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ARR stands for Accounting Rate of Return. Information can be found about this from many websites including Money Terms. Financial Dictionary also provides information.
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The accounting rate of return (ARR) method may be known as the return on capital employed (ROCE) or return on investment (ROI).
The ARR is ratio of the accounting profit to the investment in the project, expressed as a percentage.
The decision rule is that if the ARR is greater than, or equal to, a hurdle rate, then accept the project.
Advantages:- familiarity, ease of understanding and communication;- managers' performances are often judged using ARR and therefore wish to select projects on the same basis.
Disadvantages:- it can be calculated in a wide variety of ways;- profit is a poor substitute for cash flow;
- no allowance for the time value of money;
- arbitrary cut-off date;
- some perverse decisions can be made.
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Year Net Income Net Cash Flow
0 0 (98500)
1 7500 24750
2 95000 31000
3 14750 34000
4 21250 40250
5 24950 44500
calculate accounting rate of return?
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The accounting rate of return stockholders investments is measured by?
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Average rate of return=Average profit /Initial investment*100%
or
ARR=Average profit /Average investment*100%
or
ARR=Total profit /Initial Investment*100%
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outline four limitation of the accounting rate of return method of appraising new investment.
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The AAR is good capital budgeting tool because managers can compare it to objective benchmarks. Yet one limitation is that ARR uses profit rather than cashflows, and it does not account for the time value of money (TVM)
For more information on the accounting rate of return (AAR) please visit: http://www.drtaccounting.com/2008/03/calculate-average-accounting-return.html
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1. NPV
2. PI index
3. Internal rate of return (IRR)
4. Accounting rate of return.
I'm not too sure whether 4. ARR is classed as one of the four methods, you'll have to check that one. :)
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Average rate of return = Net Income / Average Assets
Average assets = (opening assets - closing assets) / 2
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Net present value (NPV) is superior to accounting rate of return (ARR) and payback period (PB) because it takes into account the time value of money by discounting future cash flows back to the present. ARR does not consider the time value of money and only focuses on accounting profits. PB only considers the time it takes to recoup the initial investment without considering the profitability of the investment over its entire lifespan.
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Internal rate of return (IRR) is a discounted method used for Capital budgeting decisions (investment etc) while accounting rate of retun is a measure for calculating return for a one off payment. IRR is actually the discount rate that equates the Present value of the cash flows to the NPV of the project (investment) while accounting rate of return just gives the actual rate of return. Habib topu1910@gmail.com
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two traditional methods: Average rate of return (ARR) and Payback (PB)...
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Internal rate of return, net present value, accounting rate of return and payback method.
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Advantages include: it is based on accounting information, so no other special reports are required, it is easy to calculate and simple to understand, and based on accounting profit thus measures the profitability of investment. While disadvantages include: ignores the time value of money, ignores the cash flow from investment and does not consider terminal value of the project.
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Average Rate of Return is calculated by using the formula: (Net return per year / initial investment) x 100
Average Rate of Return is calculated by using the formula: (Net return per year / initial investment) x 100
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Average Rate of Return is calculated by using the formula: (Net return per year / initial investment) x 100
Average Rate of Return is calculated by using the formula: (Net return per year / initial investment) x 100
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Implement these methods:
public static int smallest(int[] arr) {
int small = arr[0];
for(int i = 1; i < arr.size(); i++)
if(arr[i] < small)
small = arr[i];
return small;
}
public static int largest(int[] arr) {
int large = arr[0];
for(int i = 1; i < arr.size(); i++)
if(arr[i] > large)
large = arr[i];
return large;
}
