robert Musil # A Scots Quair (Sunset Song) - Lewis Grassic Gibbon # Journey to the End of the Night - Louis-Ferdinand Céline # Brave New World - Aldous Huxley # Cold Comfort Farm - Stella Gibbons # To the North - Elizabeth Bowen # The Thin Man - Dashiell Hammett # The Radetzky March - Joseph Roth # The Waves - Virginia Woolf # The Glass Key - Dashiell Hammett # Cakes and Ale - W. Somerset Maugham # The Apes of God - Wyndham Lewis # Her Privates We - Frederic Manning # Vile Bodies - Evelyn Waugh # The Maltese Falcon - Dashiell Hammett # Hebdomeros - Giorgio de Chirico # Passing - Nella Larsen # A Farewell to Arms - Ernest Hemingway # Red Harvest - Dashiell Hammett # Living - Henry Green # The Time of Indifference - Alberto Moravia # All Quiet on the Western Front - Erich Maria Remarque # Berlin Alexanderplatz - Alfred Döblin # The Last September - Elizabeth Bowen # Harriet Hume - Rebecca West # The Sound and the Fury - William Faulkner # Les Enfants Terribles - Jean Cocteau # Look Homeward, Angel - Thomas Wolfe # Story of the Eye - Georges Bataille # Orlando - Virginia Woolf # Lady Chatterley's Lover - D.H. Lawrence # The Well of Loneliness - Radclyffe Hall # The Childermass - Wyndham Lewis # Quartet - Jean Rhys # Decline and Fall - Evelyn Waugh # Quicksand - Nella Larsen # Parade's End - Ford Madox Ford # Nadja - André Breton # Steppenwolf - Herman Hesse # Remembrance of Things Past - Marcel Proust # To The Lighthouse - Virginia Woolf # Tarka the Otter - Henry Williamson # Amerika - Franz Kafka # The Sun Also Rises - Ernest Hemingway # Blindness - Henry Green # The Castle - Franz Kafka # The Good Soldier Švejk - Jaroslav Hašek # The Plumed Serpent - D.H. Lawrence # One, None and a Hundred Thousand - Luigi Pirandello # The Murder of Roger Ackroyd - Agatha Christie # The Making of Americans - Gertrude Stein # Manhattan Transfer - John Dos Passos # Mrs. Dalloway - Virginia Woolf # The Great Gatsby - F. Scott Fitzgerald # The Counterfeiters - André Gide # The Trial - Franz Kafka # The Artamonov Business - Maxim Gorky # The Professor's House - Willa Cather # Billy Budd, Foretopman - Herman Melville # The Green Hat - Michael Arlen # The Magic Mountain - Thomas Mann # We - Yevgeny Zamyatin # A Passage to India - E.M. Forster # The Devil in the Flesh - Raymond Radiguet # Zeno's Conscience - Italo Svevo # Cane - Jean Toomer # Antic Hay - Aldous Huxley # Amok - Stefan Zweig # The Garden Party - Katherine Mansfield # The Enormous Room - E.E. Cummings # Jacob's Room - Virginia Woolf # Siddhartha - Herman Hesse # The Glimpses of the Moon - Edith Wharton # Life and Death of Harriett Frean - May Sinclair # The Last Days of Humanity - Karl Kraus # Aaron's Rod - D.H. Lawrence # Babbitt - Sinclair Lewis # Ulysses - James Joyce # The Fox - D.H. Lawrence # Crome Yellow - Aldous Huxley # The Age of Innocence - Edith Wharton # Main Street - Sinclair Lewis # Women in Love - D.H. Lawrence # Night and Day - Virginia Woolf # Tarr - Wyndham Lewis # The Return of the Soldier - Rebecca West # The Shadow Line - Joseph Conrad # Summer - Edith Wharton # Growth of the Soil - Knut Hamsen # Bunner Sisters - Edith Wharton # A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man - James Joyce # Under Fire - Henri Barbusse # Rashomon - Akutagawa Ryunosuke # The Good Soldier - Ford Madox Ford # The Voyage Out - Virginia