World Chronology:
1228
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Papal soldiers of Gregory IX invade the lands of Friedrich II in what the pope calls a crusade against the "non-Christian" king.
A Sixth Crusade embarks for the Holy Land in midsummer under the leadership of the excommunicated Holy Roman Emperor Friedrich II, who capitalizes on dissensions among descendants of the late Malik-al-Adil to achieve his ends through diplomacy (see 1229).
Stephen Langton, archbishop of Canterbury, dies at Slindon, Sussex, July 9.
Francis of Assisi is canonized by Pope Gregory IX just 2 years after his death. Franciscan monks will play a major role in history for the next 4 centuries.
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