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If the investment is derived from income, look at the return and make a choice
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accounting rate of return not take into consideration the time value of money as regrading to actual financial statements which prepare on the historical cost
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ARR isalso known as average rate of return it measures the overall profitability of an investment it has four steps to calculate 1-caculate all cash in flow 2-subtract initial investment 3-divide the figure by life span of the investment 4-calculate what percentage is this of the initial investment by using average annual profit/initial investment x100
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Here are two functions which you can use to find min and max:
double min(const arr[], int arrSize)
{
double minimum = arr[0];
for (int j = 0; j < arrSize; j++)
{
if (minimum > arr[j])
{
minimum = arr[j];
}
}
return maximum;
}
double max(const arr[], int arrSize)
{
double maximum = arr[0];
for (int j = 0; j < arrSize; j++)
{
if (maximum < arr[j])
{
maximum = arr[j];
}
}
return maximum;
}
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double max(const arr[], int arrSize)
{
double maximum = arr[0];
for (int j = 0; j < arrSize; j++)
{
if (maximum < arr[j])
{
maximum = arr[j];
}
}
return maximum;
}
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#include
using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
double min(double arr[], int arrSize);
double max(double arr[], int arrSize);
int main()
{
const int arrSize = 5;
double arr[arrSize] = {0.0};
cout << endl << "Enter " << arrSize << " elements." << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < arrSize; i++)
{
cout << "Enter " << (i + 1) << " element: ";
cin >> arr[i];
}
cout << endl << "You have entered array with elements: ";
for (int i = 0; i < arrSize; i++)
{
cout << endl << " " << (i + 1) << " is: " << arr[i];
}
cout << endl << "Minimum is: " << min(arr, arrSize)
<< endl << "Maximum is: " << max(arr, arrSize) << endl;
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
double min(double arr[], int arrSize)
{
double minimum = arr[0];
for (int i = 0; i < arrSize; i++)
{
if (minimum > arr[i])
{
minimum = arr[i];
}
}
return minimum;
}
double max(double arr[], int arrSize)
{
double maximum = arr[0];
for (int i = 0; i < arrSize; i++)
{
if (maximum < arr[i])
{
maximum = arr[i];
}
}
return maximum;
}
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int max(int arr[], int arrSize)
{
int maximum = arr[0];
for (int i = 0; i < arrSize; i++)
{
if (maximum < arr[i])
{
maximum = arr;
}
}
return maximum;
}
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Assume that all your data were saved in array of type double and size 100:
int arrSize = 100;
double arr[arrSize] = {0.0};
...
for(int i = 0;...)
{
...
cin >> arr[i];//here you enter all elements using loop for
}
...
Out side of the function main you can define two functions max and min which take the array arr as argument
double min(const arr[], int arrSize)
{
double minimum = arr[0];
for (int j = 0; j < arrSize; j++)
{
if (minimum > arr[j])
{
minimum = arr[j];
}
}
return minimum;
}
double max(const arr[], int arrSize)
{
double maximum = arr[0];
for (int j = 0; j < arrSize; j++)
{
if (maximum < arr[j])
{
maximum = arr[j];
}
}
return maximum;
}
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#include <iostream>
using std::cout;
using std::cin;
using std::endl;
void input(double arr[], const int arr_size);
double max(double arr[], const int arr_size);
int main()
{
const int arr_size = 5;
double arr[arr_size] = {0.0};
input(arr, arr_size);
cout << "Highest number is: " << max(arr, arr_size) << endl;
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
void input(double arr[], const int arr_size)
{
cout << "Enter " << arr_size << " elements to find the highest:" << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < arr_size; i++)
{
cout << (i + 1) << " element is: ";
cin >> arr[i];
}
}
double max(double arr[], const int arr_size)
{
double highest_num = arr[0];
for (int i = 0; i < arr_size; i++)
{
if (highest_num < arr[i])
{
highest_num = arr[i];
}
}
return highest_num;
}
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#include
void input(double arr[], const int numElems);
double max(double arr[], const int numElems);
int main()
{
const int numElems = 5;
double arr[numElems] = {0.0};
input(arr, numElems);
std::cout << "Maximum is: " << max(arr, numElems);
std::cout << std::endl;
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}
void input(double arr[], const int numElems)
{
std::cout << "Enter " << numElems << " elements." << std::endl;
for (int i = 0; i < numElems; i++)
{
std::cout << "Enter " << (i + 1) << " element: ";
std::cin >> arr[i];
}
}
double max(double arr[], const int numElems)
{
double maximum = arr[0];
for (int i = 0; i < numElems; i++)
{
if (maximum < arr[i])
{
maximum = arr[i];
}
}
return maximum;
}
*The code was compiled in VS2008/2010
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You data has to be stored in the array arr[] of size 10.