Woolf # Of Human Bondage - William Somerset Maugham # The Rainbow - D.H. Lawrence # The Thirty-Nine Steps - John Buchan # Kokoro - Natsume Soseki # Locus Solus - Raymond Roussel # Rosshalde - Herman Hesse # Tarzan of the Apes - Edgar Rice Burroughs # The Ragged Trousered Philanthropists - Robert Tressell # Sons and Lovers - D.H. Lawrence # Death in Venice - Thomas Mann # The Charwoman's Daughter - James Stephens # Ethan Frome - Edith Wharton # Fantômas - Marcel Allain and Pierre Souvestre # Howards End - E.M. Forster # Impressions of Africa - Raymond Roussel # Three Lives - Gertrude Stein # Martin Eden - Jack London # Strait is the Gate - André Gide # Tono-Bungay - H.G. Wells # The Inferno - Henri Barbusse # A Room With a View - E.M. Forster # The Iron Heel - Jack London # The Old Wives' Tale - Arnold Bennett # The House on the Borderland - William Hope Hodgson # Mother - Maxim Gorky # The Secret Agent - Joseph Conrad # The Jungle - Upton Sinclair # Young Törless - Robert Musil # The Forsyte Sage - John Galsworthy # The House of Mirth - Edith Wharton # Professor Unrat - Heinrich Mann # Where Angels Fear to Tread - E.M. Forster # Nostromo - Joseph Conrad # Hadrian the Seventh - Frederick Rolfe # The Golden Bowl - Henry James # The Ambassadors - Henry James # The Riddle of the Sands - Erskine Childers # The Immoralist - André Gide # The Wings of the Dove - Henry James # Heart of Darkness - Joseph Conrad # The Hound of the Baskervilles - Sir Arthur Conan Doyle # Buddenbrooks - Thomas Mann # Kim - Rudyard Kipling # Sister Carrie - Theodore Dreiser # Lord Jim - Joseph Conrad # 1800s # Some Experiences of an Irish R.M. - Somerville and Ross # The Stechlin - Theodore Fontane # The Awakening - Kate Chopin # The Turn of the Screw - Henry James # The War of the Worlds - H.G. Wells # The Invisible Man - H.G. Wells # What Maisie Knew - Henry James # Fruits of the Earth - André Gide # Dracula - Bram Stoker # Quo Vadis - Henryk Sienkiewicz # The Island of Dr. Moreau - H.G. Wells # The Time Machine - H.G. Wells # Effi Briest - Theodore Fontane # Jude the Obscure - Thomas Hardy # The Real Charlotte - Somerville and Ross # The Yellow Wallpaper - Charlotte Perkins Gilman # Born in Exile - George Gissing # Diary of a Nobody - George & Weedon Grossmith # The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes - Sir Arthur Conan Doyle # News from Nowhere - William Morris # New Grub Street - George Gissing # Gösta Berling's Saga - Selma Lagerlöf # Tess of the D'Urbervilles - Thomas Hardy # The Picture of Dorian Gray - Oscar Wilde # The Kreutzer Sonata - Leo Tolstoy # La Bête Humaine - Émile Zola # By the Open Sea - August Strindberg # Hunger - Knut Hamsun # The Master of Ballantrae - Robert Louis Stevenson # Pierre and Jean - Guy de Maupassant # Fortunata and Jacinta - Benito Pérez Galdés # The People of Hemsö - August Strindberg # The Woodlanders - Thomas Hardy # She - H. Rider Haggard # The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde - Robert Louis Stevenson # The Mayor of Casterbridge - Thomas Hardy # Kidnapped - Robert Louis Stevenson # King Solomon's Mines - H. Rider Haggard # Germinal - Émile Zola # The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn - Mark Twain # Bel-Ami - Guy de Maupassant # Marius the Epicurean - Walter Pater # Against the Grain - Joris-Karl Huysmans # The Death