(shäng) or Yin, dynasty of China, which ruled, according to traditional dates, from c.1766 B.C. to c.1122 B.C. or, according to some modern scholars, from c.1523 B.C. to c.1027 B.C. It is the first historic dynasty of China; its legendary founder, T'ang, is said to have defeated the last Hsia ruler, Chieh. His successors ruled over a city-state in modern Henan prov. and may have controlled other smaller states on the North China Plain. They warred against the Huns and against the Chou, who finally defeated the last Shang king, Shou. Archaeological remains at one of the capitals, near modern Anyang, suggest (along with later records) that the Shang had a complex agricultural civilization of peasants and city-dwelling artisans, with a priestly class, nobles, and a king, who was also high priest. Shang religion was characterized by ancestor worship, sacrifices to nature deities, and divination. Stylized inscriptions on bone and bronze artifacts probably reveal the earliest examples of Chinese writing. Bronze casting under the Shang reached a height of artistic achievement rarely equaled anywhere in the world. There was a highly organized bureaucracy, and the patriarchal Chinese family system seems to have already been developed.

Bibliography

See H. G. Creel, The Birth of China (1954); T. Cheng, Archaeology in China: Vol. II, Shang China (1960); K. C. Chang, Shang Civilization (1980); D. Keightley, Early China (1981) and The Origins of Chinese Civilization (1983).

Yin may refer to:

• Yin Dynasty, also known as the Shang Dynasty, the first historic Chinese nation and dynasty
  • Yin (city), the last capital of that dynasty
• Yin (surname), a rare Chinese surname of descendents from the dynasty above.
• Yin Chengzong, premier Chinese pianist and composer who arranged the Yellow River Concerto
• Yin, one of two opposing forces in traditional Chinese philosophy and medicine
• Yin (book), by Carolyn Kizer
• The Big Yin, nickname of Billy Connolly
• Yin, a short-lived kingdom of China's Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period
• Yin (character), The fictional character from the Disney/Jetix show Yin Yang Yo!.

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