double min(const arr[], int arrSize)
{
double minimum = arr[0];
for (int j = 0; j < arrSize; j++)
{
if (minimum > arr[j])
{
minimum = arr[j];
}
}
return minimum;
}
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I did this as an answre to some common js questions , the question was
Write a function which will return you first two times 1, then 2, then 3, then 5 and so on (Fibonacci numbers). Don't use any global variables.var fibonacci = (function () {
var arr = [0, 1];
return function () {
var num = arr[arr.length - 1],
len = arr.length;
arr.push(arr[len - 1] + arr[len - 2]);
return num;
};
}());
//test
var i;
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
console.log(fibonacci());
}
//1,1,2,3,5,8,13,21,34,55
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Businesses attempt to estimate the possible income received by certain transactions. They then compare this amount to the necessary rate of return on the investment. Every investment has a necessary return (usually enough so the company doesn't lose money in the investment).
The cutoff point, therefore, is the minimum rate of return. If a company invests in something with a projected 15% rate of return, but the minimum rate of return is 20%, then the company is better off not investing.
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To return the largest of a set of variables, store the first variable's value and compare it with all the others, one after the other. Each time a larger value is found, update the stored value. When all variables have been compared, the stored value holds the largest value.
The following demonstrates how to do this for an array of integers:
int largest (int* arr, unsigned size) {
if (!arr size==0) return INT_MIN; // check for invalid arguments
int store = arr[0]; // store first element
for (unsigned i=1; i<size; ++i) if (arr[i]>store) store = arr[i]; // compare with all other values
return store;
}
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$arr=array(2,5,4,6,7,8,1);
for($i=0;$i<count($arr);$i++)
{
for($j=$i;$j<count($arr);$j++)
{
if($arr[$i] > $arr[$j])
{
$temp=$arr[$i];
$arr[$i]=$arr[$j];
$arr[$j]=$temp;
}
}
}
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No arr refers to address of array &arr refers address of address of array but compiler treats arr and & arr, so even you place arr and & arr no error only warnings will be displayed.
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Yes, 'ARR' and 'ARR' are the same for char20. Whatever it means.
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#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int N;
cout<<"\nHow many numbers?";
cin>>N;
int arr[N];
cout<<"\nEnter the numbers: ";
for(int i=0;i<N;i++)
cin>>arr[i];
int max=arr[0];
for(int i=1;i<N;i++)
if(arr[i]>max)
max=arr[i];
cout<<"\nThe maximum is "<<max;
return 0;
}
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Return on capital employed means an accounting ratio used in finance, valuation, and accounting. Not to be confused with return on equity, it is similar to return on assets yet takes into account sources of financing.
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public int min(int[] arr)
{
int min = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
for(int e : arr) if(e<min) min=e;
return min;
}
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for example:
int arr[3];
arr[0] = 1; /* ok */
arr[1] = 2; /* ok */
arr[2] = 0; /* ok */
arr[3] = -1; /* wrong */
arr[-1] = -3; /* wrong */
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The expected rate of return is simply the average rate of return. The standard deviation does not directly affect the expected rate of return, only the reliability of that estimate.
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Yes, the interest rate and rate of return are exactly the same.
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expected rate of return
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Average anual profit = average operating cash flow - depreciation
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ways of getting 14
1,1,6,6 6 arrangements (1,6,1,6; 1,6,6,1; 1,1,6,6; 6,6,1,1; 6,1,6,1; 6,1,1,6)
1,2,5,6 24 arr.
1,3,4,6 24 arr.
1,3,5,5 12 arr.
1,4,4,5 12 arr.
2,2,4,6 12 arr.
2,2,5,5 6 arr.
2,3,3,6 12 arr.
2,3,4,5 24 arr.
2,4,4,4 4 arr.
3,3,3,5 4 arr.
3,3,4,4 6 arr.
Total: 146
146*(1/6)4 = 0.1127... so slightly over 1/9
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