of Ivan Ilyich - Leo Tolstoy # A Woman's Life - Guy de Maupassant # Treasure Island - Robert Louis Stevenson # The House by the Medlar Tree - Giovanni Verga # The Portrait of a Lady - Henry James # Bouvard and Pécuchet - Gustave Flaubert # Ben-Hur - Lew Wallace # Nana - Émile Zola # The Brothers Karamazov - Fyodor Dostoevsky # The Red Room - August Strindberg # Return of the Native - Thomas Hardy # Anna Karenina - Leo Tolstoy # Drunkard - Émile Zola # Virgin Soil - Ivan Turgenev # Daniel Deronda - George Eliot # The Hand of Ethelberta - Thomas Hardy # The Temptation of Saint Anthony - Gustave Flaubert # Far from the Madding Crowd - Thomas Hardy # The Enchanted Wanderer - Nicolai Leskov # Around the World in Eighty Days - Jules Verne # In a Glass Darkly - Sheridan Le Fanu # The Devils - Fyodor Dostoevsky # Erewhon - Samuel Butler # Spring Torrents - Ivan Turgenev # Middlemarch - George Eliot # Through the Looking Glass, and What Alice Found There - Lewis Carroll # King Lear of the Steppes - Ivan Turgenev # He Knew He Was Right - Anthony Trollope # War and Peace - Leo Tolstoy # Sentimental Education - Gustave Flaubert # Phineas Finn - Anthony Trollope # Maldoror - Comte de Lautréaumont # The Idiot - Fyodor Dostoevsky # The Moonstone - Wilkie Collins # Little Women - Louisa May Alcott # Thérèse Raquin - Émile Zola # The Last Chronicle of Barset - Anthony Trollope # Journey to the Centre of the Earth - Jules Verne # Crime and Punishment - Fyodor Dostoevsky # Alice's Adventures in Wonderland - Lewis Carroll # Our Mutual Friend - Charles Dickens # Uncle Silas - Sheridan Le Fanu # Notes from the Underground - Fyodor Dostoevsky # The Water-Babies - Charles Kingsley # Les Misérables - Victor Hugo # Fathers and Sons - Ivan Turgenev # Silas Marner - George Eliot # Great Expectations - Charles Dickens # On the Eve - Ivan Turgenev # Castle Richmond - Anthony Trollope # The Mill on the Floss - George Eliot # The Woman in White - Wilkie Collins # The Marble Faun - Nathaniel Hawthorne # Max Havelaar - Multatuli # A Tale of Two Cities - Charles Dickens # Oblomovka - Ivan Goncharov # Adam Bede - George Eliot # Madame Bovary - Gustave Flaubert # North and South - Elizabeth Gaskell # Hard Times - Charles Dickens # Walden - Henry David Thoreau # Bleak House - Charles Dickens # Villette - Charlotte Brontë # Cranford - Elizabeth Gaskell # Uncle Tom's Cabin; or, Life Among the Lonely - Harriet Beecher Stowe # The Blithedale Romance - Nathaniel Hawthorne # The House of the Seven Gables - Nathaniel Hawthorne # Moby-Dick - Herman Melville # The Scarlet Letter - Nathaniel Hawthorne # David Copperfield - Charles Dickens # Shirley - Charlotte Brontë # Mary Barton - Elizabeth Gaskell # The Tenant of Wildfell Hall - Anne Brontë # Wuthering Heights - Emily Brontë # Agnes Grey - Anne Brontë # Jane Eyre - Charlotte Brontë # Vanity Fair - William Makepeace Thackeray # The Count of Monte-Cristo - Alexandre Dumas # La Reine Margot - Alexandre Dumas # The Three Musketeers - Alexandre Dumas # The Purloined Letter - Edgar Allan Poe # Martin Chuzzlewit - Charles Dickens # The Pit and the Pendulum - Edgar Allan Poe # Lost Illusions - Honoré de Balzac # A Christmas Carol - Charles Dickens # Dead Souls - Nikolay Gogol # The Charterhouse of Parma - Stendhal # The Fall of the House of Usher - Edgar Allan Poe # The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby - Charles Dickens # Oliver Twist - Charles Dickens # The Nose - Nikolay Gogol # Le Père Goriot - Honoré de Balzac # Eugénie Grandet - Honoré de Balzac # The Hunchback of Notre Dame - Victor Hugo # The Red and the Black - Stendhal # The Betrothed - Alessandro Manzoni # Last of the Mohicans - James Fenimore Cooper # The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner - James Hogg # The Albigenses - Charles Robert Maturin # Melmoth the Wanderer - Charles Robert Maturin # The Monastery - Sir Walter Scott # Ivanhoe - Sir Walter Scott # Frankenstein - Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley # Northanger Abbey - Jane Austen # Persuasion - Jane Austen # Ormond - Maria Edgeworth # Rob Roy - Sir Walter Scott # Emma - Jane Austen # Mansfield Park - Jane Austen # Pride and Prejudice - Jane Austen # The Absentee - Maria Edgeworth # Sense and Sensibility - Jane Austen # Elective Affinities - Johann Wolfgang von Goethe # Castle Rackrent - Maria Edgeworth # 1700s # Hyperion - Friedrich Hölderlin # The Nun - Denis Diderot # Camilla - Fanny Burney # The Monk - M.G. Lewis # Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship - Johann Wolfgang von Goethe # The Mysteries of Udolpho - Ann Radcliffe # The Interesting Narrative - Olaudah Equiano # The Adventures of Caleb Williams - William Godwin # Justine - Marquis de Sade # Vathek - William Beckford # The 120 Days of Sodom - Marquis de Sade # Cecilia - Fanny Burney # Confessions - Jean-Jacques Rousseau # Dangerous Liaisons - Pierre Choderlos de Laclos # Reveries of a Solitary Walker - Jean-Jacques Rousseau # Evelina - Fanny Burney # The Sorrows of Young Werther - Johann Wolfgang von Goethe # Humphrey Clinker - Tobias George Smollett # The Man of Feeling - Henry Mackenzie # A Sentimental Journey - Laurence Sterne # Tristram Shandy - Laurence Sterne # The Vicar of Wakefield - Oliver Goldsmith # The Castle of Otranto - Horace Walpole # Émile; or, On Education - Jean-Jacques Rousseau # Rameau's Nephew - Denis Diderot # Julie; or, the New Eloise - Jean-Jacques Rousseau # Rasselas - Samuel Johnson # Candide - Voltaire # The Female Quixote - Charlotte Lennox # Amelia - Henry Fielding # Peregrine Pickle - Tobias George Smollett # Fanny Hill - John Cleland # Tom Jones - Henry Fielding # Roderick Random - Tobias George Smollett # Clarissa - Samuel Richardson # Pamela - Samuel Richardson # Jacques the Fatalist - Denis Diderot # Memoirs of Martinus Scriblerus - J. Arbuthnot, J. Gay, T. Parnell, A. Pope, J. Swift # Joseph Andrews - Henry Fielding # A Modest Proposal - Jonathan Swift # Gulliver's Travels - Jonathan Swift # Roxana - Daniel Defoe # Moll Flanders - Daniel Defoe # Love in Excess - Eliza Haywood # Robinson Crusoe - Daniel Defoe # A Tale of a Tub - Jonathan Swift # Oroonoko - Aphra Behn # The Princess of Clèves - Marie-Madelaine Pioche de Lavergne, Comtesse de La Fayette # The Pilgrim's Progress - John Bunyan # Don Quixote - Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra # The Unfortunate Traveller - Thomas Nashe # Euphues: The Anatomy of Wit - John Lyly # Gargantua and Pantagruel - Françoise Rabelais # The Thousand and One Nights - Anonymous # The Golden Ass - Lucius Apuleius # Aithiopika - Heliodorus # Chaireas and Kallirhoe - Chariton # Metamorphoses - Ovid # Aesop's Fables - Aesopus