"Atta" actually means "flour" in most East Indian dialects. Atta flour is not actually a 'type of flour'. Most East Indians, when they refer to atta in a recipe, will use a mixture of whole-wheat and all-purpose flour (most often a two to one ratio). Exclusively whole-wheat flour could be used if it is very finely ground, and in this case, the earlier answer may apply. (The definition given below of 'atta' being the flour made from the grain and the endosperm (without the bran) would be a very fine flour, and could indeed be used to make many East Indian recipes, such as chapattis or rotis. )
But the correct answer here is that 'atta' really means flour, so there is no real 'correct' answer to this question!
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A grain of wheat is made up of three main parts. The germis the bit in the middle, which holds the most nutrients and the endosperm makes up the bulk of the grain with starches and sugars. The husk or bran is the tough skin, like you find on the outside of brown rice. This is very high in dietary fibre.
Brown or wholewheat flour contains all three parts of the grain.
White flour contains only the endosperm which means it retains the carbohydrates loses most of the minerals and vitamins.
Atta flour on the other hand uses the germ and the endosperm. But not the bran. Bran fibre is insoluble, so atta flour is a much lighter more easily digested flour. And good digestion is the key to good health.
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Both whole-wheat flour and graham flour contain the wheat germ, which means that it also has a higher fiber, nutritional and fat content. Graham flour is a whole-wheat flour that is slightly coarser than regular grind. Graham flour was developed by the Rev. Sylvester Graham.
I believe the question was Gram flour, not Graham flour. Gram flour is ground chickpeas. Gram flour is much higher in protein (double the protein of whole wheat flour and 6 x more than white flour), has fewer calories, fewer carbs, is gluten free and contains folate. It has a nutty taste. It's used in many Indian dishes as well as European dishes. Unroasted (besan) has a slightly bitter taste, Roasted chickpeas (chana) is not bitter. In cooking, you can sub 7/8 cup of chickpea flour for every 1 cup of wheat flour according to Michigan State University but you may get better results by mixing it with other flours. Hope this helps, I didn't know about Gram flour until recently.